Deck 2: Basic Chemistry

Question 1

An acid is a molecule that releases (donates) ________.

A) protons (hydrogen ions)
B) hydroxyl ions
C) neutrons
D) electrons

Answer 1

A

Question 2

An atom with 13 electrons will have ________ electrons in the valence shell.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 5
D) 8

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Polar molecules, like water, result when electrons are shared ________.

A) unequally between atoms
B) between ions
C) equally between atoms
D) or transferred between atoms

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Nerve impulses involve the flow of an electrical current, a type of energy known as ________ energy.

A) radiant
B) mechanical
C) electrical
D) chemical

Question 5

During a synthesis reaction, amino acids join to form ________.

A) carbohydrates
B) proteins
C) monomers
D) nucleic acids

Question 6

A nucleotide of DNA contain three components: ________, ________, and ________.

A) deoxyribose; a phosphate group; nitrogen-containing base
B) ribose; three phosphate groups; nitrogen-containing base
C) ribose; two phosphate groups; acid group
D) ribose; a phosphate group; nitrogen-containing base

Question 7

Matter is best described as ________.

A) having no mass
B) the ability to put matter into motion
C) anything that occupies space and has mass
D) the ability to do work

Question 8

Using Figure 2.1, identify the following:
Letter E represents a nucleic acid building block known as a ________.

A) monosaccharide
B) triglyceride
C) saturated fat
D) nucleotide

Question 9

Enzymes are examples of ________ proteins.

A) structural
B) globular (functional)
C) fibrous
D) alpha

Question 10

The most common element in the human body is ________.

A) carbon
B) oxygen
C) hydrogen
D) nitrogen

Question 11

The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of ________ an atom contains.

A) protons
B) neutrons
C) protons and neutrons
D) neutrons and electrons

Question 12

The complementary base to adenine in a molecule of DNA is ________.

A) guanine
B) cytosine
C) leucine
D) thymine

Question 13

Using Figure 2.1, identify the following:
Letter D represents the structure of a(n) ________.

A) monosaccharide
B) amino acid
C) triglyceride
D) steroid

Question 14

Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called ________.

A) monosaccharides
B) triglycerides
C) steroids
D) polysaccharides

Question 15

Unsaturated fatty acid chains contain one or more ________ bonds between carbon atoms.

A) peptide
B) double
C) triple
D) monosaccharide

Question 16

The pH scale is based on the number of ________ in solution.

A) neutrons
B) electrons
C) protons
D) hydroxyls

Question 17

Using Figure 2.1, identify the following:
Which letter represents a globular protein in its quaternary structure?

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a subatomic particle associated with an atom?

A) neutron
B) electron
C) proton
D) ion

Question 19

Using Figure 2.1, identify the following:
Which letter represents a carbohydrate polymer?

A) Label A
B) Label B
C) Label C
D) Label D
E) Label E

Question 20

Which property of water explains its ability to prevent sudden changes in body temperature?

A) cushioning
B) chemical reactant
C) polarity
D) high heat capacity

Question 21

The atomic number of sodium is 11 while the atomic mass number is 23. Which of the following is NOT True of an atom of sodium?

A) 11 protons
B) 8 electrons in the valence shell of a neutral sodium atom
C) 11 neutrons
D) 11 electrons
E) 1 electron in the valence shell of a neutral sodium atom

Question 22

The number of protons always equals the ________ in a neutral atom.

A) atomic mass number
B) number of electrons
C) number of neutrons
D) atomic weight
E) number of valence shells

Question 23

The growth of cells and repair of worn-out tissues is accomplished by ________.

A) decomposition reactions
B) catabolic reactions
C) hydrolysis reactions
D) synthesis reactions
E) neutralization reactions

Question 24

Which of the following contains sodium?

A) H₂O
B) NaCl
C) N₂
D) CH₄
E) H₂SO₄

Question 25

What is the atomic number of the atom in Figure 2.2?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 6
E) 12

Question 26

The subatomic particles that are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms are the ________.

A) protons
B) neutrons
C) electrons
D) isotopes
E) ions

Question 27

A molecule of methane, CH₄, is known specifically as a(n) ________.

A) compound
B) radioisotope
C) element
D) atom
E) anion

Question 28

Elements are composed of building blocks known as ________.

A) molecules
B) atoms
C) compounds
D) polymers
E) protons

Question 29

In order to break a disaccharide down into simple sugar units, ________.

