Deck 7: The Verbal Code: Human Language

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a restricted code?

A)A code wherein the options are limited as to what a speaker can say or do verbally.
B)A code wherein the options are unlimited as to what a speaker can say or do verbally.
C)A code wherein speakers can choose from among a variety of linguistic options to communicate.
D)A code wherein the symbol system is not generative.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Cultures that favor a succinct style of communication

A)prefer personalized and often exaggerated speech.
B)say no more or less than is needed.
C)value the use of concise talk and silence.
D)are usually individualistic and high context.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Culture,race,and language are historically distinct.A person's race does not determine what language he or she will speak.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The principle of linguistic determinism posits that the way one thinks is determined by the language one speaks.

Question 5

The rules and/or grammar of a language are called its

A)phonemes.
B)morphemes.
C)symbols.
D)syntax.

Question 6

The letters of a language's alphabet are symbols representing sounds,called phonemes.Phonemes are the smallest unit of sound in a language.

Question 7

A direct verbal style is often seen in high-context and collectivistic cultures and is one where the speaker's intentions are hidden or only hinted at during interaction.

Question 8

Cultures that favor an exacting style of communication

A)prefer personalized and often exaggerated speech.
B)say no more or less than is needed.
C)value the use of concise talk and silence.
D)are usually individualistic and high context.

Question 9

An instrumental style of communication is receiver and process oriented.

Question 10

Generative grammar is the idea that from a finite set of sounds and a finite set of rules,speakers of any language can create an infinite number of sentences.

Question 11

When using a direct style of communication

A)people communicate overt expressions of intention.
B)people only hint at their intentions.
C)true understanding is implicit and nonverbal.
D)people generate more sentences.

Question 12

Which of the following statements best describes an elaborated code?

A)A code wherein the options are limited as to what a speaker can say or do verbally.
B)A code wherein the options are unlimited as to what a speaker can say or do verbally.
C)A code wherein speakers can choose from among a variety of linguistic options to communicate.
D)A code wherein the symbol system is not generative.

Question 13

Which of the following statements best describes an instrumental style of communication?

A)A style where the quantity of talk is not emphasized.
B)A style where the quantity of talk is accented.
C)A style where messages are constructed to influence others and maintain one's face.
D)A style where messages are receiver and process oriented.

Question 14

A contextual style of communication tends to

A)amplify the individual identity of the speaker.
B)accentuate and highlight one's role identity and status.
C)be very direct and precise.
D)include the use of personal pronouns.

Question 15

Which of the following is the best definition of a symbol?

A)An arbitrarily selected and learned stimulus representing something else.
B)An arbitrary stimulus naturally connected to its referent.
C)An arbitrarily selected and learned phoneme that represents a morpheme.
D)An arbitrarily selected and learned morpheme that represents a phoneme.

Question 16

Which of the following statements best characterizes the concept of generative grammar?

A)From a finite set of sounds and rules,speakers of any language can create an infinite number of sentences.
B)From an infinite set of sounds and rules,speakers of any language can create a finite number of sentences.
C)From a finite set of sounds and rules,speakers of any language can create a finite number of sentences.
D)From an infinite set of sounds and rules,speakers of any language can create an infinite number of sentences.

Question 17

In cultures that employ a personal style,the social context dictates word choice,especially personal pronouns.

Question 18

All languages consist of a systematic set of morphemes,combined with a set of codes,for the purpose of creating meaningful phonemes.

Question 19

Chomsky argues that all human languages share a universal grammar that is innate in the human species and culturally invariant..

Question 20

Which of the following statements best characterizes the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?

A)A person's race and language are inherently linked.
B)The language of a particular culture is innately "hard-wired" in the people.
C)The way one thinks is determined by the language one speaks.
D)Language is inherently symbolic.

Question 21

High context collectivistic cultures generally prefer which type of communication styles?

A)Direct and instrumental.
B)Direct and affective.
C)Indirect and instrumental.
D)Indirect and affective.

Question 22

Which of the following statements best describes an affective style of communication?

A)A style where the quantity of talk is not emphasized.
B)A style where the quantity of talk is accented.
C)A style where messages are constructed to influence others and maintain one's face.
D)A style where messages are receiver and process oriented.

Question 23

What is the fundamental tenet of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and how have contemporary linguists reacted to it?

Question 24

Compare and contrast (do both)elaborated and restricted codes.

Question 25

Compare and contrast (do both)direct and indirect styles of communication.