Deck 3: Nutrition Assessment - Foundation of the Nutrition Care Process

Question 1

A clinician has calculated a client's creatinine height index with a result of 78% of the suggested standard. Which description best illustrates these results?

A) ​Sufficient skeletal muscle
B) ​Mild skeletal muscle depletion
C) ​Moderate skeletal muscle depletion
D) ​Severe loss of skeletal muscle
E) ​Muscle exhaustion

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What percent of body weight does a clinician need to account for when measuring weight in a client who has had a hand amputation?

A) ​0.8%
B) ​1.8%
C) ​2.6%
D) ​3.1%
E) ​3.8%

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The USDA Multiple Pass Approach is a nutrition assessment method that is very similar to the:

A) ​food diary.
B) ​24-hour recall.
C) ​mini nutritional assessment.
D) ​food frequency method.
E) ​calorie count method.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which best describes the use of phase angle used in bioelectrical impedance analysis?

A) An additional measure of prognosis in many chronic conditions
B) ​The measurement of stature by using a calibrating device
C) ​The calculation of energy requirements from data obtained through skin-fold measurements
D) ​The measurement of oxygen consumed and carbon dioxide expired 
E) ​The percentage used to evaluate growth patterns relative to population standards

Question 5

Which BMI result is classified as being "overweight?"

A) ​22.9
B) ​23.9
C) ​24.1
D) ​25.9
E) ​30.8

Question 6

The BOD POD is also known as:

A) ​air displacement plethysmography.
B) ​dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.
C) ​bioelectrical impedance analysis.
D) ​hydrostatic weighing.
E) ​skinfold measurements.

Question 7

A patient reports that she has nausea after eating and often vomits at least once a day. This type of data is considered to be:

A) ​objective.
B) ​biochemical.
C) ​clinical.
D) ​anthropometric.
E) ​subjective.

Question 8

A dietetic clinician has measured the mid-upper arm muscle area in a 46-year-old female client. The result is 22cm. This result would be classified as:

A) ​obese.
B) ​adequate.
C) ​marginal.
D) ​depleted.
E) ​wasted.

Question 9

A patient decides that she will eat only while sitting at the kitchen table with family members. This is an example of which component of the subjective food- and nutrition-related history assessment?

A) ​behavior
B) ​food and nutrient intake
C) ​nutrition-related patient measures
D) ​physical activity and function
E) ​knowledge and beliefs

Question 10

Which best describes an advantage of using USDA Food Patterns?

A) ​They are a clear guide for preventing disease through nutrition
B) ​They are comprehensive and contain information about macro- and micronutrients
C) ​They can be paired with exercise analysis to promote weight loss
D) ​They are easy to access and quantify food consumed from each of the major food groups
E) ​They contain exchange lists for people with certain types of illness, such as diabetes

Question 11

Which best explains the food frequency data collection method?

A) ​The energy value of foods is calculated and totaled for each day
B) ​The client records the types and amounts of foods eaten each day
C) ​Foods are grouped and classified into a retrospective review of intake
D) A clinician reviews the types and amounts of foods a client has eaten in the last 24 hours
E) ​Foods are ranked on a numerical scale and the total numbers are calculated every 24 hours

Question 12

Determination of ____ involves an attempt to project potential nutrition problems based on the client's current health status.

A) ​nutritional risk
B) ​nutritional status
C) ​nutrition screening
D) ​nutritional assessment
E) ​nutrition recall

Question 13

A client weighs 165 lbs. and is 5 feet, 8 inches tall. The BMI for this client is:

A) ​24.5
B) ​25.1
C) ​26.0
D) ​27.2
E) ​28.7

Question 14

A clinician is calculating height using a knee height caliper. Which equation is most appropriate for use with a 26-year-old white male client?

A) ​73.42 + (1.79 x knee height)
B) ​95.79 + (1.37 x knee height)
C) ​71.85 + (1.88 x knee height)
D) ​58.72 + (1.96 x knee height)
E) ​59.01 + (2.08 x knee height)

Question 15

In 2012, approximately how many Americans were unable to purchase or acquire enough food to sustain their families?

A) ​3 million
B) ​12 million
C) ​21 million
D) ​36 million
E) ​49 million

Question 16

Data collected during the 24-hour recall is gathered:

A) ​retrospectively.
B) ​exponentially.
C) ​prospectively.
D) ​pronominally.
E) ​projectively.

Question 17

The most commonly used site for skin-fold measurements is the:

A) ​abdomen.
B) ​thigh.
C) ​triceps.
D) ​calf.
E) ​neck.

Question 18

The process of identifying patients who may have a nutrition diagnosis and who would benefit from nutritional assessment and intervention by an RD is defined as:

A) ​nutrition-focused physical examination
B) ​nutrition assessment
C) ​estimating nutrition needs.
D) ​nutrition screening.
E) ​calculating nutritional risk.

Question 19

____ is a test that measures body volume (density) and relies on the assumption that the density of fat mass and components of fat-free mass are constant.

