Deck 20: Blood Vessels

Question 1

A "coming together" of alternate pathways of blood vessels.

A) thoroughfare channel
B) vasa vasorum
C) metarterioles
D) vascular anastomosis
E) converging veins

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Figure 20.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the common carotid arteries.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Wide leaky capillaries found in bone marrow and spleen.

A) sinusoids
B) fenestrated capillaries
C) continuous capillaries
D) metarterioles
E) none of the above

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Figure 20.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the subendothelial layer associated with larger blood vessels.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

Figure 20.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the vessel that is easy to find in most people and is used to obtain blood.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 6

Figure 20.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the brachial artery.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

Figure 20.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates one of the primary arteries that contributes to the superficial palmar arch-the ulnar artery.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 8

Figure 20.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates a connective tissue layer consisting of longitudinal collagen fibers.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 9

Figure 20.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the common iliac artery.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

Figure 20.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the renal artery as it branches from the Abdominal aorta.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 11

Capillaries consist of only this layer.

A) tunica intima
B) subendothelial layer
C) tunica media
D) tunica externa
E) vasa vasorum

Question 12

Figure 20.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that is indicating endothelial cells.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

Structure that regulates blood flow into true capillaries.

A) metarteriole
B) thoroughfare channel
C) precapillary sphincter
D) sinusoids
E) fenestrations

Question 14

Figure 20.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the cephalic vein.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 15

Figure 20.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the vessel that arises from the union of the left and right brachiocephalic veins.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 16

Layer of blood vessels innervated by sympathetic vasomotor fibers.

A) tunica intima
B) subendothelial layer
C) tunica media
D) tunica externa
E) vasa vasorum

Question 17

Figure 20.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the layer common to all blood vessels regardless of their size.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 18

Figure 20.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the longest vein in the body.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 19

Figure 20.3
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the internal jugular vein.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 20

Figure 20.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the blood vessel layer that is comprised of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 21

Functionally, there are no valves in arteries (as opposed to in veins) because

A) valves direct blood only toward the heart and arterial blood passes away from the heart.
B) valves would tear apart from the high arterial pressure.
C) arteries get more atherosclerosis, so valves would cause lethal blood clotting.
D) the blood pressure in arteries is high enough that there is no backflow of blood.

Question 22

Precapillary sphincters allow blood to leave this structure and enter true capillaries.

A) sinusoids
B) fenestrated capillaries
C) continuous capillaries
D) metarterioles
E) none of the above

Question 23

In a capillary bed, relaxation of the precapillary sphincters causes more blood to flow

A) into the thoroughfare channels.
B) into the arterioles.
C) through the true capillaries.
D) through the metarterioles.

Question 24

Collective name for the structures that drain the cranium.

A) vascular anastomosis
B) dural sinuses
C) internal jugular vein
D) cavernous sinuses
E) inferior vena cava

Question 25

Two large (wide) arteries that have relatively superficial locations and are often wounded are the

A) aorta and the popliteal artery.
B) right and left coronary arteries.
C) brachial artery and posterior intercostal arteries.
D) common carotid artery and the femoral artery (in the superior thigh).

Question 26

If a physician cannot feel a pulse in the popliteal fossa, the ________ artery is most likely narrowed by atherosclerosis.

A) dorsalis pedis
B) femoral
C) fibular
D) greater saphenous

Question 27

Vessels of the small intestines, renal glomerulus, and synovial membranes that allow passage of fluid and solutes through "windows" in the endothelium.

A) sinusoids
B) fenestrated capillaries
C) continuous capillaries
D) metarterioles
E) none of the above

Question 28

A blood vessel that ranges from 0.3 mm to about 1 cm in diameter and has a large tunica media relative to the size of the lumen is

A) an elastic artery.
B) a muscular artery.
C) an arteriole.
D) a capillary.

Question 29

Which layer of blood vessels contains smooth muscle tissue?

A) tunica intima
B) tunica media
C) tunica externa
D) tunica adventitia

Question 30

The dorsalis pedis artery is located by

A) finding the head of the fibula and palpating inferior to its neck.
B) palpating between the first and second metatarsal.
C) placing the fingers behind the knee.
D) placing a finger behind the medial malleolus.

Question 31

Blood pressure is highest in the

A) elastic arteries.
B) arterioles.
C) veins.
D) capillaries.

Question 32

Present in most capillaries, these structures are absent in those of the blood-brain barrier.

A) tight junctions
B) endothelial cells
C) basement membrane
D) intercellular clefts
E) pericytes

Question 33

What artery enters the skull through the foramen spinosum and supplies the inner surface of the parietal bone, dura mater, and parts of the temporal bone?

A) internal carotid artery
B) middle cerebral artery
C) middle meningeal artery
D) basilar artery

Question 34

Most small molecules pass through a capillary wall through which route?

