Deck 12: Leadership and Followership

Question 1

Chester Cadieux, CEO of QuikTrip, focuses on employee satisfaction and will not tolerate egos' or abusive supervisors. To insure employees clearly understand QuikTrip's position on abusive supervision Cadieux stated which of the following?

A)"Aggressive managers' are valued but when they cross the line they clearly need to make amends and insure the line is never crossed again"
B)"QuikTrip employees expect and deserve intelligent, positive, considerate, factual supervision"
C)"QuikTrip employees do not deserve to work for an asshole, we cannot tolerate obnoxious, oppressive, abusive tyrannical despots"
D)B&C

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The most pronounced consequence of laissez-faire leadership tends to be:

A)high job satisfaction
B)the development of leadership at lower levels of the organization
C)an organization that is very flexible and responsive to external changes in the market
D)chaos in the work environment

Answer 2

D

Question 3

When considering the type of leadership style exhibited according to the behavioral theories, which of the following is most accurate?

A)The specific situation is important because the leader's style varies with each situation.
B)The emotional atmosphere of the work environment has not been associated with a particular leadership style.
C)Situational characteristics are not important because the leader's style does not vary over different situations.
D)Laissez-faire leadership is similar to the employee-centered or subordinate-centered approach to leadership.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Zaleznik's distinction between leaders and managers having contrasting personalities is similar to the distinction made between:

A)male and female leaders
B)charismatic and transformational leaders
C)transformational and transactional leaders
D)Delorean at General Motors and Cisneros as mayor of San Antonio

Question 5

The important underlying behaviors of the Ohio State leadership studies are:

A)autocratic and democratic
B)task-centered and concern for production
C)consideration and initiating structure
D)P-oriented and M-oriented

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a behavior of initiating structure?

A)organizing the work environment
B)establishing lines of communication and authority
C)assigning employees to tasks
D)encouraging mutual respect and interpersonal trust

Question 7

Which of the following statements best reflects the support for trait theories to identify universal distinguishing attributes of leaders?

A)Trait studies have identified physical attributes as being more important to leadership than personality or leader abilities such as intelligence.
B)When looking at physical attributes, height has been the indicator a leader attribute with universal generalizability.
C)Findings on traits as a basis for explaining leader effectiveness are neither strong nor uniform.
D)Trait theory studies have tended to conclude that there are strong implications for training and development rather then selection.

Question 8

When comparing autocratic leadership style to democratic leadership style, democratic leaders:

A)are more directive and less likely to allow follower initiative
B)force compliance to rules and procedures
C)do not closely supervise and allow employee initiative and decision making
D)require more structure in the work environment

Question 9

Trait leader theories focus on all of the following except:

A)intelligence
B)personality characteristics
C)physical attributes
D)situational characteristics

Question 10

You will undoubtedly find yourself in numerous leadership situations during your professional career.Accordingly, you should understand that:

A)leadership skills are innate and are very difficult to develop
B)leaders can emerge in any situation and they come from many different backgrounds
C)leadership skills can only be acquired through experience
D)only a few individuals are gifted with leadership abilities

Question 11

According to the Michigan studies on leadership, a work environment characterized by constant influence attempts on the part of the leader through closer supervision or written rules and regulations is likely the result of:

A)autocratic style
B)subordinate-centered style
C)employee-centered style
D)production-oriented style

Question 12

All of the following are autocratic leader characteristics except:

A)strongly controlling work relationships
B)explicit work orders and minimal follower flexibility in application of work rules
C)highly structured work situation and close supervision
D)employee-centered

Question 13

According to John Kotter, leadership (in contrast to management) entails:

A)planning and budgeting
B)organizing and staffing
C)problem solving
D)setting a direction for the organization

Question 14

A major difference between trait and behavioral theories of leadership is:

A)trait theories, unlike behavioral theories emphasize the leader as opposed to the situation
B)trait theories help organizations train and develop leaders rather than select them
C)trait theories emphasize personality & ability attributes versus actions and abilities
D)trait theories emphasize personality & ability attributes versus the characteristics of the followers themselves

Question 15

An important conclusion of the Ohio State leadership studies was:

A)training was more important than leadership climate in determining leader behavior
B)training was not an important determinant to leader behavior
C)changes in either leader attitudes or behaviors led to enduring changes in the work environment
D)leadership climate was a more important determinant of leader behaviors than was training

Question 16

According to Zaleznik's thinking on leaders as distinct personalities, leaders and managers differ along four different dimensions of personality.Which of the following is NOT one of those dimensions?

