Deck 5: Victims and the Criminal Justice System

Question 1

Which of the following statement does not align with the just world hypothesis?

A) People deserve whatever comes to them
B) People are at fault for their victimization
C) Good things happen to good people
D) All of these are representative of the just world hypothesis

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following best summarizes one of the biggest problems with early theories of victimology?

A) They focused on how victims could be at fault for their own victimology.
B) They focused on how offenders chose their victims.
C) They did not study all types of victims.
D) There were no early theories that studied victims.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

He is one of the early scholars who developed a typology of victimization that distinguished different types of victims based on the relative responsibility of the victim in their own victimization.

A) Hans von Hentig
B) Charles Coorcelle
C) Edwin Sutherland
D) Benjamin Mendelsohn

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A vulnerable individual who is easily exploited and typically has and IQ lower than average is a(n):

A) dull normals.
B) wanton.
C) acquisitive.
D) mentally defective.

Question 5

The first victim services organization was called the:

A) Victim Services Organization.
B) U.S. Victimization Center.
C) Criminal Justice Advocacy Center.
D) Crime Victim Advocacy Center.

Question 6

His typology of victims looked at how personal factors,such as biological,psychological,and social factors,influence risk factors for victimization.

A) Hans von Hentig
B) Charles Coorcelle
C) Edwin Sutherland
D) Benjamin Mendelsohn

Question 7

The first victim services organization was developed in:

A) St. Louis, MO.
B) New York City, NY.
C) Los Angeles, CA.
D) Atlanta, GA.

Question 8

A victim lost in the "wrong part of town" is a(n):

A) victim who alone is guilty.
B) imaginary victim.
C) innocent victim.
D) victim with minor guilt.

Question 9

The first victim services organization was developed in:

A) 1960.
B) 1972.
C) 1981.
D) 1992.

Question 10

The author(s)of Routine Activities Theory are:

A) Cohen and Felson.
B) Sampson and Laub.
C) Benjamin Mendelsohn.
D) Hans von Hentig.

Question 11

A victim who is killed by the domestic partner he abused for years is categorized as a(n):

A) victim who alone is guilty.
B) imaginary victim.
C) voluntary victim.
D) victim who is guiltier than the offender.

Question 12

According to this theory,one may increase the risk for criminal opportunity and victimization through both an increased exposure to criminal activity and an increased exposure to motivated offenders.

A) Routine Activities
B) Lifestyle
C) Victim Blaming
D) Rational Choice

Question 13

Routine activities theory was initially designed to explain victimization from:

A) property crime.
B) personal crime.
C) victimless crime.
D) white-collar crime.

Question 14

Which of the following statement is one of the major problems associated with the just world hypothesis?

A) It assumes people are able to change the environment in which they live.
B) It implies only "innocent" victims are true victims.
C) It creates a false sense of security about the risks of crime and victimization.
D) All of these are problems associated with the just world hypothesis.

Question 15

A victim who pays a prostitute for sex and is then robbed by the prostitute is a(n):

A) victim who alone is guilty.
B) imaginary victim.
C) voluntary victim.
D) victim with minor guilt.

Question 16

Lifestyle theory was initially designed to explain victimization from:

A) property crime.
B) personal crime.
C) victimless crime.
D) white-collar crime.

Question 17

Which of the following is not one of the essential components of Routine Activities Theory?

A) Motivated offender
B) Suitable target
C) Lack of capable guardianship
D) All of these are essential components

Question 18

Composed of law enforcement officers,lawyers and members of the judiciary as well as victim advocates,their report included 68 recommendations to reform the experience of crime victims.

A) Presidential Task Force on Victims of Crime
B) Victim Services Task Force
C) Department of Justice Victim Advocacy Center
D) American Victimization Center

Question 19

This is the study of people who have been injured or harmed by another?

A) Criminology
B) Victimology
C) Penology
D) Positivism

Question 20

One who is particularly vulnerable to stressors at various stages during the life cycle falls under this typology of crime victims.

A) Dull normals
B) Wanton
C) Acquisitive
D) Mentally Defective

Question 21

First passed in 1994,the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA)provided victims of intimate partner violence (IPV)support through the allocation of federal funds for prosecuting offenders.

Question 22

It is estimated that only _____% of victims report property crime.

A) 23
B) 37
C) 49
D) 62

Question 23

In 1972,the Crime Victim Advocacy Center,developed in Los Angeles,CA,became the first victim services organization.

Question 24

Which of the following was not a result of one of the recommendations of the Presidential Task Force on Victims of Crime?

A) Victim and Witness Protection Act
B) Victims of Crime Act (VOCA)
C) Crime Victims Fund
D) All of these choices resulted from recommendations of the Presidential Task Force on Victims of Crime

Question 25

This established the Crime Victims Fund which,to date,has deposited almost 19 billion dollars.

