Deck 21: Health and Medicine

Question 1

During the early decades of the Industrial Revolution

A) rapidly growing cities developed good sanitation.
B) factory owners did their best to keep pollutants out of the air.
C) workplace accidents were common.
D) medical technology kept pace with ongoing health issues.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following had the highest reported death toll on Canadian citizens?

A) avian flu
B) swine flu
C) mad cow disease
D) severe acute respiratory syndrome

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a chronic illness?

A) influenza
B) cancer
C) accidents
D) pneumonia

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Ideas about health can serve as a type of social control, as illustrated by the notion that

A) women would risk their health by going to college.
B) a competitive way of life is "healthy."
C) homosexuality is "sick," even though it is biologically natural.
D) we look to doctors to tell us what is healthy and what is unhealthy.

Question 5

In poor nations around the world, about what share of all children die before they reach their first birthday?

A) 1 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 90 percent

Question 6

Which of the following factors does NOT have a strong link to life expectancy?

A) race
B) gender
C) social class
D) height

Question 7

Which of the following does NOT indicate that society shapes human health?

A) Cultural patterns define what is or is not healthy.
B) Social inequality affects a population's health.
C) Society's technology affects people's health.
D) Overweight people tend to make poor choices.

Question 8

In the world's poorest nations today, almost one in four people die before reaching

A) the age of 20.
B) the age of 30.
C) the age of 50.
D) the age of 70.

Question 9

If you were to visit a low-income nation to study its high death rates, what would you suspect to be the most common causes of death?

A) cancer and heart disease
B) infectious diseases
C) accidents
D) old age

Question 10

Social epidemiology is the study of

A) the biological basis of disease.
B) the availability of doctors around the world.
C) the age at which people die.
D) the distribution of health and illness in a population.

Question 11

Which of the following diseases is the biggest killer in today's high-income nations?

A) heart disease
B) influenza
C) pneumonia
D) cholera

Question 12

Research shows that masculinity is linked to health because

A) our culture's definition of masculinity encourages stress and heart disease.
B) men learn to be strong and avoid illness.
C) men avoid many of the lifestyle dangers common to women.
D) the jobs men typically perform often deal with physical exertion and dangerous substances.

Question 13

Looking across the life course, which of the following statements is correct?

A) Women have higher suicide rates than men.
B) Men have fewer accidents than women.
C) Women generally have better health than men.
D) Old people generally have better health than young people.

Question 14

Applying the sociological perspective, we see that the high rate of obesity in Canada reflects

A) bad personal choices people make about their lives.
B) cultural forces that encourage people to eat large amounts of unhealthy fast food.
C) our long history as a nation of people with poor health.
D) the steadily changing biology of the human body.

Question 15

According to the World Health Organization, about how many of the world's people suffer from serious illness caused by poverty?

A) 1 million
B) 10 million
C) 1 billion
D) 10 billion

Question 16

Advancing medical technology has attacked infectious disease in poor countries with what result?

A) Almost nothing: this technology has had little effect.
B) Populations have increased rapidly.
C) Death rates have dropped to near zero.
D) More children die earlier in life than ever before.

Question 17

After the Industrial Revolution, there was an increase in the share of deaths caused by which of the following types of diseases?

A) influenza and pneumonia
B) heart disease and cancer
C) cholera and tuberculosis
D) dementia and Alzheimer's

Question 18

Poor health in low-income nations reflects all of the following factors, EXCEPT

A) the lack of safe drinking water.
B) the lack of access to medical personnel.
C) the lack of a nutritious diet.
D) the lack of desire to care for one's family.

Question 19

In Western Europe and North America, scientists began to understand the causes of infectious diseases at about what point in history?

A) 1700
B) 1775
C) 1850
D) 1950

Question 20

In North America, the majority of adults and about ______ of children are overweight.

A) one-sixth
B) half
C) three-quarters
D) two-thirds

Question 21

The Canadian Medical Association was established in

A) 1776.
B) 1867.
C) 1914.
D) 1888.

Question 22

The rise of scientific medicine in Canada began about when?

A) 1960, with advances in computer technology
B) 1917, about the time of World War I
C) 1890, as the rate immigration increased
D) 1865, with the establishment of the General Council of Medical Education and Registration

Question 23

The biggest eating related problem in North America is

A) anorexia nervosa.
B) bulimia.
C) compulsive dieting.
D) obesity.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a poverty-related chronic disease that affects Aboriginal people in Canada?

