Deck 8: Special Senses

Question 1

Loss of the same side of the visual field of both eyes from damage to the visual cortex on one side only is called ________.

A) hemianopia
B) emmetropia
C) myopia
D) presbyopia

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The overlapping of the two visual fields that provides for depth perception (3-D vision) results in ________.

A) accommodation
B) convergence
C) binocular vision
D) refraction

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Using Figure 8.1, identify the following:
The tympanic membrane is indicated by ________.

A) Label F
B) Label D
C) Label H
D) Label I
E) Label J

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Using Figure 8.1, identify the following:
The stapes (stirrup) is indicated by ________.

A) Label E
B) Label I
C) Label A
D) Label H
E) Label F

Question 5

The region of the optic nerve lacking photoreceptor cells is known as the ________.

A) retina
B) optic disc (blind spot)
C) choroid
D) iris

Question 6

Using Figure 8.1, identify the following:
The pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube is indicated by ________.

A) Label J
B) Label A
C) Label I
D) Label F
E) Label D

Question 7

Using Figure 8.1, identify the following:
The auricle (pinna) is indicated by ________.

A) Label F
B) Label E
C) Label J
D) Label A
E) Label B

Question 8

Using Figure 8.1, identify the following:
The malleus (hammer) is indicated by ________.

A) Label F
B) Label E
C) Label A
D) Label C
E) Label J

Question 9

The external acoustic meatus (auditory canal) is a narrow chamber situated in the ________ bone.

A) frontal
B) sphenoid
C) temporal
D) occipital

Question 10

The ability of the eye to focus on close objects is known as ________.

A) accommodation
B) refraction
C) binocular vision
D) inversion

Question 11

Using Figure 8.1, identify the following:
The cochlea is indicated by ________.

A) Label I
B) Label G
C) Label E
D) Label A
E) Label B

Question 12

The biconvex structure that focuses light on the retina is the ________.

A) cornea
B) pupil
C) lens
D) iris

Question 13

The gel-like substance housed in the posterior segment of the eye is the ________.

A) aqueous humor
B) lens
C) vitreous humor (body)
D) cornea

Question 14

The innermost sensory layer of the eye that contains bipolar cells and ganglion cells is the ________.

A) choroid
B) retina
C) sclera
D) cornea

Question 15

The membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the eyelids is the ________.

A) choroid
B) sclera
C) conjunctiva
D) retina

Question 16

Using Figure 8.1, identify the following:
The semicircular canals are indicated by ________.

A) Label C
B) Label E
C) Label J
D) Label B
E) Label A

Question 17

The ________ gland is located above the lateral end of each eye and releases tears.

A) tarsal
B) ceruminous
C) lacrimal
D) ciliary

Question 18

Fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain at the ________.

A) convergence
B) optic radiation
C) optic tracts
D) optic chiasma

Question 19

The fibrous covering of the eye consists of the white outer layer, known as the ________, and a transparent portion known as the ________.

A) sclera; cornea
B) conjunctiva; sclera
C) iris; pupil
D) pupil; cornea

Question 20

The structure that divides the outer ear from the middle ear is a membrane known as the ________.

A) tympanic membrane (ear drum)
B) auricle (pinna)
C) vestibule
D) cochlea

Question 21

The five taste sensations are ________.

A) sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami
B) sweet, sour, bitter, pasty, gritty
C) sweet, sour, chewy, gritty, greasy
D) sweet, salty, spicy, bitter, gritty

Question 22

Which layer of the eye contains rods and cones?

A) sclera
B) retina
C) choroid
D) iris
E) optic nerve

Question 23

Tiny stones made of calcium salts that roll in response to changes in gravitational pull are called ________.

A) cupulae
B) otoliths
C) maculae
D) ossicles

Question 24

The cochlear nerve transmits impulses to the auditory cortex located in the ________.

A) frontal lobe
B) parietal lobe
C) occipital lobe
D) temporal lobe

Question 25

"Crossed eyes" resulting from unequal control of the external eye muscles is called ________.

A) anosmia
B) otosclerosis
C) strabismus
D) presbyopia

Question 26

The greatest visual acuity is housed in the ________.

A) optic disc
B) blind spot
C) ciliary body
D) vitreous humor
E) fovea centralis

Question 27

The three cranial nerves that carry taste sensations to the brain are ________.

A) facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus
B) hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal, facial
C) abducens, trochlear, oculomotor
D) hypoglossal, vagus, trigeminal

Question 28

The rounded opening of the iris through which light enters the eye is called the ________.

