Deck 24: The Reactionary Twenties

Question 1

With the Republicans in control of the federal government,progressivism disappeared in the 1920s.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

As a result of the Scopes trial:

A)Tennessee's anti-evolution law was declared unconstitutional.
B)the fundamentalist movement disappeared.
C)William Jennings Bryan's political career was revived.
D)John T.Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution.
E)Clarence Darrow's legal career faded into obscurity.

Answer 2

John T.Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution.

Question 3

Harding's secretary of the Treasury:

A)favored retaining the high wartime level of taxation to build up the public treasury.
B)favored a reduction of the high wartime level of taxation,but mainly for the rich.
C)favored a reduction of the high wartime level of taxation,but mainly for the poor and middle class.
D)persuaded Congress to drop the personal income tax instituted under Wilson.
E)supported calling in all loans to Europe.

Answer 3

favored a reduction of the high wartime level of taxation,but mainly for the rich.

Question 4

While Warren G.Harding presided over what can be argued as the most corrupt administration in American history,he was never personally linked to any official wrongdoing.

Question 5

The Budget and Accounting Act of 1921:

A)created chaos in the federal budget process.
B)caused a rift within the Democratic party concerning the budget.
C)formed a new Bureau of the Budget to streamline the process of preparing an annual federal budget.
D)imposed a tax to rewrite the budget process.
E)brought an end to state budgets.

Question 6

The result in the presidential election of 1920 might be attributed to:

A)the smear campaign directed against Democratic candidate A.Mitchell Palmer.
B)the fact that Americans in the 1920s were "tired of issues,sick at heart of ideals,and weary of being noble."
C)southerners who expressed their displeasure at President Wilson's policies by voting Republican.
D)the lack of women voters in that election.
E)all of the above.

Question 7

The biggest scandal of the Harding administration:

A)led to an attempt to impeach Harding that fell just four votes short of success in the House of Representatives.
B)concerned a corrupt U.S.customs official who had regularly allowed Chinese imports into the country duty-free.
C)was the impeachment of the attorney general for fraudulent handling of German assets seized after World War I.
D)was his fathering a child out of wedlock.
E)involved the leasing of government-owned oil deposits to private companies.

Question 8

Harding's secretary of the Treasury,who pushed tax cuts for the wealthy,was:

A)Herbert Hoover.
B)Andrew Mellon.
C)Charles Evans Hughes.
D)Albert Fall.
E)Calvin Coolidge.

Question 9

In his 1920 campaign for president,Warren G.Harding said the country needed a return to:

A)energetic government.
B)patriotism.
C)normalcy.
D)experimentation.
E)progressivism.

Question 10

The Smoot-Hawley Tariff raised import duties to an all-time high.

Question 11

The biggest scandal under President Hoover was the Teapot Dome affair of 1930.

Question 12

Parity,as used in this chapter,refers to farm prices.

Question 13

As president,Warren G.Harding was actually more progressive than Woodrow Wilson in his attitudes and policies toward African Americans and Jews.

Question 14

Herbert Hoover served as secretary of state.

Question 15

Warren G.Harding was shot by the assassin Charles Guiteau.

Question 16

Which one of the following is associated with Dayton,Tennessee?

A)Paul Gauguin
B)F.Scott Fitzgerald
C)the lynching of three Italian anarchists
D)the Scopes trial
E)Ernest Hemingway

Question 17

In the 1920s,many investors bought stocks on margin-that is,with borrowed funds.

Question 18

Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were:

A)convicted of bombing eight army supply trucks.
B)two Italian-born anarchists sentenced to death and executed even though there was doubt as to their guilt.
C)finally exonerated of the charges of payroll robbery and murder.
D)murdered by members of the Ku Klux Klan.
E)the New York Yankees' double-play combination during the 1920s.

Question 19

The progressive coalition that elected Woodrow Wilson president dissolved by 1920 for all the following reasons EXCEPT:

A)many of the progressive reforms still seemed unattainable.
B)intellectuals became disillusioned because of the anti-evolution movement.
C)intellectuals became disillusioned with the grassroots democracy of popular support for the Ku Klux Klan.
D)it was interested in restoring a "new era" of prosperity based on mass production and mass consumption.
E)Prohibition was widely unpopular.