A)attitudes toward goals
B)relationships with others
C)sense of self
D)internal versus external orientation

Question 17

A major difference between the Michigan approach to leadership and the Ohio State approach was:

A)the Michigan studies used the LBDQ and the Ohio State studies did not
B)the Michigan studies sampled real managers whereas the Ohio State studies were conducted on students
C)the Michigan studies utilized thinking generated in the trait approach and the Ohio State studies did not
D)the Ohio State studies see the dimensions as coexisting where the Michigan studies see them as mutually exclusive

Question 18

Kotter suggests that leadership and management:

A)consist of very similar activities
B)involve the alignment of people to the overall direction of the organization through communication
C)involve the management of major change efforts within the organization
D)are two distinct, yet complementary systems of action in organizations

Question 19

Trait theories of leadership attempt to:

A)fit traits to various situations
B)emphasize the situation in classifying approaches to leadership
C)suggest leaders are born and not made
D)focus on leaders physical attributes, personality, and abilities

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT one of the leadership theory categorization factors?

A)traits
B)attitudes
C)behavior
D)contingency

Question 21

The variables used to determine the most appropriate leader behavior in House's path-goal theory are:

A)position power and leader-member relations
B)leader behavior style and follower style
C)authority and task characteristics
D)follower characteristics and task characteristics

Question 22

Fiedler recommends that managers, in order to be effective, should:

A)change their leadership style to fit the situation
B)carefully assess and diagnose the situation
C)adjust their position power
D)treat employees differently depending upon the task

Question 23

Fiedler would advocate which of the following in effecting a match of the leader to a favorable leadership situation?

A)leader behavior training
B)follower skill training
C)better selection and assignment of leaders
D)reengineer the situation

Question 24

According to Blake and Mouton and their Leadership Grid, a manager with a high concern for production and low concern for people would be in what position on the grid?

A)1,1
B)1,9
C)9,1
D)9,9

Question 25

Which of the following phrases reflects a new leadership style that has been added to the leadership grid?

A)"middle of the road"
B)"if it isn't broke, don't fix it"
C)"father knows best"
D)"If you aren't making mistakes, you aren't learning"

Question 26

According to the contingency theory developed by Fiedler, what is the most appropriate action where it is found there is a misfit between the leader and the situation?

A)Attempt to change the leaders behavior through training.
B)Remove the leader and replace him/her with someone that will result in a fit.
C)Reengineer the leader's situation to fit the leader's basic predisposition.
D)Develop better assessment techniques for leaders as well as group members.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT one of the leader behavior styles one can choose from when using the path-goal theory of leader effectiveness?

A)directive
B)participative
C)relationship-oriented
D)achievement-oriented

Question 28

Situational favorableness using Fiedler's model consists of which three dimensions?

A)initiating structure, position power, and leader-member relations
B)initiating structure, task structure, and position power
C)task structure, leader-member relations, and production orientation
D)position power, leader-member relations, and task structure

Question 29

According to the Leadership Grid approach to leadership, the manager who exerts just enough effort to avoid being fired would be consistent with what position on the grid?

A)9,9
B)5,5
C)1,1
D)1,9

Question 30

Blake and Mouton's Leadership Grid identifies the country club manager as someone who:

A)exerts minimal effort to get the work done
B)builds a highly productive work team
C)conforms to requirements and applies considerable pressure on employees to perform
D)creates a pleasing, happy work environment and applies minimal supervision

Question 31

Contingency theories of leadership, in determining appropriate leader behavior and style, focus strongly on:

A)follower characteristics
B)the importance and characteristics of the situation as well as particular traits
C)traits of the leader
D)task characteristics and work schedules

Question 32

As a supervisor, you find yourself in a situation where you have good relationships with employees, the task is structured, and you have and can exercise strong position power.Your leadership behavior and style should be:

A)employee-centered
B)very controlling with extremely close supervision
C)task-oriented
D)autocratic

Question 33

As a manager using Fiedler's approach to leadership, which of the following interventions would be most effective?