A) ​Air displacement plethysmography
B) ​Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
C) ​Bioelectrical impedance analysis
D) ​Hydrostatic weighing
E) ​Skinfold measurements

Question 20

The ____ were established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to assist consumers in interpreting nutrition labeling information.

A) ​Daily Values (DV)
B) ​Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)
C) ​Adequate Intakes (AI)
D) ​Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL)
E) ​Estimated Average Requirements (ERA)

Question 21

A client has a white blood cell count of 5,000 with 20% lymphocytes. His total lymphocyte count would be:

A) ​100
B) ​500
C) ​1,000
D) ​5,000
E) ​10,000

Question 22

The total amount of energy required by an individual is the sum of which three components?

A) ​Basal energy expenditure, physical activity, thermic effect of food
B) ​Physical activity, resting energy rate, percentile weight for height
C) ​Basal energy expenditure, protein intake, thermic effect of food
D) ​Protein intake, physical activity, resting energy rate
E) ​Physical activity, adjusted body weight, protein intake

Question 23

For a patient suffering from a disease, but who is obtaining enough kcal each day, protein requirements should be met by providing ____ g/kg/day.

A) ​0.8
B) ​1.5
C) 1.8
D) ​2.0
E) ​2.4

Question 24

A client consumed approximately 40 g of protein in the past 24 hours. His 24-hour urine collection indicated a urine urea nitrogen of 12 g. His nitrogen balance would be calculated as:

A) ​9.6 g
B) ​4.2 g
C) ​-4.2 g
D) ​-9.6 g
E) ​-12.1 g

Question 25

The dietitian wants to determine Ms. Smith's protein status by checking her transferrin levels. Which level of transferrin would be considered within a normal range?

A) ​108 mg/dL
B) ​188 mg/dL
C) ​265 mg/dL
D) ​391 mg/dL
E) ​410 mg/dL

Question 26

____ is the examination of the body using the sense of touch.

A) ​Percussion
B) ​Palpation
C) ​Auscultation
D) ​Inspection
E) ​Production

Question 27

Which biochemical indicator would be used by the medical doctor to determine Ms. Smith's inflammatory status?

A) ​IGF-1
B) ​fibronectin
C) ​CRP
D) ​albumin
E) ​transferrin

Question 28

The percentage of blood that is composed of red blood cells is called:

A) ​mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration.
B) ​hematocrit.
C) ​transferrin saturation.
D) ​mean corpuscular volume.
E) ​protoporphyrin.

Question 29

Which type of food- and nutrition-data gathering method would be the most appropriate for Ms. Smith?

A) ​food frequency
B) ​24-hour recall
C) ​calorie count
D) ​food diary
E) ​carbohydrate exchange list

Question 30

Which best indicates a normal level of retinol-binding protein within 100 mL of blood?

A) ​1.8 mg/dL
B) 3.4 mg/dL
C) ​7.1 mg/dL
D) 9.0 mg/dL
E) ​12.3 mg/dL

Question 31

Which best describes the purpose of dynamometry?

A) ​To assess nutrition in relation to skeletal muscle function
B) ​To record an accurate measurement of blood pressure
C) ​To determine total visceral protein requirements
D) ​To assess strength in relation to physical activity
E) ​To compare MCH and MCHC values

Question 32

Which laboratory value is normally included as part of a chem-7 panel?

A) ​albumin
B) ​AST (aspartate aminotransferase)
C) ​direct bilirubin
D) ​total cholesterol
E) ​serum chloride

Question 33

Depending on Ms. Smith's physical limitations, the dietitian may need to measure and calculate her height using:

A) ​a stadiometer.
B) ​a knee-height caliper.
C) ​a tape measure.
D) ​a length board.
E) ​a weight-to-height scale.

Question 34

Which result would be an appropriate amount of fibronectin found in 100 mL of blood?

A) ​100 mg/dL
B) ​200 mg/dL
C) ​300 mg/dL
D) ​450 mg/dL
E) ​600 mg/dL

Question 35

The clinician calculates and interprets Ms. Smith's percent (%) unintentional weight change. The results are 13.6%. This is classified as:

A) ​mild.
B) ​moderate.
C) ​significant.
D) ​considerable.
E) ​severe.

Question 36

What percentage of total carbohydrate kcal should be provided as a substrate of 100% RMR?

A) ​10%-15%
B) ​20%
C) ​25%-35%
D) ​50%
E) ​55%-65%

Question 37

The guideline used to provide criteria for diagnosing specific types of malnutrition, including kwashiorkor, marasmus, and other severe PEM (protein-energy malnutrition) is called the:

A) ​Health and Wellness Nutrition Handbook.
B) ​Nutrition and Diagnostic Manual of Illness.
C) ​Dietary Reference for Disease Diagnosis.
D) ​Harris-Benedict Manual.
E) ​International Classification of Diseases.

Question 38

Which activity is an example of an instrumental activity of daily living?

