Deck 18: The New South and the New West, 1865-1900

Question 1

In the late 1800s,the South experienced major increases in the production of all of the following areas EXCEPT:

A)automobiles.
B)lumber.
C)tobacco products.
D)coal.
E)textiles.

Answer 1

automobiles.

Question 2

Women in the western territories and states were the last to get the right to vote.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The number of cotton mills in the South more than doubled between 1880 and 1900.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The Homestead Act of 1862 encouraged the development of thriving western farms.

Question 5

The Indian wars effectively ended with the capture of Geronimo,a chief of the Chiricahua Apaches.

Question 6

The postwar South suffered from an acute shortage of:

A)capital.
B)labor.
C)cotton.
D)domestic help.
E)water.

Question 7

Who was a prominent tobacco executive in the South during the late nineteenth century?

A)H.L.Mencken
B)Joe Camel
C)James Buchanan Duke
D)Henry Grady
E)Roy Bean

Question 8

By 1900,lumber in the South had surpassed textiles in value.

Question 9

The American Tobacco Company:

A)was based in Dallas,Texas.
B)was second only to the Bull Durham Company in cigarette production at the turn of the century.
C)dominated the U.S.tobacco industry by the twentieth century.
D)was the first such government-owned company in the United States.
E)was Virginia's largest industrial employer.

Question 10

The main goal in passing the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 was to swindle the Indians out of their remaining lands.

Question 11

The frontier Indian wars began with the closing of the frontier in 1890.

Question 12

Why was Alabama named the "Pittsburgh of the South"?

A)It was an iron center.
B)It had pirates.
C)It was Andrew Carnegie's birthplace.
D)It lacked racial segregation.
E)It had the same population size as Pittsburgh.

Question 13

Because of high cotton prices,many sharecroppers were able to save money and buy farms.

Question 14

The major champion of the New South gospel was:

A)J.L.M.Curry.
B)Henry W.Grady.
C)John Ruffin Green.
D)Edmund Ruffin.
E)C.Vann Woodward.

Question 15

King Cotton survived the Civil War and expanded over new acreage:

A)because traditional overplanting of the crop continued.
B)due to expanding its export market.
C)because the U.S.government now gave farmers new subsidies.
D)in spite of growing claims of collusion in the marketplace.
E)even as synthetic materials were invented in the 1890s.

Question 16

In the 1880s,southern politics remained surprisingly open and democratic.

Question 17

Proponents of creating a "New South" argued that the Confederacy lost the Civil War because:

A)slavery was unsustainable.
B)of its inept military leadership.
C)the Union embraced more desirable cultural values.
D)the southern elite were soft and undisciplined.
E)it relied too much on King Cotton.

Question 18

The New South gospel emphasized all the following EXCEPT:

A)industrialization.
B)sectional peace.
C)women's rights.
D)racial harmony.
E)better education.

Question 19

Proponents of the New South believed that the South should:

A)eliminate agriculture.
B)form a separate nation.
C)industrialize.
D)be dominated by planter aristocrats.
E)encourage immigration of cheap labor.

Question 20

In the crop-lien system,farmers could grow little besides cotton,tobacco,or some other staple crop.

Question 21

The Mississippi Plan:

A)guaranteed black voting rights.
B)stripped blacks' voting rights.
C)guaranteed black civil rights.
D)stripped blacks of their civil rights.
E)gave blacks confiscated land.

Question 22

Redeemers were all of the following EXCEPT:

A)conservative.
B)pro-business.
C)members of the Republican party.
D)white politicians.
E)members of the Democratic party.

Question 23

By the late nineteenth century,Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce Indians believed:

A)his people should resist white settlement to their very last man,woman,and child.
B)the time had come to stop fighting and put a stop to his people's needless deaths.
C)the Americans offered a superior way of life.
D)magic would save his people from defeat.
E)a massive alliance of Indians offered one last chance to turn back American settlement.

Question 24

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was:

A)declared constitutional.
B)placed under the jurisdiction of the court.
C)declared unconstitutional.
D)endorsed by the Democratic party.
E)replaced by the Civil Rights Act of 1876.

Question 25

The first great cowtown was:

A)Abilene,Kansas.
B)St.Louis,Missouri.
C)Fort Worth,Texas.
D)Butte,Montana.
E)Denver,Colorado.

Question 26

As many as 25 percent of the cowboys who participated in the Texas cattle drives were:

A)women.
B)African American.
C)Chinese.
D)children.
E)British.