A) choroid
B) cornea
C) conjunctiva
D) pupil
E) retina

Question 29

The function of the choroid layer of the eye is to ________.

A) release tears onto the anterior surface of the eye
B) refract light and focus it on the retina
C) regulate the amount of light entering the eye
D) produce gross eye movements
E) prevent light from scattering inside the eye

Question 30

The transparent portion of the fibrous layer of the eye is the ________.

A) choroid
B) conjunctiva
C) cornea
D) retina
E) sclera

Question 31

________ deafness arises when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells in the spiral organ of Corti, cochlear nerve, or neurons in the auditory cortex of the brain.

A) Meniere's
B) Conduction
C) Sensorineural
D) Otosclerosis

Question 32

Dynamic equilibrium receptors that detect information about angular or rotational movements of the head are housed in the ________.

A) cochlea
B) vestibule
C) semicircular canals
D) oval window

Question 33

The pupil is an opening within the ________.

A) retina
B) iris
C) choroid
D) lens
E) sclera

Question 34

Select the pathway along which images received by the retina of the eye will travel into the brain ________.

A) optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, optic radiation, occipital lobe
B) cochlear nerve, optic disc, optic tracts, thalamus, temporal lobe
C) optic tracts, optic chiasma, optic nerve, thalamus, optic radiation, occipital lobe
D) optic nerve, optic radiation, optic tracts, hypothalamus, temporal lobe
E) vestibular nerve, optic disc, optic chiasma, optic tracts, thalamus, parietal lobe

Question 35

Which of the external eye muscles is controlled by cranial nerve VI (abducens)?

A) superior rectus
B) inferior rectus
C) lateral rectus
D) medial rectus
E) inferior oblique

Question 36

The type of chemoreceptor responsible for our sense of smell is called a(n) ________.

A) static equilibrium receptor
B) olfactory receptor
C) dynamic equilibrium receptor
D) photoreceptor

Question 37

The small, peglike projections of the tongue's surface are called ________.

A) maculae
B) papillae
C) otoliths
D) basal cells

Question 38

What gland releases tears onto the anterior surface of the eyeball?

A) ceruminous
B) sweat
C) mammary
D) lacrimal
E) tarsal

Question 39

The vibration of sound waves cause the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, to move against an ossicle known as ________.

A) malleus or hammer
B) incus or anvil
C) stapes or stirrup
D) otolith

Question 40

Vitamin A deficiency can lead to ________.

A) night blindness
B) presbyopia
C) cataracts
D) glaucoma
E) color blindness

Question 41

The inability to see distant objects is termed "nearsighted" or ________.

A) emmetropia
B) hyperopia
C) myopia
D) astigmatism
E) presbyopia

Question 42

Which one of the following correctly lists the order of the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye?

A) cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
B) aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor
C) vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor, cornea
D) cornea, lens, aqueous humor, vitreous humor
E) lens, aqueous humor, cornea, vitreous humor

Question 43

The pigmented portion of the eye that has a rounded opening through which light passes is the ________.

A) iris
B) lens
C) cornea
D) sclera
E) retina

Question 44

The aqueous humor of the eye is reabsorbed into venous blood through the ________.

A) inferior lacrimal canal
B) nasolacrimal duct
C) scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)
D) ciliary body
E) pupil

Question 45

The gel-like substance that reinforces the eyeball and prevents it from collapsing inward is the ________.

A) aqueous humor
B) ciliary body
C) choroid
D) vitreous humor (vitreous body)
E) scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm)

Question 46

Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the ________.

A) auditory tube
B) spiral organ of Corti
C) oval window
D) auricle
E) ossicles

Question 47

An ear infection following an illness such as a cold can pass from the throat through the auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube to the ________.

A) eardrum
B) semicircular canals
C) inner ear
D) middle ear
E) outer ear

Question 48

Which of the following is associated with the external (outer) ear?

A) auricle (pinna)
B) vestibule
C) semicircular canals
D) malleus
E) round window

Question 49

Hearing receptors within the spiral organ of Corti are called ________.

A) hair cells
B) rod cells
C) cone cells
D) Corti cells
E) ceruminous cells

Question 50

Our sense of static equilibrium is created by the ________.