A) via direct diffusion through the endothelium
B) via pinocytotic vesicles
C) through intercellular clefts
D) through tight junctions

Question 35

Of the following, the only unpaired dural sinus is the

A) cavernous sinus.
B) superior sagittal sinus.
C) transverse sinus.
D) carotid sinus.

Question 36

Microvasculature that provides nourishment to the outer walls of the aorta.

A) tunica intima
B) subendothelial layer
C) tunica media
D) tunica externa
E) vasa vasorum

Question 37

The hepatic portal system has two distinct capillary beds separated by a portal vein. What are the functions of these two capillary beds?

A) The first picks up digested nutrients, and the second delivers these nutrients to liver cells.
B) The first nourishes the digestive tube, and the second picks up nutrients from the digestive tube.
C) The first provides oxygen to the liver, and the second picks up nutrients from the liver.
D) The first picks up toxins from the liver, and the second delivers them to the digestive tube for detoxification.

Question 38

Which vessel is missing in the following statement? "Tracing venous blood from the inferior left side of the posterior abdominal wall to the heart, we find that blood enters the posterior intercostal veins, the hemiazygos vein, the superior vena cava, and the right atrium."

A) the azygos vein
B) the hepatic portal vein
C) the inferior vena cava
D) the right brachiocephalic vein

Question 39

The pulse of the facial artery is palpated

A) anterior to the auricle of the ear near the temple.
B) anterior to the masseter muscle at the inferior margin of the mandible.
C) anterior to the sternocleidomastoid.
D) in the anterior triangle of the neck.

Question 40

An aneurysm is

A) a rupture in an artery.
B) a buildup of fatty deposits on an arterial wall.
C) a sac-like widening or outpocketing of an artery.
D) a stroke.

Question 41

Systemic venous blood that is oxygen-poor but contains the lowest concentration of nitrogenous wastes occurs in the

A) renal veins.
B) hepatic portal vein.
C) pulmonary veins.
D) umbilical veins of the fetus.

Question 42

The ________ delivers arterial blood to the rotator cuff muscles and thyroid gland.

A) axillary artery
B) costocervical trunk
C) thyrocervical trunk
D) vertebral artery

Question 43

Which vessel is most commonly used to bypass a damaged coronary artery in coronary bypass surgery?

A) azygos vein
B) great saphenous vein
C) femoral artery
D) internal carotid artery

Question 44

Which of the following is most likely to become a varicose vein?

A) the femoral vein
B) the saphenous vein
C) the popliteal vein
D) the fibular (peroneal) vein

Question 45

A common theme to the development of atherosclerosis is

A) a ballooning out of the vessel walls.
B) a failure of the venous valves resulting in engorged and twisted vessels.
C) an accumulation of glycoproteins in the basement membrane of capillaries.
D) an inflammatory response to a damaged endothelium.

Question 46

The cerebral arterial circle forms a loop around which structures?

A) the great vessels at the base of the heart
B) the internal and external carotid arteries
C) the cerebellum
D) the pituitary gland and the optic chiasma

Question 47

What prevents the backflow of blood in veins?

A) valves
B) the narrowed lumen
C) thick smooth muscle and elastic layers
D) increased blood pressure

Question 48

The internal carotid artery branches to form the

A) anterior cerebral, middle cerebral, and ophthalmic arteries.
B) facial, maxillary, and superficial temporal arteries.
C) middle meningeal and middle cerebral arteries.
D) posterior cerebral and posterior communicating arteries.

Question 49

What vessel in the fetus connects the pulmonary trunk to the aortic arch so that most of the blood bypasses the immature lungs?

A) ductus venosus
B) foramen ovale
C) ductus arteriosus
D) umbilical vein

Question 50

Most systemic venous blood is both oxygen-poor and nutrient-poor. However, systemic venous blood that is not oxygen-poor and is nutrient-rich occurs in

A) the renal vein.
B) superficial veins of the limbs.
C) the hepatic portal vein.
D) the pulmonary veins.

Question 51

The correct proximal to distal sequence of the three vessels branching from the aortic arch is

A) brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian.
B) brachiocephalic, left subclavian, left common carotid.
C) left common carotid, left subclavian, brachiocephalic.
D) left subclavian, left common carotid, brachiocephalic.

Question 52

The foramen ovale in the heart normally closes

A) in the 2-month fetus.
B) in the 7-month fetus.
C) shortly after birth.
D) never.

Question 53

The diameter of a typical capillary is similar to that of

A) a venule.
B) a sinusoid.
C) an erythrocyte.
D) a fat cell.

Question 54

Which of the following statements about arterioles is False?

A) They regulate the flow of blood to capillary beds through contraction and relaxation of the tunica media.
B) They redirect blood flow in a sympathetic response to skeletal muscle.
C) They can lead into metarterioles.
D) They have the largest content of smooth muscle in their tunica media.

Question 55

The major cause of atherosclerosis is due to the

A) formation of atheromas.
B) destruction of valves in veins.
C) lack of formation of anastomosis between vessels.
D) destruction of elastic fibers in artery walls.