A) obesity
B) asthma
C) diabetes
D) swine flu

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to widespread obesity in Canadian society?

A) Fewer of today's jobs involve the physical labour common in the past.
B) More work around the house is done by machines.
C) The typical diet involves both more food and more salty and fatty food.
D) It is becoming more acceptable in the media for men and women to be larger.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT considered a behaviour placing people at high risk of HIV infection?

A) anal sex
B) sharing needles
C) using drugs that impair judgment
D) kissing

Question 27

Gender is linked to all of the following except

A) visits to the physician.
B) major causes of death.
C) susceptibility to viral infections.
D) life expectancy.

Question 28

Which of the following world regions is experiencing the most severe epidemic of AIDS?

A) Latin America
B) sub-Saharan Africa
C) the Middle East
D) eastern Asia

Question 29

What percentage of those who have eating disorders are women?

A) 25%
B) 48%
C) 93%
D) 100%

Question 30

It is correct to say that the medical establishment in Canada is oriented towards which of the following?

A) holistic treatment
B) herbal healing
C) traditional healing arts
D) scientific medicine

Question 31

Scientific medicine typically develops in

A) pastoral societies.
B) agrarian societies.
C) industrial societies.
D) post-industrial societies.

Question 32

The country in the world hit hardest by H1N1 was

A) United States.
B) Canada.
C) Sweden.
D) Mexico.

Question 33

Research shows that college women believe that

A) physical looks are less important than "what's inside."
B) being thin is key to being attractive.
C) they are thinner than men would like them to be.
D) the opinions of men are irrelevant.

Question 34

The greatest preventable cause of death in Canada is

A) sexually transmitted diseases.
B) automobile accidents.
C) cigarette smoking.
D) drinking alcohol.

Question 35

The concept "euthanasia" refers to

A) assisting in the death of a person suffering from a terminal illness.
B) people's legal "right to die."
C) providing medical treatment to seriously ill people.
D) providing medical assistance to those who cannot afford it.

Question 36

Read the following statements about health in Canada. Which statement is incorrect?

A) The children of rich families have the best health in the world.
B) Children in poor families are as vulnerable as children in some low-income nations.
C) High-income people assess their own health more positively than low-income people.
D) All Canadians share a standard of health that is greater than that of other nations.

Question 37

Which of the following categories of people is especially likely to smoke cigarettes?

A) married people
B) divorced people
C) people with college degrees
D) people in the labour force

Question 38

Upon infection, people with HIV

A) display obvious symptoms.
B) get very sick right away.
C) display no symptoms at all.
D) get mildly sick from time to time.

Question 39

An exception to the general decline of infectious diseases in the United States is the increase in ______ after 1960.

A) cancer
B) obesity
C) flu
D) sexually transmitted diseases

Question 40

Which sexually transmitted disease infects 45 million U.S. adults and adolescents (about one in five)?

A) syphilis
B) genital herpes
C) gonorrhea
D) AIDS

Question 41

Which of the following occupations is NOT noted in the text as among the most dangerous jobs in Canada?

A) farming
B) coal mining
C) truck driving
D) electrician

Question 42

Who was voted the "Greatest Canadian" for his role in bringing universal health care to Canada?

A) Pierre Elliott Trudeau
B) Sir John A. Macdonald
C) Emmett M. Hall
D) Tommy Douglas

Question 43

Holistic medicine asserts that

A) the most important task is treating symptoms of disease.
B) patients should rely on themselves-not just physicians-to ensure their own health.
C) treatment of patients should be impersonal.
D) medicine should be administered regularly, establishing a healthy dependency.

Question 44

From a sociological point of view, health may be a matter of having the same diseases as one's neighbours.

Question 45

In his structural-functional analysis, Talcott Parsons claimed that society responds to illness by

A) punishing ill people.
B) withholding treatment to those who need it most.
C) using the "sick role" to relieve ill people of many daily responsibilities.
D) forcing people, sick or not, to perform important work.

Question 46

The topic of psychosomatic disorders is of greatest interest to sociologists guided by which theoretical approach?