A) vibration of the tympanic membrane
B) movement of otoliths along hair cells
C) transmission of light through the lens
D) sound waves traveling through the cochlea
E) stimulation of hair cells in the spiral organ of Corti

Question 51

Sound waves entering the external auditory canal hit the eardrum, also known as the ________.

A) tympanic membrane
B) pinna
C) auricle
D) oval window
E) ossicles

Question 52

Static equilibrium receptors are located in the ________.

A) semicircular canals
B) auricle (pinna)
C) cochlea
D) tympanic membrane
E) vestibule

Question 53

The auditory ossicle called the "anvil" is also known as the ________.

A) malleus
B) incus
C) stapes
D) bony labyrinth
E) cochlea

Question 54

Identify the pathway of vibrations as they travel from the tympanic membrane to the ossicles ________.

A) malleus, incus, stapes
B) incus, malleus, stapes
C) stapes, incus, malleus
D) malleus, stapes, incus
E) stapes, malleus, incus

Question 55

Which area of the retina lacks rods and cones and therefore does not detect images?

A) optic disc (blind spot)
B) optic nerve
C) choroid
D) fovea centralis
E) ciliary body

Question 56

What structure of the eye focuses light on the retina?

A) iris
B) sclera
C) lens
D) choroid
E) optic chiasma

Question 57

Which of the following is a sex-linked condition that more often affects males?

A) conjunctivitis
B) color blindness
C) night blindness
D) glaucoma
E) cataracts

Question 58

Dynamic equilibrium receptors are found in the ________.

A) cochlea
B) semicircular canals
C) malleus
D) oval window
E) vestibule

Question 59

Eyes suddenly exposed to bright light experience ________.

A) convergence
B) accommodation pupillary reflex
C) photopupillary reflex
D) eyestrain
E) hemianopia

Question 60

The three sets of color receptors within the retina are sensitive to wavelengths of visible light that are ________.

A) red, green, and yellow
B) red, blue, and yellow
C) green, yellow, and purple
D) orange, green, and purple
E) blue, green, and red

Question 61

The normal resting eye is generally "set" for distant vision.

Question 62

Which one of the following is NOT a primary taste sensation?

A) sweet
B) salty
C) pungent
D) bitter
E) sour

Question 63

Tarsal glands situated between the eyelashes release an oily secretion that lubricates the eye.

Question 64

Gustatory hairs are to taste as olfactory hairs are to ________.

A) sight
B) hearing
C) dynamic equilibrium
D) smell
E) both hearing and dynamic equilibrium

Question 65

An astigmatism results from unequal curvatures of the cornea or lens.

Question 66

The fusion of ear bones is known as ________.

A) hemianopia
B) strabismus
C) otosclerosis
D) presbycusis
E) otitis

Question 67

The visual pathway carries images to the occipital lobe of the brain for visual interpretation.

Question 68

Cones are photoreceptor cells that allow us to see gray tones in dim light.

Question 69

Which one of the following cranial nerves is NOT involved in either taste or smell?

A) facial nerve (VII)
B) vestibular (VIII)
C) glossopharyngeal (IX)
D) vagus (X)
E) olfactory nerve (I)

Question 70

We cannot see images formed on the optic disc (blind spot).

Question 71

The ciliary body is a smooth muscle structure to which the lens is attached.

Question 72

Stimulation of sour receptors occurs in response to ________.

A) lemons
B) mushrooms
C) sugar
D) salt
E) saccharine

Question 73

The pupil is the circular opening in the iris through which light passes.

Question 74

The age-related condition resulting from decreased lens elasticity is known as ________.

A) hemianopia
B) strabismus
C) presbyopia
D) myopia
E) hyperopia

Question 75

Which one of the following nerves serves the anterior tongue?

A) cochlear
B) vestibular
C) glossopharyngeal
D) vagus
E) facial

Question 76

The only special sense that is NOT fully functional at birth is ________.

A) taste
B) smell
C) vision
D) hearing
E) touch

Question 77

Which cranial nerve transmits hearing and equilibrium information to the brain?

A) abducens (VI)
B) oculomotor (III)
C) vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
D) trigeminal (V)
E) trochlear (IV)

Question 78

Eye movements are controlled by the abducens, oculomotor, and trochlear nerves.

Question 79

The choroid consists of an outer, pigmented layer and an inner, neural layer which is home to rods and cones.

Question 80

Sensorineural deafness occurs when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells of the ________.

A) semicircular canals
B) otoliths
C) ossicles
D) spiral organ of Corti or cochlear nerve
E) round window