Question 20

Robert M.La Follette said,"The chief business of the American people is business."

Question 21

Which of the members of Harding's cabinet was jailed for his role in the Teapot Dome scandal?

A)Charles Evans Hughes
B)Andrew Mellon
C)Henry C.Wallace
D)Calvin Coolidge
E)Albert Fall

Question 22

Robert M.La Follette's 1924 presidential campaign:

A)was supported by the Socialists and organized labor.
B)resulted in one of the best third-party showings in history.
C)was as candidate for the Progressive party.
D)is correctly represented by all of the above statements.
E)none of the above.

Question 23

Part of the reason for the stock market crash was the:

A)high rate of deflation in the 1920s.
B)tax policies of the 1920s that hurt the wealthy,who might otherwise have bought more stocks.
C)buying of great amounts of stock on margin.
D)low tariff,which allowed imports to corner several important American markets.
E)remarkably poor returns on government bonds in 1929.

Question 24

John W.Davis:

A)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1924.
B)invented the radio.
C)starred in The Jazz Singer.
D)was the first head of the Federal Communications Commission.
E)was one of the first great liberal Democrats.

Question 25

Who created the Federal Radio Commission?

A)Andrew Mellon
B)Robert La Follette
C)Warren Harding
D)Calvin Coolidge
E)Herbert Hoover

Question 26

The immigration quota laws passed in the 1920s:

A)favored immigrants from northern and western Europe.
B)encouraged Asians to immigrate to America.
C)set strict limits on immigration from Mexico.
D)rescinded the Gentlemen's Agreement accepted during Theodore Roosevelt's administration.
E)favored immigrants from southern and eastern Europe.

Question 27

In Texas,the Klan focused on:

A)terrorizing blacks.
B)terrorizing Jews.
C)imposing its severe view of righteous Protestant morality on others.
D)terrorizing immigrants.
E)terrorizing poor whites.

Question 28

Harding's administration is most remembered for:

A)the fact that he died while in office.
B)the poor state of the economy while he was president.
C)his promotion of the arts and culture.
D)the scandals that plagued it.
E)its overwhelming popularity with the American people.

Question 29

Which of the following was NOT a cause of the Great Depression?

A)Policy makers moved away from the gold standard.
B)Corporate structures had been bloated by the success of the 1920s but were unprepared for the tightening of the economy.
C)Andrew Mellon was overconfident in the power of market capitalism to right itself.
D)Much of the profit that had been taken during the 1920s had been put back into companies rather than saved or invested in other ways.
E)A decline in the public consumption of goods led to a lower rate of investment in new plants.

Question 30

Of all the causes of the stock market crash of October 1929,the greatest culprit was:

A)Hoover's tax policies.
B)the weak foundation of the 1920s economy.
C)international monetary policy.
D)unethical practices on Wall Street.
E)union influences on business.

Question 31

During the 1924 presidential election:

A)Robert M.La Follette barely won the nomination of a faction-ridden Republican party.
B)the Democratic candidate almost upset the Republican candidate.
C)Calvin Coolidge swept both the popular and electoral votes with decisive majorities.
D)A.Mitchell Palmer was the Democratic candidate.
E)Herbert Hoover challenged Coolidge for the Republican nomination.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT true of the McNary-Haugen plan?

A)It drew the rural South and West together in defense of agriculture.
B)It was passed by both houses of Congress but vetoed by President Coolidge.
C)It promised crops would be sold on the world market in order to raise domestic prices.
D)It was intended to raise domestic farm prices.
E)It was supported by Coolidge as a way to empower farmers.

Question 33

In the 1920s,labor unions:

A)won a number of important victories in the Supreme Court.
B)gained about 1.5 million members.
C)lost a substantial number of members.
D)were helped by the prosperity of the decade.
E)enjoyed the support of Republican presidents.

Question 34

The McNary-Haugen bill:

A)called for crops to be sold on the world market to raise domestic prices.
B)failed to pass Congress in 1922 but passed in 1927 with the support of President Coolidge.
C)effectively raised domestic commodity prices.
D)was viewed with derision by American farmers.
E)resulted in significant technological developments.