A) water molecules must be added to each bond
B) water molecules must be removed from each bond
C) carbon atoms must be added to each bond
D) carbon atoms must be removed from each bond
E) water molecules and carbon atoms must be removed from each bond

Question 30

Isotopes have different numbers of ________; thus they also have different ________.

A) protons; atomic numbers
B) neutrons; atomic masses
C) electrons; atomic numbers
D) protons; atomic masses
E) neutrons; atomic numbers

Question 31

The movement of ions across plasma membranes is an example of ________.

A) radiant energy
B) chemical energy
C) electrical energy
D) mechanical energy
E) potential energy

Question 32

Which of the following leads to an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction?

A) increased temperature
B) large particle size
C) lack of catalysts
D) decreased temperature
E) few particles

Question 33

An atom with 6 protons, 7 neutrons, and 6 electrons shares four pairs of electrons with four other atoms. This atom is now considered to be ________.

A) a cation
B) an anion
C) a neutral atom
D) stable
E) an ion

Question 34

Which of the following elements is needed to make a functional hemoglobin molecule?

A) magnesium
B) iodine
C) iron
D) potassium
E) chlorine

Question 35

An atom of magnesium has lost two electrons. It is known as a(n) ________.

A) anion
B) molecule
C) isotope
D) cation
E) neutral atom

Question 36

An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Its atomic mass number is ________.

A) 2
B) 6
C) 8
D) 14
E) 20

Question 37

Which of the following is classified as an inorganic compound?

A) glucose
B) triglyceride
C) water
D) protein
E) steroid

Question 38

The atomic mass number of an atom is equivalent to the number of ________.

A) protons
B) neutrons
C) electrons
D) protons and electrons
E) protons and neutrons

Question 39

Which of the following may be used in PET scans as biological tracers that can be followed through the body?

A) nucleic acids
B) proteins
C) electrons
D) ions
E) radioisotopes

Question 40

What type of bond results when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another?

A) ionic bond
B) hydrogen bond
C) carbon bond
D) polar covalent bond
E) nonpolar covalent bond

Question 41

The reaction sucrose + water → glucose + fructose is an example of a(n) ________.

A) double replacement reaction
B) synthesis reaction
C) decomposition reaction
D) neutralization reaction
E) anabolic reaction

Question 42

Blood pH falls in a narrow range between ________.

A) 7.0 to 8.0
B) 6.0 to 8.0
C) 7.35 to 7.45
D) 7.15 to 7.25
E) 7.65 to 7.85

Question 43

Which of these vitamins is produced in skin upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin C
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin E
E) vitamin K

Question 44

Which statement best describes why ATP is an important nucleic acid in the body?

A) ATP is the storage form of glucose in the body.
B) ATP is a modified RNA molecule used to store genetic information.
C) ATP carries out the orders for protein synthesis issued by DNA.
D) ATP functions as a catalyst to increase reaction rates.
E) ATP provides a form of chemical energy all body cells can use.

Question 45

Which polysaccharide is formed of linked glucose molecules and stored in animal tissues?

A) ribose
B) cellulose
C) starch
D) glucose
E) glycogen

Question 46

The building blocks of a triglyceride are ________.

A) three fatty acid chains and one glycerol molecule
B) one fatty acid chain and one glycerol molecule
C) four interlocking rings of carbon and hydrogen atoms
D) amino acids
E) nucleotides

Question 47

Which of the following lipids is formed of four interlocking carbon rings?

A) phospholipid
B) cholesterol
C) triglyceride
D) trans fat
E) unsaturated fat

Question 48

Which of the following DNA base pairs is complementary?

A) adenine and guanine
B) guanine and uracil
C) thymine and guanine
D) cytosine and adenine
E) adenine and thymine

Question 49

Enzymes are ________.

A) carbohydrates
B) stable at high temperatures
C) biological catalysts
D) not reusable
E) required in large amounts in order to be effective

Question 50

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules is responsible for ________.

A) polarity
B) denaturation of proteins
C) enzyme structure
D) nonpolar covalent bonding
E) surface tension

Question 51

Two or more polypeptides chains combine to form a complex structure called a ________.

A) primary structure
B) beta-pleated sheet
C) secondary structure
D) tertiary structure
E) quaternary structure

Question 52

Exchange reactions in which an acid and a base interact are known as ________.

A) decomposition reactions
B) neutralization reactions
C) anabolic reactions
D) hydrolysis reactions
E) catabolic reactions

Question 53

Identify the nucleic acid.

A) oxidase
B) cholesterol
C) glucose
D) DNA
E) triglyceride

Question 54

Which of the following solutions is the weakest acid?

