Deck 5: The Perceptual Context

Question 1

Semantic long-term memory refers to

A)the preservation of auditory stimulation.
B)the type of information pertaining to the unique experiences of the individual.
C)the preservation of a person's general conceptual world.
D)the preservation of iconic stimulation.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Perception is defined as

A)the long-term cognitive processing of information.
B)the short-term cognitive processing of information.
C)the mental interpretation of external stimuli via sensation.
D)the cognitive interpretation of selective attention.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Ethnocentrism refers to a belief that one racial group is superior to others and that other racial groups are necessarily inferior.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Classifying,sorting,or arranging information into identifiable compartments that share certain features or characteristics is called

A)iconic perception.
B)sensory reproduction.
C)sensory replication.
D)categorization.

Question 5

Persons in cultures with little formal education tend to remember information based on its

A)uniqueness.
B)novelty.
C)organization of unrelated items.
D)functionality.

Question 6

Episodic long-term memory refers to

A)the preservation of auditory stimulation.
B)the preservation of information pertaining to the unique experiences of the individual.
C)the preservation of a person's general conceptual world.
D)the preservation of iconic stimulation.

Question 7

Ethnocentrism serves a valuable function when one's central group is under actual attack or threat of attack because it forms the basis for patriotism and the willingness to sacrifice for one's central group.

Question 8

The essential difference between short- and long-term memory is the type of information that is stored.

Question 9

Negative arousal,or anxiety,is also thought to interfere with the retrieval of information from long-term memory.

Question 10

Information in short-term memory is usually lost because of

A)sensory register errors.
B)olfactic stimulation.
C)iconic stimulation.
D)interference.

Question 11

Some psychologists believe that stereotyping is an automatic information-processing strategy,meaning that

A)stereotyping is an unintentional and/or instinctive activation of thoughts that have been learned through repeated stimulation.
B)stereotyping is intentional and requires the conscious attention of the information processor.
C)stereotyping is a subset of categorization with an added attitudinal component.
D)most people are innately prejudiced against people different from themselves.

Question 12

Persons in Western cultures tend to classify objects into discrete categories based on their similarity while persons in Eastern cultures tend to classify objects into categories based on their relationships.

Question 13

The function of the sensory register is

A)to store information long enough for an individual to decide which to process and which to ignore.
B)to store information long enough to categorize incoming information.
C)to encode sensation.
D)to encode iconic information.

Question 14

The illusory correlation principle refers to the tendency for people to see members of an out-group as less diverse and more stereotypic than the members of that group see themselves.

Question 15

Perceptual filters alter and change how humans interpret information physiologically,sociologically,and

A)genetically.
B)descriptively.
C)prescriptively.
D)psychologically.

Question 16

The first stage of information processing is the input stage,where raw information is taken in through the senses.

Question 17

Most cognitive psychologists argue that all people,regardless of culture,engage in categorization and that it is a necessary part of everyday life.

Question 18

One reason for cross-cultural differences in perception is due to

A)conditions in the physical environment.
B)short-term memory loss.
C)long-term memory loss.
D)interference.

Question 19

Although the amount of information stored in short-term memory is quite limited,it can be stored permanently.

Question 20

According to the Stereotype Content Model,an individual's stereotypes about others are based on the two judgments of warmth and competence.

Question 21

The perception that one's in-group is the center of everything whereby all other groups are scaled and rated with reference to the in-group is called

A)categorization.
B)stereotyping.
C)ethnocentrism.
D)authoritarianism.

Question 22

Ethnocentrism is a belief in

A)the moral or intellectual superiority of men over women.
B)the degree to which one sees his or her culture as superior.
C)the universality of racism.
D)the moral or intellectual superiority of one race over another.

Question 23

Describe the three stages of human information processing.

Question 24

Describe the difference between categorization and stereotyping.

Question 25

The tendency for people to see members of an out-group as less diverse and more stereotypic than the members of the in-group see themselves is called

A)the illusory correlation principle.
B)the out-group homogeneity effect.
C)the illusory homogeneity effect.
D)the out-group correlation effect.

Question 26

Define ethnocentrism and discuss its causes and effects.