Deck 10: Decision Support and Expert Systems

Question 1

A private business might develop a linear regression model to estimate future sales based on past experience.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A small change in price per unit might result in a dramatic increase in sales,which means sales volume has a high sensitivity to product price.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Stock investment,weather forecasting,and medicine are domains of unstructured or semistructured decision making.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Most mathematical and physical problems are unstructured.

Question 5

A decision is easy to make when one option will clearly bring about a better outcome than any other.

Question 6

Neural nets have been very effective in detecting fraud of many types.

Question 7

Mathematicians call a sequence of steps a parameter.

Question 8

A good risk is a person or institution that is likely to default on a loan.

Question 9

In government work,an FIS allows a city clerk to bring up a map of the neighborhood of a resident,zoom in on the resident's house pictured on the map,click on the picture,and receive information such as real-estate taxes owed and paid over the past several years.

Question 10

A fixed variable model constantly changes.

Question 11

The terms "decision support systems" and "expert systems" are mentioned more and more frequently in recent years.

Question 12

Neural nets allow employees to bring up thousands of maps from a central repository on their own PCs.

Question 13

The majority of problems in the business world are structured.

Question 14

Artificial intelligence (AI)is so called because it focuses on methods and technologies to emulate how humans learn and solve problems.

Question 15

When one passenger on an airplane pays a third of what another paid for the same flight,this is the result of recommendations the airline receives from a DSS whose purpose is to maximize revenue.

Question 16

A DSS might use a database created specially for that system,but DSSs are usually linked to databases used for other purposes as well,such as purchasing,shipping,billing,and other daily transactions.

Question 17

Many government agencies offer decision support systems on the Web.

Question 18

You might be familiar with sensitivity analysis from using word processors.

Question 19

All DSS models are business-oriented.

Question 20

A GIS might be used to help a housing developer determine where to invest by tracking and displaying population changes on a map,highlighting in color increases of more than 10 percent over the past 3 years.

Question 21

A ____ is one that is neither fully structured nor totally unstructured.

A) half structured problem
B) limited structured problem
C) semistructured problem
D) superstructured problem

Question 22

Outcomes rarely respond in equal measure to changes in ____.

A) data sheets
B) parameters
C) indexes
D) units

Question 23

____ are an excellent tool for building both the data and the models that decision support systems need,and therefore they make excellent tools for building decision support software.

A) Spreadsheets
B) Data sheets
C) Data lists
D) Base lists

Question 24

An increasing amount of ____ in the financial services and many other industries are made automatically and in real time.

A) data automation
B) materials management
C) decision agenda
D) decision making

Question 25

When organizations use a supply chain management (SCM)or ____,the databases of such systems provide the data for the DSS.

A) document management system(DMS)
B) customer relationship management (CRM) system
C) geographic information system (GIS)
D) global positioning system (GPS)

Question 26

The majority of DSSs comprise three major components: a data management module,a model management module,and a ____.

A) full management module
B) global module
C) dialog module
D) diagram module

Question 27

As an increasing number of DSSs are available for use through the Internet,some ____ are especially designed to be compatible with Web browsers.

A) data management modules
B) information management modules
C) model management modules
D) dialog modules

Question 28

The ____ prompts the user to select a model,allowing the user to access the database and select data for the decision process or to set criteria for selecting such data.

A) model management module
B) data management module
C) information management module
D) dialog module

Question 29

A growing number of organizations implement software applications that produce decisions automatically and in ____.

A) real time
B) parallel
C) modules
D) line with forecasts

Question 30

A(n)____ is one for which there is no algorithm to follow to reach an optimal solution.

A) unstructured discussion
B) unstructured problem
C) structured problem
D) structured report

Question 31

Although the use of ____ typically increases with the level of management,the systems are used at all levels,and often by nonmanagerial staff.

A) accounting systems
B) CRM systems
C) SCM systems
D) DSSs

Question 32

Some companies offer ____ specifically designed to analyze shoppers' behavior at their sites based on captured data such as pages viewed,options clicked,and the sequence of pages shoppers view.

A) SCMs
B) GISs
C) data warehouses
D) DSSs

Question 33

____ or models might be unique to a certain industry or even to an individual business.

A) Patterns
B) Data sheets
C) References
D) Agendas

Question 34

Some models can be expressed as a curve,rather than a(n)____.

A) s shape
B) bell shape
C) straight line
D) step function

Question 35

A ____ is one that is automatically adjusted based on changing relationships among variables.

A) dynamically modified model
B) constantly modified model
C) fixed variable model
D) static model

Question 36

Among the general statistical models,a(n)____ model is the best-fit linear relationship between two variables,such as sales and the money spent on marketing.

A) exponential curve
B) linear regression
C) quadratic
D) logarithmic statistical

Question 37

A(n)____ is almost always affected by more than one parameter.