A) a solution with a pH of 2.4
B) a solution with a pH of 5.2
C) a solution with a pH of 6.4
D) a solution with a pH of 8.6
E) a solution with a pH of 10.1

Question 55

Saturated fats ________.

A) have two fatty acid chains
B) exist as solids at room temperature
C) are formed from four interlocking carbon rings
D) contain many double bonds
E) exist as liquids and are derived from plants

Question 56

Which carbohydrate is also known as blood sugar?

A) sucrose
B) glucose
C) ribose
D) deoxyribose
E) cellulose

Question 57

Which of the following statements about RNA is True?

A) RNA is a single nucleotide strand.
B) RNA is composed of the bases cytosine, guanine, adenine, and thymine.
C) RNA is found only in the nucleus of the cell.
D) RNA contains a sugar called deoxyribose.
E) RNA is the genetic material found within the cell nucleus.

Question 58

Which statement best describes fibrous proteins?

A) Fibrous proteins are the major source of stored energy in the body.
B) Fibrous proteins most often appear in body structures.
C) Fibrous proteins are the basis for all body steroids.
D) Fibrous proteins are spherical molecules.
E) Fibrous proteins are considered water-soluble proteins.

Question 59

A chemist experiments on a molecule with the formula of C₅H₁₀O₅. This compound is likely a(n) ________.

A) protein
B) triglyceride
C) enzyme
D) carbohydrate
E) nucleotide

Question 60

The organic compounds that function in building tissues and acting as enzymes are the ________.

A) nucleic acids
B) carbohydrates
C) salts
D) lipids
E) proteins

Question 61

Hydrogen bonds are very strong bonds that hold together water molecules.

Question 62

Electrolytes conduct electrical currents in solution.

Question 63

Inorganic compounds lack carbon and tend to be small, simple molecules.

Question 64

Which of the following is classified as a protein?

A) cholesterol
B) enzyme
C) glucose
D) triglyceride
E) RNA

Question 65

A molecule with the sequence of AUCGUCA should be categorized as ________.

A) ATP
B) an enzyme
C) RNA
D) DNA
E) a triglyceride

Question 66

Inactive or stored energy is called kinetic energy.

Question 67

Which of the following would be classified as an enzyme?

A) hydrolase
B) cholesterol
C) triglyceride
D) cellulose
E) ATP

Question 68

The lower the pH, the greater the number of hydrogen ions released by a chemical into solution.

Question 69

Which of the following statements about ATP is false?

A) ATP drives the transport of certain solutes (e.g., amino acids) across cell membranes.
B) ATP activates contractile proteins in muscle cells so that cells can shorten and perform mechanical work.
C) ATP provides the energy needed to drive energy-absorbing chemical reactions.
D) ATP is a modified nucleotide.
E) The phosphate groups of ATP are attached by high-energy hydrogen bonds.

Question 70

The four most common elements in the human body are oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen.

Question 71

What type of chemical bond is pictured in Figure 2.3?

A) nonpolar covalent bond
B) polar covalent bond
C) ionic bond
D) single covalent bond
E) double covalent bond

Question 72

The number of protons in an atom equals the atomic number for that element.

Question 73

Atoms that have lost or gained electrons during chemical bonding are known as isotopes.

Question 74

The building blocks of proteins are ________.

A) monosaccharides
B) nucleotides
C) amino acids
D) nucleic acids
E) fatty acids

Question 75

Neutralization reactions that occur between an acid and a base are a type of exchange reaction.

Question 76

Shell 1 of an atom can hold a maximum of ________ electron(s).

A) 1
B) 2
C) 4
D) 8
E) 18

Question 77

Water is the single most abundant inorganic compound in the human body.

Question 78

The nucleotide chains of DNA are held together by ________.

A) carbon bonds
B) hydrogen bonds
C) ionic bonds
D) nonpolar covalent bonds
E) polar covalent bonds

Question 79

What is the function of DNA?

A) DNA provides instructions for building every protein in the body.
B) DNA serves as a form of chemical energy that all body cells can use.
C) DNA serves as the most important fuel for body cells.
D) DNA carries out the orders for protein synthesis issued by RNA.
E) DNA increases the rate of a chemical reaction without becoming part of the product.

Question 80

Trans fats are oils that have been solidified by the addition of ________.

A) oxygen atoms
B) carbon atoms
C) hydrogen atoms
D) nitrogen atoms
E) phosphorus-containing groups