A) ​personal hygiene and grooming
B) ​sexual activity
C) ​meal preparation
D) sleep
E) ​personal mobility

Question 39

A clinician is caring for a client who was recently diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma. Which type of visceral protein would most likely be elevated in this condition?

A) ​albumin
B) ​transferrin
C) ​retinol-binding protein
D) ​prealbumin
E) ​fibronectin

Question 40

Which condition is an example of chronic disease-related malnutrition?

A) ​closed head injury
B) ​anorexia nervosa
C) ​major infection
D) ​sarcopenic obesity
E) ​thermal burns

Question 41

A child with a weight-for-height percentage of >95% is classified as _______________.

Question 42

Even though it is commonly measured, hemoglobin is not the most sensitive or the most specific of hematological assessments of nutritional status.

Question 43

Alterations from normal anatomy and physiology that occur as a result of disease or injury are called _______________.

Question 44

When weighing a client, wheelchair and bed scales are not recommended due to problems with calibration.

Question 45

Reduced grip strength is an example of anthropometric data measured in the nutrition assessment.

Question 46

The ability to obtain adequate food to maintain an active, healthy lifestyle is called _______________.

Question 47

Advantages of the 24-hour recall method include short administration time, very little cost, and negligible risk for the client.

Question 48

It is accepted practice to measure body compartments in order to evaluate infants and children for appropriate growth.

Question 49

A limitation of using a stadiometer is that it is an estimation of maximum adult height and not actual, current height.

Question 50

_______________ refers to the likelihood that an individual who does not have a particular condition or disease will be correctly excluded when administered a test designed to detect that condition or disease.

Question 51

_______________ include(s) information that is obtained directly from the patient, family members, and any other caregivers, usually during interviews.

Question 52

In general, the _______________ are much more useful to the consumer purchasing groceries than the dietitian performing a nutrition assessment.

Question 53

During a 24-hour recall, the information is gathered _______________ from the client about food intake over the last day.

Question 54

One limitation of the creatinine height index is that its accuracy depends on a complete collection of urine for 24 hours.

Question 55

When a client is filling out a food diary, he or she should use cups, teaspoons, and tablespoons to provide accurate amounts.

Question 56

Today, in most developed countries, concern for nutritional status focuses on the effect of excessive intake of nutrients and energy.

Question 57

Another term for accuracy of data obtained through research and screening is _______________.

Question 58

The Joint Commission requires that all patients receive nutrition screening within 12 hours of their admission to a hospital.

Question 59

_______________ refers to the distribution of body components (e.g., muscle mass and body fat) as part of the total body weight.

Question 60

Just as the physical examination is the cornerstone of medical assessment, _______________ provides the foundation for the nutrition care process.

Question 61

Increased fecal loss of serum protein, especially albumin, causing hypoproteinemia is called _______________.

Question 62

Describe the food frequency method of nutrition data collection and list its advantages and disadvantages.

Question 63

List the equation for calculating total energy expenditure (TEE) and describe each of the three basic components of the formula.

Question 64

Equipment needed for skinfold measurement includes a _______________ and a skinfold caliper.

Question 65

Give the formula for calculating nitrogen balance.

Question 66

In healthy individuals, nitrogen _______________ should be equal to nitrogen intake.

Question 67

Explain how to measure height for a client who is unable to stand up. Describe the pros and cons of the various methods available for measuring height.

Question 68

_______________ involves scanning the body with radiation photons at two different energy levels.

Question 69

A clinical state characterized by edema, albuminuria, and decreased plasma albumin often caused by conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, renal vein thrombosis, or hypersensitivity to toxic agents is called _______________.

Question 70

Describe the function of protein and explain each of the following tests for assessing visceral protein in the body: albumin, transferrin, prealbumin, retinol-binding protein.

Question 71

Describe the formula for calculating adjusted body weight for a client who has had an amputation.

Question 72

_______________ protein refers to skeletal muscle.

Question 73

One MET is equivalent to energy expenditure while sitting quietly, which for the average adult approximates _______________ of oxygen uptake per kilogram of body weight per minute.

Question 74

Explain food insecurity and its impact on residents of the United States. List interventions that the clinician can implement to assist patients who have food security issues.

Question 75

Waist circumference of  ≥ _______________ inches for women is considered to be predictive of obesity and chronic disease risk in Caucasian, African-American, Hispanic, and Native-American populations.

Question 76

Give the formula for calculating BMI and list reference ranges.

Question 77

List the different categories of subjective information on the food- and nutrition-related assessment and give an example of each.

Question 78

Imagine you are a dietitian setting a client up with a food diary. Describe the process of collecting information and explaining important instructions needed to accurately complete this assessment.

Question 79

When the term _______________is used, it refers to a measurement of oxygen consumed by a patient who has gone without food for at least 12 hours and has been lying down with little movement in a constant-temperature environment overnight.

Question 80

_______________ is generally accepted as the most accurate method of measuring body composition.