Question 27

Following the 1867 "Report on the Condition of the Indian Tribes," Congress decided that the best way to end the Indian wars was to:

A)send in the army,under men such as George Custer,to break the morale of the Indians.
B)systematically kill most of the buffalo.
C)"Americanize" the Indians by offering them an education at the white man's schools.
D)persuade the Indians to live on out-of-the-way reservations.
E)allow Indians to follow old traditions such as the Ghost Dance.

Question 28

Why was the Fort Laramie Treaty,signed in 1851,significant to westward expansion?

A)It ended the Indian wars.
B)It removed the remaining Indians to reservations.
C)It allowed white emigrants to travel on the trails of Plains Indians unmolested.
D)It stated that Indian reservations could apply for statehood.
E)It limited white emigration to 10,000 people per year.

Question 29

Black migrants to the West were called Exodusters because:

A)most were ex-crop dusters.
B)they were often making their exodus from the South.
C)they carried exodermic infections.
D)most saw the West as an exotic destination.
E)their bodies were extremely dusty after the long trip.

Question 30

The very poor generally did not migrate to the West because:

A)western communities prohibited the settlement of poor people.
B)they had everything they needed in their native communities.
C)it was easier to migrate to the South.
D)they generally could not afford the expense of transportation,land,and supplies.
E)they were only qualified to work in factories.

Question 31

In the Battle at the Little Bighorn River in 1876:

A)General George Custer's troops defeated the Cherokee and Seminole Indians.
B)some 2,500 Indians annihilated a detachment of 210 soldiers.
C)Chief Red Cloud was captured and murdered.
D)Sioux and Cheyenne Indians won a large chunk of the Montana Territory,which they kept for fourteen years.
E)Sitting Bull scouted for the United States against his own people.

Question 32

Six states were created from the western territories in the years 1889-1890.These states were not admitted before 1889 because:

A)Democrats in Congress were reluctant to create states out of territories that were heavily Republican.
B)the lawlessness of many western towns discouraged Congress from admitting the territories as states.
C)polygamy,as practiced by the Mormons in the West,was unacceptable to Congress.
D)if large mining firms had been forced to pay state taxes,they would have had to close down.
E)the cattle ranchers lobbied for continued open range as regulated by the territorial legislatures.

Question 33

The Indian tribe that defeated Custer and put up the greatest resistance to U.S.domination was the:

A)Apache.
B)Comanche.
C)Crow.
D)Sioux.
E)Blackfoot.

Question 34

All of the following groups were prominent in the West during the late nineteenth century EXCEPT:

A)Exodusters.
B)cowboys.
C)slaves.
D)miners.
E)Indians.

Question 35

The Comstock Lode refers to:

A)a reservation set aside for Indians in Texas.
B)a mining discovery of gold and silver in Nevada.
C)a black disenfranchisement plan promoted by the Bourbons.
D)a cattle drive that ran through Ohio.
E)the largest mountain in the Rockies.

Question 36

Why was Helen Hunt Jackson's book A Century of Dishonor so influential?

A)It affected American attitudes toward Indians similar to how Uncle Tom's Cabin mobilized the abolitionist movement a generation earlier.
B)It provoked an intensification of efforts to exterminate the Native American population.
C)It forced the New South to acknowledge racial equality.
D)It mobilized black opinion to fight discrimination in the South.
E)It inspired the modern-day preservationist movement by focusing attention on the decline of the buffalo.

Question 37

"Cowtown" refers to:

A)the destinations of cattle shipped from the West.
B)the open ranges where cattle roamed free.
C)Indian trading depots where cattle were traded for other goods.
D)Chicago.
E)towns that grew up in the West as a result of the expanding cattle industry.

Question 38

In 1877,President Rutherford Hayes addressed the American approach to dealing with Native Americans,saying:

A)"we must kill the Indian in order to save the man."
B)"the only good Indian is a dead one."
C)"if we kill the bison,we control the Indians."
D)"Indians must be removed from tribes in order to progress."
E)"many,if not most of our Indian wars have had their origin in broken promises and acts of injustice on our part."

Question 39

What was the purpose of the Dawes Severalty Act?

A)It was designed to sever ties the Native Americans had with Canada.
B)It gave individual Indians up to 520 acres of land.
C)It made the Ku Klux Klan illegal.
D)It sought to "Americanize" Indians by dealing with them as individuals.
E)It made Native Americans U.S.citizens.

Question 40

What was a "fifty-niner"?