A) schema
B) impression
C) outcome
D) agenda

Question 38

For some banks,if your credit score is in the 500s or even 600s on a scale of ____,you are not considered a good credit risk.

A) 0-800
B) 350-850
C) 200-1000
D) 350-1000

Question 39

Businesses use ____ to analyze data.

A) models
B) documents
C) references
D) plans

Question 40

You should realize that some components of a computer-based decision aid,such as databases,might already be in place when a new ____ is developed.

A) DBMS
B) GIS
C) CAD system
D) DSS

Question 41

It is not always possible to exploit expertise by coupling quantitative data from a database with decision models,so in such cases,an ____ might be required.

A) experienced system
B) experimental system
C) expert system
D) expertise system

Question 42

Like other similar institutions,the American Stock Exchange (AMEX)has a special department to prevent ____ of the securities under its supervision.

A) inside training
B) insider trading
C) insufficient trading
D) insider tracking

Question 43

A ____ is a specific area of knowledge.

A) neural network
B) domain
C) domino
D) protocol

Question 44

HTML and ____,the primary languages used to compose and retrieve Web pages,support the presentation of pictures with marked areas,which makes them ideal for retrieval of marked maps.

A) XML
B) HTTP
C) SGML
D) SML

Question 45

You can use a DSS to perform ____________________ analyses on multiple parameters at the same time.

Question 46

Medical ____ help diagnose patients and suggest treatments.

A) expert systems
B) ERPs
C) model systems
D) data management modules

Question 47

In airlines,the purpose of ____________________ DSSs is to find the proper pricing to maximize the overall revenue from selling seats for each flight.

Question 48

General Electric Corp.developed a(n)____ that helps nonexperts to identify common metals and alloys outside laboratories.

A) prospector system
B) neural network
C) expert system
D) metalloy system

Question 49

A(n)____________________,is a computer-based information system designed to help managers select one of many alternative solutions to a problem.

Question 50

A DSS's ____________________ is a database or data warehouse that provides the data for the intelligence phase of decision making.

Question 51

When using a DSS or a(n)____,the user enjoys the knowledge and experience that have been accumulated by other people over many years.

A) accounting system
B) human intelligence system
C) expert system
D) human resource management system

Question 52

Mathematicians call a sequence of steps a(n)____________________ and the categories of data that are considered when following those steps parameters.

Question 53

A(n)____________________ is one in which an optimal solution can be reached through a single set of steps.

Question 54

Rather than containing a set of IF-THEN rules,more sophisticated ESs use programs called ____,which are designed to mimic the way a human brain learns.

A) neural networks
B) power rules
C) communication networks
D) sensitivity analysis

Question 55

Whenever more than one possible action is available,a(n)____________________ must be made.

Question 56

In the ____________________ phase of decision making,decision makers collect facts,ideas,and beliefs.

Question 57

____ are applications that combine features of two or more online applications.

A) Databases
B) Mashups
C) Spreadsheets
D) Graphics

Question 58

The part of the DSS that allows the user to interact with it is called the ____________________.

Question 59

To turn data into useful information,the system utilizes its ____________________,which offers a single fixed model,a dynamically modified model,or a collection of models from which either the DSS or the user selects the most appropriate one.

Question 60

Clicking different areas of a map can zoom in and out as well as bring up related information in the form of other maps or text,utilizing the ____ capabilities of the Web to the fullest.

A) hypertext
B) video
C) multimedia
D) hypergraphic

Question 61

Insurance companies use ____________________ nets to detect fraudulent claims both from the insured party and from health-care providers.

Question 62

What are the three major components of DSSs,and what do they do?

Question 63

Describe the three phases of decision making.

Question 64

How do DSSs help in Web site planning and adjustment?

Question 65

An ES is constructed with a set of rules,but as data on real successes and failures of decisions is accumulated and fed into the system,the ____________________ refines the rules to accomplish a higher success rate.

Question 66

How do DSSs help in tax planning?

Question 67

A(n)____________________ is developed to emulate the knowledge of an expert to solve problems and make decisions in a relatively narrow domain.

Question 68

A(n)____________________ is software that combines data that is input by the user with the data relationships stored in the knowledge base.

Question 69

In addition to diagnostic ____________________,some hospitals use systems that help discern which tests or other initial treatment a patient should receive.

Question 70

Expert systems and neural networks are two techniques researched and implemented in a field called ____________________.

Question 71

In most ESs,the knowledge base is built as a series of ____________________ rules.

Question 72

Give examples of structured and semistructured problems.

Question 73

Many banks use automated ____________________ aids to determine a client's creditworthiness.

Question 74

An ES uses a(n)____________________,which is a collection of facts and the relationships among them.