A) Victim and Witness Protection Act
B) Victims of Crime Act (VOCA)
C) Crime Victims' Rights Act
D) Victims' Rights and Restitution Act

Question 26

Victims have the right to full and timely restitution as provided in law.

Question 27

The Victims of Crime Act (VOCA),established the Crime Victims Fund in 1984.

Question 28

According to the NCVS,domestic violence victimization has ______ over the past year.

A) decreased
B) remained stable
C) increased
D) significantly increased

Question 29

Victims have the right to be reasonably heard at any public proceeding in the district court involving release,plea,sentencing,or any parole proceeding.

Question 30

In 1982,President Ronald Reagan established the Presidential Task Force on Victims of Crime which was composed of law enforcement officers,lawyers,members of the judiciary,and victim advocates.

Question 31

Within the category of personal crime,the NCVS looks at the acts of homicide,rape,and sexual assault,robbery,simple and aggravated assault and pick-pocketing/purse-snatching.

Question 32

Which of the following is not one of the reasons victims choose not to report their victimization to police?

A) They feel embarrassed.
B) They are afraid of retaliation.
C) They believe nothing can be done.
D) All of these are reasons victims do not report.

Question 33

The most common crime of identity theft involves the unauthorized use of a banking or credit card account.

Question 34

The Crime Victims' Rights Act of 2004 provides victims with legal rights for federal criminal cases such as the right to be reasonably protected from the accused.

Question 35

Megan's Law,established in 1989,requires community notification in cases of convicted sex offenders.

Question 36

Which of the following is not a legal right for victims under the Crime Victims' Rights Act of 2004?

A) The right to be reasonably protected from the accused.
B) The right to be reasonably heard at any public proceeding in the district court involving release, plea, sentencing, or any parole proceeding.
C) The right to full and timely restitution as provided in law.
D) The reasonable right to confer with the attorney for the defense in the case.

Question 37

The Presidential Task Force on Victims of Crime was established in:

A) 1969.
B) 1978.
C) 1982.
D) 1996.

Question 38

He established the Presidential Task Force on Victims of Crime.

A) George W. Bush
B) Ronald Reagan
C) Richard Nixon
D) Bill Clinton

Question 39

It is estimated that only _____% of victims report violent crime.

A) 23
B) 37
C) 49
D) 62

Question 40

According to the NCVS,the rate of violent crime has ______ over the past year.

A) decreased
B) remained stable
C) increased
D) significantly increased

Question 41

According to lifestyle theory,increased exposure to criminal activity and increased exposure to motivated offenders are the only factors that place people at risk for victimization.

Question 42

What rights are provided to victims' under the Crime Victims' Rights Act of 2004?

Question 43

Why do some victims not report the crime to the police?

Question 44

Explain the essential components of routine activities theory.Provide one example on how they increase the likelihood of victimization.

Question 45

How,based lifestyle theory,can a person increase the risk for criminal opportunity and victimization?

Question 46

Routine activities theory suggests that the likelihood of a criminal act occurs with the convergence of three essential components: a motivated offender,a suitable target,and lack of capable guardianship.

Question 47

Hans von Hentig's typology of victims looked at how personal factors,such as biological,psychological,and social factors,influence risk factors for victimization.What are these typologies?

Question 48

How does the just world hypothesis contribute to victim blaming?

Question 49

What was the significant contribution of the Violence Against Women Act (1994)?

Question 50

What is secondary victimization?

Question 51

What was the significant contribution of the Student Right to Know and Campus Security Act (1990)?

Question 52

Hans von Hentig's typology of victims looked at how personal factors,such as biological,psychological,and social factors,influence risk factors for victimization.

Question 53

The just world hypothesis suggests bad things happen to bad people,and good things happen to good people.

Question 54

What was the first state to develop victimization laws,and how have these laws expanded across the United States?

Question 55

What were the major contributions of the Presidential Task Force on Victims of Crime?

Question 56

Benjamin Mendelsohn developed a typology of victimization that distinguished different types of victims based on the relative responsibility of the victim in their own victimization.Explain and give one example of each of his typologies.

Question 57

What led to the development of the first victim's services organization? What is this organization and where was it formed?

Question 58

By law,colleges and universities are required to disclose statistics about campus crime.

Question 59

How does a just world outlook give people a sense of peace?

Question 60

What was the significant contribution of the Victims' Rights and Restitution Act (1990)?

Question 61

Should restorative justice be a greater part of the criminal justice system?

Question 62

What did the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA)in 1984 do?

Question 63

How does secondary victimization impact victims?

Question 64

What does the NCVS reveal about unreported victimizations? Cite statistics to support your response.

Question 65

Why are victims often blamed for their victimization?

Question 66

According to the NCVS,what are the trends in victimization?

Question 67

If you were a victim of a crime,which victims' right would you hold most dear?

Question 68

What is the best theory to help understand victimization? What makes that the best theory?

Question 69

What rights do victims of crime have?