Deck 9: Music and Politics

Question 1

What does the reggae term riddim refer to?

A)The tempo
B)An emphasis on the second and fourth offbeats
C)Repeating patterns in the bass and rhythm instruments
D)The relationship between the bass and rhythm instruments
E)All of the above

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following statements about competitive traditional dance styles in the Shoshone powwow is true?

A)They are gaining popularity.
B)They are performed in basic regalia.
C)They carry the largest cash prizes.
D)They may be performed in street clothes.
E)They are intertribal dances open to all attendees.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Reggaeton was created by combining elements of all the following musical styles EXCEPT:

A)rap.
B)soul.
C)salsa.
D)bomba.
E)reggae.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Several national anthems have been created from each of these musical genres EXCEPT:

A)hymns.
B)waltzes.
C)marches.
D)folk tunes.
E)opera overtures.

Question 5

Dub is a descendent of reggae that:

A)developed in the mid-1970s.
B)has lyrics that focus on relationships.
C)fuses elements of bhangra,reggae,pop,and rap.
D)is dominated by digitally produced or reproduced sounds.
E)features improvised political vocal solos over remixed recordings.

Question 6

At the Shoshone Indian Days celebrations,dance competitions are usually:

A)open to all visitors.
B)held in the early afternoon.
C)restricted to dancers in tribal regalia.
D)limited to traditional dances.
E)reserved for older dancers.

Question 7

Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika was composed by Enoch Mankayi Sontonga for use as a:

A)school song.
B)protest song.
C)club song.
D)national anthem.
E)religious hymn.

Question 8

The new,combined South African national anthem has lyrics in all of the following languages EXCEPT:

A)English.
B)Zulu.
C)German.
D)Afrikaans.
E)Sesotho.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about intertribal dances is true?

A)They are the most important competitive dances.
B)They are performed in fancy regalia.
C)They carry the largest cash prizes.
D)They may be performed in street clothes.
E)They are restricted to Shoshone tribal members.

Question 10

South African melodies that consist of short,repeated segments are called:

A)call-and-response.
B)verse and refrain.
C)redundant forms.
D)iterative forms.
E)cyclic forms.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about fancy dance styles in the Shoshone powwow is NOT true?

A)They use old choreography.
B)They have a flamboyant style.
C)They have fast tempos.
D)They require much athletic skill.
E)They have a freer form than traditional dance styles.

Question 12

Which of these types of music was renamed "roots reggae" as new reggae styles emerged in the 1980s?

A)Ska
B)Mento
C)Rock steady
D)Early reggae
E)Ragamuffin

Question 13

In the Shoshone Flag Song heard in the Listening Guide,the highest parts of the vocal melody are sung by using:

A)rubato.
B)falsetto.
C)tremolo.
D)accelerando.
E)overtone singing.

Question 14

Reflecting the influence of Western missionaries,the rendition of Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika in the Listening Guide is performed primarily in what texture?

A)Homophonic
B)Polyphonic
C)Polyrhythmic
D)Heterophonic
E)Monophonic

Question 15

In South African music,which of the following is NOT a musical term for the four voice parts in Western harmony?

A)Fast pathi
B)Slow pathi
C)Altha
D)Bes
E)Thena

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the modern powwow is true?

A)It has its origins in the 1960s.
B)It is normally held in spring.
C)It is usually limited to one tribe.
D)It began as a symbol of "Indianness."
E)It is mostly held in the American Southwest.

Question 17

The choreography of the Grass Dance at a Shoshone powwow is intended to:

A)bring a strong harvest.
B)help clear new farmland.
C)represent grass swaying in the wind.
D)mimic a motion flattening the grass.
E)None of the above

Question 18

In a Shoshone powwow,when would the Shoshone Flag Song heard in the Listening Guide be performed?

A)Before the national anthem
B)After the national anthem
C)In place of the national anthem
D)Before the Grand Entry of all contestants in regalia
E)During the Grand Entry of all contestants in regalia

Question 19

Which of the following statements about dancehall reggae is NOT true?

A)It is also called ska.
B)It emerged in 1983.
C)Its lyrics focus on relationships.
D)Its beats are created by synthesizers.
E)Its texts deemphasize Rastafarianism.

Question 20

Musical performances and repertories that embed political messages through metaphorical or coded terms are called:

A)national anthems.
B)public transcripts.
C)hidden transcripts.
D)iterative forms.
E)All of the above

Question 21

South African music like Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika was influenced by Western harmonies because of the efforts of Western missionaries.

Question 22

Powwows are mainly held during summer because the weather is conducive to outdoor gatherings.

Question 23

The Star-Spangled Banner is an example of the common practice of creating a national anthem by setting new words to a preexisting melody,which is a songwriting process called contrafactum.

Question 24

Reggae was developed in 1968 and was named after a song called Do the Reggay.

Question 25

In the Shoshone Flag Song heard in the Listening Guide,the two vocal parts are performed using overtone singing.

Question 26

Reggae and its religious symbols have been adapted by American and Trinidadian evangelical Protestant musicians to create a new style called gospel reggae.

Question 27

Rastafarians in the West Indies viewed Haile Selassie's coronation as the Ethiopian emperor to be a heralding of the deliverance of oppressed black people.

Question 28

The Hammond electronic organ and the synthesizer are examples of chordophones that became prominent in popular music in the late twentieth century.