A)a cowboy on the verge of mandatory retirement at age sixty
B)a congressional representative from frontier district fifty-nine
C)someone in the 1870s who lived beyond the average life expectancy of fifty-eight
D)a miner who came to Colorado following several new discoveries made in 1859
E)someone who played for the first organized sports franchise based in California

Question 41

As railroads spread into Texas and across the plains,the cattle business:

A)spread with them.
B)diminished in significance.
C)went bankrupt.
D)experienced no significant impact.
E)was taken over by southerners.

Question 42

The historian Frederick Jackson Turner argued that:

A)the frontier shaped America's national character.
B)equality has always been this country's leading ideal.
C)America's culture is largely a copy of Europe's.
D)the United States would become the world's leading power.
E)America would have to find "new" Indians to conquer.

Question 43

The 1890 census reported that:

A)Indians still outnumbered whites in the West.
B)more people lived in big cities than in rural areas.
C)the frontier era in American development was over.
D)it would take several more generations to close the American West to settlement.
E)California had become the most populous state in the Union.

Question 44

In much of the nineteenth century,women in Texas were legally prohibited from:

A)serving on juries.
B)farming.
C)getting any education.
D)getting married.
E)suing for divorce.

Question 45

One might say that the West actually consisted of three frontiers: the miners',the cowboys',and the farmers'.What problems did each of these groups face?

Question 46

So many critical developments shaping politics,the economy,and society during the latter part of the nineteenth century were the products of unintended consequences.Identify two or three examples of unintended consequences and why they are important to understanding the history of this period.

Question 47

Describe the special problems that settlers on the frontier faced,focusing on the conditions that women faced as they settled in the West.

Question 48

What was the African American experience during the latter part of the nineteenth century? How did that experience vary depending on the region?

Question 49

The so-called frontier thesis is problematic because,among other things,it:

A)argued that the frontier was an insignificant force for American history.
B)exaggerated the homogenizing effect of the frontier environment and virtually ignored the role of women.
C)suggested the frontier could endure limitless expansion.
D)claimed Indians did more to shape the frontier than white settlers did.
E)said the American frontier experience was identical to the experiences endured by all developed nations.

Question 50

Joseph Glidden:

A)was a railroad man who reaped great profits from the early cattle drives.
B)perfected the invention of barbed wire.
C)made his fame as a buffalo hunter,slaughtering thousands of the animals.
D)led the sheep ranchers against the cattlemen for control of western grazing lands.
E)called for regulation of bonanza farms.

Question 51

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
Benjamin "Pap" Singleton

A)was editor of the Atlanta Constitution
B)made improved plow for plains farmers
C)a livestock dealer who helped establish Abilene,Kansas,as the first successful cowtown
D)the foremost promoter of black migration to the West
E)founded the American Tobacco Company
F)said that the Indian wars were the result of broken promises by Americans
G)wrote that the frontier had shaped the American national character
H)led the massacre of 200 Indians at Sand Creek
I)was a barbed-wire promoter
J)author of A Century of Dishonor

Question 52

The factor most responsible for making farming on the plains more difficult was its:

A)lush forestation.
B)vastness.
C)unforgiving environment and mercurial weather.
D)steep elevation.
E)wind storms.

Question 53

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
J.M.Chivington

A)was editor of the Atlanta Constitution
B)made improved plow for plains farmers
C)a livestock dealer who helped establish Abilene,Kansas,as the first successful cowtown
D)the foremost promoter of black migration to the West
E)founded the American Tobacco Company
F)said that the Indian wars were the result of broken promises by Americans
G)wrote that the frontier had shaped the American national character
H)led the massacre of 200 Indians at Sand Creek
I)was a barbed-wire promoter
J)author of A Century of Dishonor

Question 54

Describe the role of women in the New West.

Question 55

Describe the pattern of race relations in the South from the end of Reconstruction to 1900.

Question 56

Congress passed the Homestead Act:

A)because the big ranchers lobbied for it.
B)to encourage settlement of the western lands.
C)to encourage the railroads to build a transcontinental road out of the north.
D)to place Indians on reservations.
E)to build militias in Indian country.

Question 57

This export crop spurred growth in agriculture in the West during the late nineteenth century.

A)cotton
B)rice
C)corn
D)wheat
E)cattle

Question 58

The fight for survival in the trans-Mississippi West made men and women:

A)more equal partners than were their eastern counterparts.
B)have a mutual hatred for Native Americans.
C)come to an understanding that women would play a subservient role on the frontier.
D)realize their mistakes that led them to follow a very nomadic lifestyle.
E)mentally instable.