A)Insure that you recruit leaders with flexible leadership approaches.
B)When you find a misfit between the leader and the situation, provide the necessary training to remedy the lack of fit.
C)Constantly monitor leadership orientation through the LPC to detect any change in orientation.
D)Reengineer the situation to fit the leader's predisposition.

Question 34

The major difference between the Ohio State and Leadership Grid research is:

A)the Leadership Grid approach only addresses attitudes, not behavior
B)the Ohio State approach was primarily normative and prescriptive, with the Leadership Grid being descriptive and non-evaluative
C)the Ohio State studies concluded that a more relationship-oriented approach was more effective, and the Leadership Grid approach found that the organizational man was more effective
D)the Leadership Grid includes attitudinal overtones and is more normative and prescriptive

Question 35

According to the Michigan studies on leadership, which of the following statements regarding the emotional climate of the work situation is most correct?

A)Anxiety may be the result of either autocratic or democratic leadership styles.
B)Anxiety is associated with autocratic forms of leadership but not democratic styles.
C)The emotional climate of the work situation is not really affected by leadership style.
D)When evaluating the emotional impact of the respective styles, the characteristics of followers have little importance.

Question 36

The theories of leadership concerned with identifying the specific leader behaviors that are most effective in specific leadership situations would be:

A)trait theories
B)behavioral theories
C)contingency theories
D)transformational theories

Question 37

According to Fiedler's leadership research, high LPC (relationship-oriented) leaders are most successful in situations where:

A)leader-member relations are poor, the task is unstructured, and position power is weak
B)leader-member relations are poor, the task is structured, and position power is strong
C)leader-member relations are good, the task is unstructured, and position power is weak
D)leader-member relations are good, the task is structured, and position power is weak

Question 38

The LPC scale is:

A)an attitudinal scale that measures leadership style
B)a projective technique that evaluates the person a leader has least preferred to work with
C)highly reliable
D)an instrument that evaluates the type of person a leader likes least

Question 39

The impoverished manager is one who:

A)exerts just enough effort to avoid being fired.
B)creates a happy, comfortable work environment.
C)emphasizes efficient production.
D)maintains the status quo.

Question 40

According to Fiedler, the effectiveness of leaders is dependent on:

A)the favorableness of their situation
B)the least preferred coworker
C)task structure
D)position power

Question 41

According to the Vroom-Yetton-Jago normative decision model, all of the following are possible appropriate decision-making strategies except:

A)authoritative
B)democratic
C)laissez-faire
D)consultative

Question 42

The positive face of charismatic leadership is most strongly associated with:

A)personalized power motivation
B)socialized power motivation
C)situational contingencies
D)actions and behaviors

Question 43

Charismatic leadership:

A)is very different than transformational leadership
B)is based on actions and behaviors
C)becomes a very effective leadership approach when combined with personalized power motivation
D)has great potential for high levels of achievement but also risks of destructive courses of action

Question 44

The path-goal theory assumes that leaders:

A)adapt their behavior and style to fit the characteristics of the followers
B)adapt their behavior and style to fit the characteristics of the environment in which they work
C)structure the situation so as to best fit their leader style
D)adapt their behavior and style to fit the characteristics of the work environment and followers

Question 45

The Vroom-Yetton-Jago normative decision model helps leaders and managers know:

A)when to change the decision situation or style of the leader
B)how to identify what leadership style is most appropriate through the administration of the LBDQ
C)when to have employees participate in the decision-making process
D)how to focus on task characteristics, leader-member relations, or the position power of the leader

Question 46

Transformational leaders:

A)inspire and stimulate followers to high performance levels
B)use reward and punishment to shape employee behavior
C)rely on contractual arrangements to manage employees
D)use legitimate and reward power

Question 47

The basic idea behind leader-member exchange theory is:

A)followership is based on member perceptions of equity
B)leaders form two groups of followers (in-groups and out-groups)
C)leaders develop relationships with followers based on the principle of who does what and how much for whom
D)followership depends on the degree that a task is satisfying

Question 48

The path-goal theory of leader effectiveness by Robert House is based on:

A)the equity theory of motivation
B)the goal setting theory of motivation
C)the expectancy theory of motivation
D)McGregor's Theory Y approach to motivation

Question 49

Charismatic leadership rests greatly with _____ power.