Question 56

The abdominal aorta divides at its distal end into which arteries?

A) the femoral arteries
B) the internal iliac arteries
C) the external iliac arteries
D) the common iliac arteries

Question 57

Fenestrated capillaries

A) are located in the central nervous system.
B) have pores in their walls.
C) permit the movement of very few molecules.
D) occur in most of the organs of the body.

Question 58

The largest molecules that pass through the walls of typical capillaries are thought to use which route?

A) direct diffusion through the endothelium
B) pinocytotic vesicles
C) intercellular clefts
D) tight junctions

Question 59

Which branch (or branches) of the abdominal aorta supplies the stomach?

A) celiac trunk
B) superior mesenteric artery
C) inferior phrenic arteries
D) suprarenal arteries

Question 60

Which of the following statements about arteries is False?

A) Arterial walls are thicker than venous walls.
B) Arteries have a smaller lumen than veins of similar size.
C) Arteries carry oxygenated blood to the heart.
D) Arteries have more elastin than veins.

Question 61

The right gonadal vein drains into the

A) inferior vena cava.
B) internal iliac vein.
C) lumbar vein.
D) renal vein.

Question 62

All types of blood vessels contain a tunica intima.

Question 63

The extensor muscles of the forearm are supplied by which artery?

A) radial
B) posterior interosseous
C) ulnar
D) deep palmar arch

Question 64

Which of the following is not a branch of the celiac trunk?

A) left gastric artery
B) common hepatic artery
C) sigmoidal artery
D) splenic artery

Question 65

Phlebitis is

A) inflammation of a vein.
B) a condition characterized by excessively leaky capillaries.
C) cancer of the tunica intima.
D) ballooning of an artery.

Question 66

Which artery arises from the inferior part of the abdominal aorta and supplies the distal half of the large intestine?

A) gonadal artery
B) median sacral artery
C) superior phrenic artery
D) inferior mesenteric artery

Question 67

The circulatory route that runs from the digestive tract to the liver is called

A) coronary circulation.
B) pulmonary circulation.
C) hepatic portal circulation.
D) cerebral circulation.

Question 68

Which vessel is missing from the following statement? "Tracing blood that drains from the large intestine, we find that blood drains from the distal colon is collected in the inferior mesenteric vein, merges with the splenic vein then directed to the hepatic portal vein, the liver sinusoids, and the inferior vena cava."

A) celiac vein
B) umbilical vein
C) hepatic vein
D) azygos vein

Question 69

A preferred site to insert intravenous catheters is into the

A) brachial vein.
B) dorsal venous network of the hand.
C) great saphenous vein.
D) superficial palmar venous arch of the hand.

Question 70

In the adult, the hepatic portal system carries nutrients absorbed from the digestive tract to the liver. In the fetus, nutrients are absorbed at the placenta, and the vessel that carries these nutrients to the liver is the

A) hepatic portal vein.
B) placental vein.
C) umbilical vein.
D) internal iliac vein.

Question 71

Which arteries connect the basilar artery and the internal carotid artery forming the posterior aspect of the cerebral arterial circle?

A) genicular arteries that encircle the knee
B) posterior communicating arteries
C) ulnar artery that encircles the elbow joint
D) anterior communicating arteries

Question 72

By definition, veins are

A) vessels that carry blood toward the heart.
B) vessels that always carry nutrient-poor blood.
C) the only vessels that lead from capillaries.
D) vessels that carry oxygen-poor blood.

Question 73

Systemic blood pressure is regulated by adjusting the diameter of arterioles.

Question 74

All arteries carry oxygen-rich blood, whereas veins carry oxygen-poor blood.

Question 75

A dural sinus that contains a major artery and some cranial nerves within it is the

A) superior sagittal.
B) inferior sagittal.
C) cavernous.
D) transverse.

Question 76

Blood passing through the fetal ductus arteriosus bypasses the

A) lungs, left atrium, and ventricle.
B) pulmonary trunk and lungs.
C) right atrium and ventricle.
D) right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, and lungs.

Question 77

The main arteries of the sole of the foot-the medial and lateral plantar arteries-arise behind the ankle from which artery?

A) posterior tibial
B) fibular
C) saphenous
D) dorsalis pedis

Question 78

The lumbar veins drain the inferior posterior abdominal wall and direct oxygen-poor blood into the

A) superior vena cava.
B) internal iliac vein.
C) external iliac vein.
D) inferior vena cava.

Question 79

Which body tissues lack capillaries?

A) the myocardium and epicardium of the heart
B) tendons and ligaments
C) the lens and the cornea
D) bones

Question 80

The right suprarenal and gonadal veins drain into the inferior vena cava, whereas the left suprarenal and gonadal veins drain into the

A) superior vena cava.
B) other side of the inferior vena cava.
C) hepatic portal system.
D) left renal vein.