Question 29

Shoshone Indian Days celebrations include "giveaways" to attract more tourists as paying visitors.

Question 30

Get Up,Stand Up is an example of reggae's heavy reliance on syncopated rhythms.

Question 31

The New South African National Anthem music combines lyrics in Zulu,Sesotho,Afrikaans,and English.

Question 32

Bhangramuffin was a new musical style that fused elements of bhangra,reggae,pop,and rap.

Question 33

The Jingle Dress Dance has a strong association with healing because of the sound of the jingling ornaments attached to the dancer's dress.

Question 34

The Shoshone Flag Song heard in the Listening Guide uses all of the following musical elements EXCEPT:

A)falsetto.
B)vocables.
C)seconding.
D)ululation.
E)a fast tempo.

Question 35

In Shoshone singing,"push-ups" enable singers to:

A)sing more loudly.
B)sing in a higher range.
C)lengthen their performances.
D)draw attention to themselves.
E)None of the above

Question 36

The New South African National Anthem uses a polyphonic texture to symbolize unity in post-apartheid South Africa.

Question 37

Melody is especially important in reggae music because it is a metaphor and code for political resistance.

Question 38

The Flag Song for Desert Storm heard in the Listening Guide is an example of:

A)a Blackfoot song that borrows from a Shoshone song.
B)a text honoring veterans of World War II.
C)a slow tempo that reflects generational differences.
D)seconding,in which one of two vocalists sings the main melody an octave higher than the other singer.
E)the practice of Native American veterans commemorating their service by composing songs.

Question 39

Rock steady was a predecessor of reggae that developed in the early 1960s and used a fast quadruple meter.

Question 40

Flag Songs like the Flag Song for Desert Storm are performed to convey all the following political messages EXCEPT:

A)honoring particular people.
B)honoring particular events.
C)showing respect for the flag and the country.
D)showing respect for veterans.
E)showing respect for leaders of political resistance groups.

Question 41

MATCHING
Match each item to the correct description below.
a.nduah
b.Wolf Dance
c.mento
d.Shawl Dance
e.cordiroy
A Native American dance that influenced movements in the War Dance

Question 42

Match each item to the correct description below.
a.bomba
b.bes
c.ragga
d.riddim
e.bangara
A Puerto Rican musical style that emerged from the seventeenth century

Question 43

Match each item to the correct description below.
a.bomba
b.bes
c.ragga
d.riddim
e.bangara
The term for the bass part in South African four-part harmony

Question 44

War Dance Song No.9 is an example of a song text that is primarily comprised of meaningless syllables called ________.

Question 45

Match each item to the correct description below.
a.bomba
b.bes
c.ragga
d.riddim
e.bangara
A reggae beat named after bhangra

Question 46

Match each item to the correct description below.
a.bomba
b.bes
c.ragga
d.riddim
e.bangara
A style of reggae that developed in the 1980s and used digital sounds

Question 47

The War Dance and its accompanying songs have been sustained in Native American culture because twentieth-century wars provided new contexts to display and celebrate Native American soldiers' heroic actions.

Question 48

Open musical displays of power,or ________ ________,affirm and perpetuate an existing power structure.

Question 49

The ________ ________ ________,an instrument first manufactured in 1935,created sound through an electromagnetic system with rotating motor-driven metal tone-wheels controlled by two key manuals and a pedal board.

Question 50

MATCHING
Match each item to the correct description below.
a.nduah
b.Wolf Dance
c.mento
d.Shawl Dance
e.cordiroy
A reggae riddim

Question 51

MATCHING
Match each item to the correct description below.
a.nduah
b.Wolf Dance
c.mento
d.Shawl Dance
e.cordiroy
A short section at the end of a Plains War Dance song

Question 52

MATCHING
Match each item to the correct description below.
a.nduah
b.Wolf Dance
c.mento
d.Shawl Dance
e.cordiroy
A rural Jamaican musical style related to calypso

Question 53

MATCHING
Match each item to the correct description below.
a.nduah
b.Wolf Dance
c.mento
d.Shawl Dance
e.cordiroy
A Native American women's dance

Question 54

The song Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika inspired resistance against ________,the official laws of racial segregation enforced in South Africa until 1990.

Question 55

A ________ ________ is a song that expresses national loyalty or patriotism.

Question 56

The culture and belief system called ________ developed from Marcus Garvey's "Back to Africa" movement and the perception of Haile Selassie's coronation as a foreshadowing of the deliverance of oppressed black people.

Question 57

The ________,an instrument first marketed commercially in 1964,allows the player to select pitches with a performance interface and determine the types,tones,and dynamics of sound by using programmed controls.

Question 58

Match each item to the correct description below.
a.bomba
b.bes
c.ragga
d.riddim
e.bangara
A reggae term encompassing beat,rhythm,and tempo

Question 59

The Flag Song for Desert Storm heard in the Listening Guide opens with a series of drumbeats that many Native Americans call ________ ________.

Question 60

How does the history of South Africa's national anthem demonstrate music's ability to convey various political messages?

Question 61

How do the songs and dances of the Shoshone powwow make political statements that are relevant to this contemporary soundscape?

Question 62

How have musicians used reggae and its hybrid styles to express various political messages that are meaningful in different soundscapes?