A)legitimate
B)reward
C)referent
D)expert

Question 50

Transformational Leadership consists of 4 (four) dimensions: charisma, individualized consideration, inspirational motivation, and intellectual stimulation. Which of the following would be the strongest current indicator of inspirational leadership by Howard Schultz of Starbucks?

A)Create a European espresso bar concept
B)Develop a logo with the word "coffee" clearly identified on products (cups)
C)Clearly restate that Starbucks is in the coffee business
D)Paint a picture of what Starbucks' product stands for

Question 51

The key situational variable of the Hersey-Blanchard leadership model is:

A)task structure
B)type of power
C)maturity level of employees
D)leader-follower relationships

Question 52

Howard Schultz, CEO of Starbucks, in attempting to re-ignite Starbucks' emotional attachment with the Starbucks' brand and streamline the company's international expansion, is using his charisma along with inspirational motivation and intellectual stimulation to change Starbucks. This reflects what type of leadership?

A)Transactional
B)Leader-member Exchange
C)Path-Goal Leadership
D)Transformational

Question 53

In the Hersey-Blanchard leadership model, the leadership style most appropriate with very mature followers is:

A)autocratic
B)delegating
C)democratic
D)employee-centered

Question 54

The telling style of leadership in the Hersey-Blanchard leadership model entails:

A)consideration and low concern for the task
B)low concern of relationships and strong initiating structure
C)low relationship concern for task and employees
D)high consideration and task orientation

Question 55

The leadership approach which recognizes that leaders may form different relationships with followers is:

A)the substitute for leadership approach
B)followership theory
C)LMX theory
D)transactional theory

Question 56

Recent research on LMX theory has revealed the surprising result that:

A)increased communication between the supervisor and in-group members tends to lead to lower performance ratings
B)decreased communication between the supervisor and out-group members tends to lead to higher performance ratings
C)there was not any difference between in-group or out-group members on performance ratings when the communication between the supervisor and in/out-group members increased
D)increased communication between the supervisor and out-group members leads to lower performance ratings

Question 57

In the Hershey-Blanchard situational leadership model, maturity is determined by:

A)a follower's level of moral development
B)a follower's age and years of experience
C)a follower's emotional quotient or IQ
D)a follower's ability and willingness to accept responsibility for completing work

Question 58

A recent study applied the Vroom-Yetton-Jago normative decision model to the battlefield behavior of ten commanding generals in six major battles of the American Civil War.When the commanders acted consistently with the prescriptions of the model, they were more successful in accomplishing their military goals.The findings also suggested that:

A)leaders were most effective when they adapted their behavior and style to fit the characteristics of the followers
B)leaders who used visionary, transactional, and empowering behaviors while avoiding autocratic behaviors were most successful
C)leaders that lacked information sharing and consensus building resulted in serious disadvantages
D)similar to the conclusions of the leadership grid model of leadership, the one best approach to leadership is to balance the necessity to get work out while maintaining morale of people at a satisfactory level

Question 59

Transformational leaders have been found to:

A)inspire followers to perform beyond expectations
B)be someone who possesses superhuman, or even mystical qualities
C)think the same as transactional leaders
D)be more or less successful depending on the situation

Question 60

A recent study reviewed in the Science Feature of Chapter 12 compared data from 59 studies that investigated the impact of traits and behaviors on four leadership effectiveness criteria: leader effectiveness, group performance, follower job satisfaction, and satisfaction with leader. The conclusion(s) supported by this study include:

A)Leader behavior explained leadership effectiveness better than leader traits
B)Passive leadership or laissez-faire leadership was not effective in fact leaders are better off behaving in sub optimal ways than doing nothing at all
C)Task, relationship, and change leader behavior were most effective
D)All of the above

Question 61

Emotional intelligence is made up of all of the following competencies except:

A)higher cognitive functioning
B)self-awareness
C)adaptability
D)empathy

Question 62

A recent research area includes the dark side of leader behavior or abusive supervision and has been estimated to cost 23.8 billion due to increased absenteeism and reduced productivity. Abusive Supervision has been estimated to effect what percent of the U.S.workforce?