Question 35

The 1924 immigration law:

A)stopped the illegal flow of immigrants into the United States.
B)set strict yearly limits on the number of immigrants allowed into the country.
C)continued an open-door policy,whereby almost all new arrivals would be admitted.
D)encouraged immigration from Japan and China.
E)restricted immigration to those from eastern Europe.

Question 36

Coolidge's administration was marked by:

A)a continuation of the post-World War I economic slump.
B)continued tax breaks for the lower and middle classes at the expense of the upper class.
C)prosperity.
D)the creation of the Internal Revenue Service,which drastically reformed taxation formulas and duty lists.
E)a slow economic downturn.

Question 37

Of the following presidents,which one served as vice president?

A)Warren G.Harding
B)Calvin Coolidge
C)Herbert Hoover
D)Franklin D.Roosevelt
E)Woodrow Wilson

Question 38

During the 1928 presidential election,the Democrats nominated:

A)Franklin D.Roosevelt.
B)Herbert Hoover.
C)Rex Tugwell.
D)Alfred E.Smith.
E)Harry Truman.

Question 39

Despite the many well-founded criticisms of Warren G.Harding as president,he was a visionary for his era in the field of:

A)civil rights.
B)economic development.
C)government oversight.
D)business regulation.
E)bank development.

Question 40

In 1928,Democratic presidential nominee Alfred E.Smith was hurt by the fact that he was a(n):

A)New Yorker and a Roman Catholic.
B)boring public speaker.
C)member of the Ku Klux Klan.
D)supporter of Prohibition.
E)actor.

Question 41

Describe the setbacks experienced by unions in the United States during the 1920s.

Question 42

The Klan attracted all of the following groups EXCEPT:

A)clergymen.
B)engineers.
C)immigrants.
D)doctors.
E)lawyers.

Question 43

Who were the Ohio gang,and how did they impact the presidency of Warren G.Harding?

Question 44

What did Warren G.Harding mean by "normalcy"? Is that a good term to describe the 1920s?

Question 45

William Jennings Bryan:

A)believed evolution should be taught in science classes.
B)prosecuted John Scopes for teaching evolution in the Dayton,Tennessee,evolution case.
C)was the mayor of Dayton,Tennessee.
D)was a vocal supporter of the Ku Klux Klan.
E)advocated Prohibition.

Question 46

Describe Herbert Hoover's attempts at recovery in the first three years of the Depression.Which of his policies were effective? What more might he have done?

Question 47

How did farmers and veterans react to the Hoover administration's response to the Great Depression?

Question 48

What had the progressivism of the prewar period turned into by the 1920s? What factors led to this transformation?

Question 49

The tariff policy of the early 1920s:

A)made it easier for other nations to sell to the United States.
B)made it harder for other nations to sell to the United States.
C)made it easier for other nations to repay their war debts.
D)led Americans to cut back on loans and investments abroad.
E)had virtually no effect on the average American,but significantly limited businesses.

Question 50

How many people were out of work in early 1933?

A)12,000
B)120,000
C)1.2 million
D)12 million
E)1.2 billion

Question 51

Trace the rise of Calvin Coolidge to the presidency of the United States.

Question 52

Whose campaign pledge stated he would "safeguard" America first?

A)Al Smith
B)Herbert Hoover
C)Warren G.Harding
D)Eugene Debs
E)Theodore Roosevelt

Question 53

Unable to convict Al Capone on bootlegging charges,the federal government arrested him for:

A)illegal immigration activities.
B)drug trafficking.
C)contempt of Congress.
D)tax evasion.
E)prostitution.

Question 54

The amendment to the constitution that barred the manufacture or sale of intoxicating liquors was ratified in:

A)1911.
B)1932.
C)1928.
D)1931.
E)1919.

Question 55

Discuss the various causes of the stock market crash,paying particular attention to government policies that helped bring on the crash.

Question 56

Why might the decade of the 1920s be called "the decade of prosperity"?

Question 57

David C.Stephenson:

A)was the Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan.
B)was twice elected governor of Indiana.
C)was born into a family of sharecroppers.
D)supported the continuation of Prohibition.
E)was a graduate of the Naval Academy.

Question 58

Discuss how corruption during the Harding administration got so widespread.Survey the various scandals,and show the effects they had on the administration.