Question 59

Describe the government's policy toward Indians.How did this policy develop over the years,and what were the main factors that influenced its development?

Question 60

One of the goals of the New South prophets was a diversified agriculture.What factors stood in the way of this goal?

Question 61

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
Joseph Glidden

A)was editor of the Atlanta Constitution
B)made improved plow for plains farmers
C)a livestock dealer who helped establish Abilene,Kansas,as the first successful cowtown
D)the foremost promoter of black migration to the West
E)founded the American Tobacco Company
F)said that the Indian wars were the result of broken promises by Americans
G)wrote that the frontier had shaped the American national character
H)led the massacre of 200 Indians at Sand Creek
I)was a barbed-wire promoter
J)author of A Century of Dishonor

Question 62

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
James Oliver

A)was editor of the Atlanta Constitution
B)made improved plow for plains farmers
C)a livestock dealer who helped establish Abilene,Kansas,as the first successful cowtown
D)the foremost promoter of black migration to the West
E)founded the American Tobacco Company
F)said that the Indian wars were the result of broken promises by Americans
G)wrote that the frontier had shaped the American national character
H)led the massacre of 200 Indians at Sand Creek
I)was a barbed-wire promoter
J)author of A Century of Dishonor

Question 63

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
Frederick Jackson Turner

A)was editor of the Atlanta Constitution
B)made improved plow for plains farmers
C)a livestock dealer who helped establish Abilene,Kansas,as the first successful cowtown
D)the foremost promoter of black migration to the West
E)founded the American Tobacco Company
F)said that the Indian wars were the result of broken promises by Americans
G)wrote that the frontier had shaped the American national character
H)led the massacre of 200 Indians at Sand Creek
I)was a barbed-wire promoter
J)author of A Century of Dishonor

Question 64

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
James Buchanan Duke

A)was editor of the Atlanta Constitution
B)made improved plow for plains farmers
C)a livestock dealer who helped establish Abilene,Kansas,as the first successful cowtown
D)the foremost promoter of black migration to the West
E)founded the American Tobacco Company
F)said that the Indian wars were the result of broken promises by Americans
G)wrote that the frontier had shaped the American national character
H)led the massacre of 200 Indians at Sand Creek
I)was a barbed-wire promoter
J)author of A Century of Dishonor

Question 65

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
Henry Grady

A)was editor of the Atlanta Constitution
B)made improved plow for plains farmers
C)a livestock dealer who helped establish Abilene,Kansas,as the first successful cowtown
D)the foremost promoter of black migration to the West
E)founded the American Tobacco Company
F)said that the Indian wars were the result of broken promises by Americans
G)wrote that the frontier had shaped the American national character
H)led the massacre of 200 Indians at Sand Creek
I)was a barbed-wire promoter
J)author of A Century of Dishonor

Question 66

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
Joseph McCoy

A)was editor of the Atlanta Constitution
B)made improved plow for plains farmers
C)a livestock dealer who helped establish Abilene,Kansas,as the first successful cowtown
D)the foremost promoter of black migration to the West
E)founded the American Tobacco Company
F)said that the Indian wars were the result of broken promises by Americans
G)wrote that the frontier had shaped the American national character
H)led the massacre of 200 Indians at Sand Creek
I)was a barbed-wire promoter
J)author of A Century of Dishonor

Question 67

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
Rutherford B.Hayes

A)was editor of the Atlanta Constitution
B)made improved plow for plains farmers
C)a livestock dealer who helped establish Abilene,Kansas,as the first successful cowtown
D)the foremost promoter of black migration to the West
E)founded the American Tobacco Company
F)said that the Indian wars were the result of broken promises by Americans
G)wrote that the frontier had shaped the American national character
H)led the massacre of 200 Indians at Sand Creek
I)was a barbed-wire promoter
J)author of A Century of Dishonor

Question 68

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
Helen Hunt Jackson

A)was editor of the Atlanta Constitution
B)made improved plow for plains farmers
C)a livestock dealer who helped establish Abilene,Kansas,as the first successful cowtown
D)the foremost promoter of black migration to the West
E)founded the American Tobacco Company
F)said that the Indian wars were the result of broken promises by Americans
G)wrote that the frontier had shaped the American national character
H)led the massacre of 200 Indians at Sand Creek
I)was a barbed-wire promoter
J)author of A Century of Dishonor