A) the structural-functional approach
B) the symbolic-interaction approach
C) the social-conflict approach
D) the sociobiological approach

Question 47

In North America, an important medical issue is

A) a surplus of nurses.
B) a shortage of nurses.
C) the fact that many hospitals are going bankrupt.
D) doctors making less and less money.

Question 48

All of the following are criticisms of Talcott Parsons's approach to health and medicine EXCEPT?

A) It says little about the issue of prevention.
B) It places doctors rather than people in charge of health.
C) It assumes sick people can afford to take time off from work.
D) It implies that there are no objective standards of well-being.

Question 49

Social inequality affects a society's patterns of health.

Question 50

Of all high-income nations, which country relies the most on a direct-fee market system to pay for medical treatment?

A) Great Britain
B) Sweden
C) the United States
D) Japan

Question 51

Talcott Parsons described the physician-patient relationship as which of the following?

A) permanent
B) egalitarian
C) unpleasant
D) dysfunctional

Question 52

In which of the following nations is almost all medical care under the control of the government?

A) China
B) Great Britain
C) Japan
D) the United States

Question 53

Following the social-conflict approach, patterns of health and illness are seen largely as a product of

A) technology.
B) how people define the situation they experience.
C) how culture defines health and illness.
D) social inequality.

Question 54

Cultural patterns define what is or is not healthy.

Question 55

Which of the following is NOT true of Obama's plan for health care insurance in the United States?

A) Insurance companies can legally refuse to provide coverage to those with a pre-existing condition.
B) All families will pay an insurance tax.
C) Parents can use their health care plans to include children up to age 26.
D) Insurance companies cannot set caps on the amount of money they will pay to an individual for medical expenses over a lifetime.

Question 56

The concept "socialized medicine" refers to which of the following?

A) government insurance programs that pay for medical care
B) a medical system mostly owned and operated by the government
C) programs to improve health by giving people support groups
D) the gathering of similarly afflicted patients for group therapy

Question 57

Current research on human genetics promises all except which of the following?

A) to not just treat disease, but stop it before it develops
B) to give people information about their future medical condition
C) to allow parents to assess the health profile of a future child
D) to accomplish a great deal, except the eradication of genetic diseases like Huntington's or cystic fibrosis

Question 58

A symbolic-interaction approach to health and medicine emphasizes

A) the meanings people attach to health and illness.
B) social inequality in terms of health.
C) how societies must excuse ill people from most responsibilities.
D) the responsibilities of health care practitioners to their patients.

Question 59

From a social-conflict point of view, capitalism fails to support human health because

A) it does not encourage development of new medical techniques and technologies.
B) physicians have little financial incentive to work.
C) it makes quality of care dependent on income.
D) seeking sick pay, most workers don't try to get better.

Question 60

Fifty years ago, on average, few people in North America understood the dangers of cigarette smoking or excessive sun exposure.

Question 61

AIDS cannot be spread through sneezing.

Question 62

Genital herpes is a curable sexually transmitted disease.

Question 63

Eating disorders have much to do with how our society defines femininity.

Question 64

Anal sex is a behaviour that places people at higher risk for transmitting HIV.

Question 65

Social factors have little to do with cigarette smoking.

Question 66

Diseases such as heart disease and cancer are the leading killers in low-income nations.

Question 67

In much of the world, illness and poverty form a vicious circle, with each increasing the other.

Question 68

In Canada, people with higher incomes have a more positive assessment of their personal health than people with low incomes.

Question 69

General health and life expectancy tend to be lower for immigrants than for those born in Canada.

Question 70

Tobacco companies are increasing their sales in low-income nations, which lack strict regulations on the sale of cigarettes.

Question 71

People with more money to spend are more likely to become obese.

Question 72

About one month after being infected, most people with HIV begin to display symptoms.

Question 73

The World Health Organization claims half of all humanity suffers from illnesses caused by poverty.

Question 74

The world region with the highest rate of HIV infection is the Middle East.

Question 75

Industrialization gradually led to dramatic improvements in human health.

Question 76

Because of so many auto accidents, death rates among young people are much higher than they were a century ago.

Question 77

Social epidemiology is the study of how health and disease are distributed throughout a society's population.

Question 78

Worldwide, more than three billion adults smoke cigarettes.

Question 79

Over the course of the last century, an important health trend in North America has been a rising death rate from infectious diseases.

Question 80

Per capita, Canada was hardest hit by H1N1.