Question 59

Which amendment to the constitution is known as the Prohibition amendment?

A)Seventeenth
B)Eighteenth
C)Nineteenth
D)Twentieth
E)Twenty-first

Question 60

Andrew Mellon was Harding's:

A)secretary of the Treasury.
B)secretary of state.
C)secretary of war.
D)secretary of commerce.
E)attorney general.

Question 61

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
Andrew Mellon

A)was secretary of the Treasury
B)was critical of Hoover's "trickle-down" theory
C)was secretary of the interior
D)was Harding's secretary of state
E)died in 1923
F)endorsed the trade-association movement
G)was the Republican vice-presidential candidate in 1920
H)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1928
I)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1924
J)was the Progressive party presidential candidate in 1924

Question 62

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
Charles Evans Hughes

A)was secretary of the Treasury
B)was critical of Hoover's "trickle-down" theory
C)was secretary of the interior
D)was Harding's secretary of state
E)died in 1923
F)endorsed the trade-association movement
G)was the Republican vice-presidential candidate in 1920
H)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1928
I)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1924
J)was the Progressive party presidential candidate in 1924

Question 63

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
Albert Fall

A)was secretary of the Treasury
B)was critical of Hoover's "trickle-down" theory
C)was secretary of the interior
D)was Harding's secretary of state
E)died in 1923
F)endorsed the trade-association movement
G)was the Republican vice-presidential candidate in 1920
H)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1928
I)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1924
J)was the Progressive party presidential candidate in 1924

Question 64

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
Warren G.Harding

A)was secretary of the Treasury
B)was critical of Hoover's "trickle-down" theory
C)was secretary of the interior
D)was Harding's secretary of state
E)died in 1923
F)endorsed the trade-association movement
G)was the Republican vice-presidential candidate in 1920
H)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1928
I)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1924
J)was the Progressive party presidential candidate in 1924

Question 65

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
John W.Davis

A)was secretary of the Treasury
B)was critical of Hoover's "trickle-down" theory
C)was secretary of the interior
D)was Harding's secretary of state
E)died in 1923
F)endorsed the trade-association movement
G)was the Republican vice-presidential candidate in 1920
H)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1928
I)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1924
J)was the Progressive party presidential candidate in 1924

Question 66

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
Herbert Hoover

A)was secretary of the Treasury
B)was critical of Hoover's "trickle-down" theory
C)was secretary of the interior
D)was Harding's secretary of state
E)died in 1923
F)endorsed the trade-association movement
G)was the Republican vice-presidential candidate in 1920
H)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1928
I)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1924
J)was the Progressive party presidential candidate in 1924

Question 67

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
Calvin Coolidge

A)was secretary of the Treasury
B)was critical of Hoover's "trickle-down" theory
C)was secretary of the interior
D)was Harding's secretary of state
E)died in 1923
F)endorsed the trade-association movement
G)was the Republican vice-presidential candidate in 1920
H)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1928
I)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1924
J)was the Progressive party presidential candidate in 1924

Question 68

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
Robert F.Wagner

A)was secretary of the Treasury
B)was critical of Hoover's "trickle-down" theory
C)was secretary of the interior
D)was Harding's secretary of state
E)died in 1923
F)endorsed the trade-association movement
G)was the Republican vice-presidential candidate in 1920
H)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1928
I)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1924
J)was the Progressive party presidential candidate in 1924

Question 69

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
Robert M.La Follette

A)was secretary of the Treasury
B)was critical of Hoover's "trickle-down" theory
C)was secretary of the interior
D)was Harding's secretary of state
E)died in 1923
F)endorsed the trade-association movement
G)was the Republican vice-presidential candidate in 1920
H)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1928
I)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1924
J)was the Progressive party presidential candidate in 1924

Question 70

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the descriptions below.
Alfred E.Smith

A)was secretary of the Treasury
B)was critical of Hoover's "trickle-down" theory
C)was secretary of the interior
D)was Harding's secretary of state
E)died in 1923
F)endorsed the trade-association movement
G)was the Republican vice-presidential candidate in 1920
H)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1928
I)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1924
J)was the Progressive party presidential candidate in 1924