A)3.6%
B)8.6%
C)13.6%
D)18.6%

Question 63

Follower motivational training would be LEAST successful with:

A)survivors
B)sheep
C)yes people
D)alienated followers

Question 64

According to research on male and female leaders:

A)men are more likely to use transformational leadership
B)women have to rely on position power to be effective leaders
C)women tend to be personally power-driven rather than socially power-driven in the context of McClelland's two faces of power
D)women tend to use a more people-oriented style that is more inclusive and empowering

Question 65

With additional training and the development of a good supervisor-subordinate relationship, which of the following could most easily become a dynamic follower?

A)the alienated
B)the survivor
C)a sheep
D)a yes person

Question 66

Irene Rosenfeld, CEO of Kraft, was asked for her advice for women aspiring to be CEO; and what she said applies equally to men. Which of the following best reflects her recommendation(s)?

A)Constantly push the envelope and challenge business approaches
B)Take on challenging assignments and risky jobs
C)Be direct, toot your own horn, and ask for what you want
D)All of the above

Question 67

Felt trustworthiness refers to:

A)a form of emotional intelligence
B)the degree to which an individual translates perceptions of behavior into positive feelings regarding co-workers
C)the extent to which employees trust their leaders
D)the degree to which employees believe their boss trusts them

Question 68

In contrast to leadership, the topic of followership has:

A)been viewed as not highly differentiated versus leadership.
B)been viewed from a traditional perspective as active.
C)not been extensively researched.
D)not endorsed the view that the follower role is an active one with potential for leadership.

Question 69

The situational approach to leadership would lead to the conclusion that a global leader must factor in which of the following organizational attributes?

A)culture
B)differences between men and women
C)strategy
D)climate

Question 70

Authentic leaders are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:

A)high levels of hope
B)optimism
C)resilience
D)benevolence

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT a conclusion drawn by the text authors concerning the role and importance of leadership?

A)Different situations call for different leadership styles and behavior.
B)No two leaders are the same.
C)There is no one best leadership style but there are organizational preferences in terms of style.
D)Good leaders are not likely to be good followers.

Question 72

Dimensions used to classify followers include:

A)active/passive, critical/uncritical thinking, and independent/dependent
B)active/passive, dialectic/socratic thinking, and independent/interdependent
C)active/neutral, dialectic/socratic thinking, and independent/interdependent
D)active/passive, critical/uncritical thinking, and independent/interdependent

Question 73

Which of the following statements best characterizes emotional intelligence and leadership?

A)While most people gain emotional intelligence as they age, everyone starts with the same amount.
B)Leadership can be learned; unfortunately, emotional intelligence is given.
C)Emotional intelligence can be learned through honest feedback.
D)Leaders with low emotional intelligence don't necessarily make poor decisions or lose their effectiveness.

Question 74

The glass cliff refers to:

A)preventing women from taking on difficult leadership situations
B)men perceiving women as less suited to difficult leadership positions due to their lack of decision making experience
C)a trend in organizations to place more women in difficult leadership situations
D)women perceiving difficult leadership situations as situations to avoid due to inherent risk of failure

Question 75

The ability of a leader to create a vision and convince others to become a part of it, even skeptics, is known as:

A)transactional leadership
B)reality-distortion field
C)out-group leadership persuasion
D)the positive use of selling as reflected in the Situational Leadership Model

Question 76

Recent research on women's leadership suggest:

A)female leaders act out leadership as an individualized, interpersonal process
B)women use transformational approaches to leadership more frequently than transactional approaches to leadership
C)women use transactional approaches more frequently than transformational approaches
D)they do not develop unique relationships with employees independent of group membership

Question 77

Followers who tend to be passive but capable of independent and critical thinking are:

A)alienated
B)effective
C)sheep
D)survivors

Question 78

A multidimensional construct that includes transformational, charismatic, or transactional leadership as the situation might demand is known as:

A)Contingency Leadership
B)Authentic Leadership
C)Inspirational Leadership
D)Leadership Grid Approach

Question 79

According to Kotter, effective leadership produces useful change.

Question 80

Recent research on cultural similarity found that Mexico and Brazil:

A)had very similar values as other countries in the region
B)had very dis-similar values when compared to other countries in the region
C)had different preferences and that Brazilians preferred transformation leadership and Mexicans preferred transactional leadership
D)both preferred servant leadership