Question 1

Which of the following factors is essential for an accurate and responsible critique of a research article or paper?&#10;A) Skill in statistical analysis&#10;B) Knowledge of the subject matter&#10;C) Familiarity with the conceptual framework&#10;D) In-depth comprehension of classic and current literature related to the study concepts

Accepted Answer

Knowledge of the subject matter

Question 2

Which level of understanding for critical reading is demonstrated by a reader who views the focus of inquiry from an integrated perspective,with a deep understanding of the interrelated sections of the study?

A) Analysis understanding
B) Synthesis understanding
C) Preliminary understanding
D) Comprehensive understanding

Synthesis understanding

Accepted Answer

Synthesis understanding demonstrates the ability to view the focus of inquiry from an integrated perspective and have a deep understanding of the interrelated sections of the study. Analysis understanding involves breaking down a text into its components, while preliminary understanding is the initial stage of comprehension. Comprehensive understanding involves having a thorough understanding of the text as a whole, but may not necessarily demonstrate the ability to view it from an integrated perspective.

Question 3

Which of the following statements in a research abstract or article identifies &#34;gaps&#34; in knowledge?&#10;A) &#34;Comparing the same individuals at ages 13 and 23, O'Malley and Bachman (1983) reported an increase in self-esteem.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;While 39% of people on the kidney waiting list are African American, only 23% of deceased donor organ recipients are African American.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Although grandparents are increasingly a focus in the literature on aging and older adults, very little attention has been given to experiences of grandfathers caring for grandchildren, with the experiences of men of colour in these roles receiving the least consideration.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;A significant portion of the morbidity and mortality associated with coronary heart disease is related to patient delay in seeking treatment for symptoms of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).&#34;

Accepted Answer

This statement identifies a gap in knowledge by pointing out that there is little attention given to the experiences of grandfathers caring for grandchildren, especially those who are men of colour. This suggests that there is a need for more research in this area to fill this gap in knowledge. The other statements do not identify gaps in knowledge but instead report findings or describe a problem.

Question 4

You find that the method of statistical analysis is not provided in a report of a qualitative research study.How would you describe this deficiency in your critique?&#10;A) Avoid all mention of the deficiency.&#10;B) Point out the deficiency as a major flaw in the presentation.&#10;C) List the deficiency as a limitation to the generalizability of the research findings.&#10;D) Assume that the investigators (authors) were not familiar with the research process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You find that the method of statistical...

Question 5

Which of the following activities or situations is a hallmark of critical reading?&#10;A) Checking the age of the author&#10;B) Clarifying unfamiliar concepts or terms&#10;C) Memorizing key sentences within the text&#10;D) Understanding the concepts at first reading

Accepted Answer

Clarifying unfamiliar concepts or terms is a hallmark of critical reading because it shows that the reader is actively engaging with the text and trying to understand it in a deeper way. Checking the age of the author or memorizing key sentences within the text are not necessarily indicative of critical reading, and understanding concepts at first reading may not always be possible or necessary for critical reading.

Question 6

In which section of a research report or study would unexpected findings be presented?&#10;A) &#34;Methods&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Discussion&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Conceptual Framework&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Review of Literature&#34;

Accepted Answer

Unexpected findings would be presented in the "Discussion" section of a research report or study, as this is where the researcher would interpret and analyze the results, and discuss any unexpected or surprising findings. The "Methods" section would describe the methodology used to conduct the study, the "Conceptual Framework" would lay out the theoretical or conceptual framework guiding the study, and the "Review of Literature" would summarize and synthesize existing research on the topic.

Question 7

In critical reading,which of the following stages of understanding is demonstrated by a reader who looks up unfamiliar terms and highlights main concepts?&#10;A) Analysis understanding&#10;B) Synthesis understanding&#10;C) Preliminary understanding&#10;D) Comprehensive understanding

Accepted Answer

This demonstrates preliminary understanding because the reader is trying to gain a basic understanding of the text by looking up unfamiliar terms and highlighting main concepts. They are not yet analyzing or synthesizing the information, nor have they reached a comprehensive understanding.

Question 8

In which section of a research report would you expect to find the following statement? "Despite efforts to improve the discharge-planning process and subsequent outcomes,existing mechanisms fail to identify elders' needs for follow-up care,and studies report rehospitalization rates rising from 12% to 50%" (Bull,Maruyama,& Luo,1995; Happ,Naylor,& Roe-Prio,1997; Lockery,Dunkle,Kart,& Coulton,1993).

A) "Introduction"
B) "Methods"
C) "Results"
D) "Discussion"

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Accepted Answer

This statement is likely found in the "Introduction" section, where the background and context of the research problem are discussed, including previous studies and existing issues.

Question 9

Which of the following is one of the first objectives of critically reading a research study report?&#10;A) To apply the research to practice&#10;B) To determine if the study is quantitative or qualitative&#10;C) To quickly critique the study&#10;D) To provide feedback to the author(s) of the research study

Accepted Answer

One of the first objectives of critically reading a research study report is to determine whether the study is quantitative or qualitative. This information can help the reader understand the methodology and approach of the study and interpret the results appropriately. While the other options may also be objectives of critically reading a research study report, they are not typically the first objective.

Question 10

A researcher conducts a qualitative study that examines the lived experience of those being diagnosed with breast cancer.A reader critiquing the report would expect to find that the report:&#10;A) presents the data in the form of narrative text.&#10;B) provides a detailed statistical analysis of study results.&#10;C) details independent and dependent variables.&#10;D) describes how the data related to tumour growth was analyzed.

Accepted Answer

Qualitative studies focus on collecting rich, detailed descriptions of experiences and perspectives. As such, a reader would expect the report to present the data in the form of narrative text rather than statistical analysis or descriptions of independent and dependent variables. Additionally, the reader would not necessarily expect information on how the data related to tumor growth was analyzed if that was not the primary focus of the study.

Question 11

Why should specific critiquing criteria be used to evaluate the usefulness of research articles?&#10;A) To enhance comprehension-level understanding&#10;B) To determine the reproducibility of the reported findings&#10;C) To ensure that all appropriate research steps have been implemented in the study&#10;D) To allow broader interpretation or application of the reported findings

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why should specific critiquing criteria be used...

Question 12

Which of the following research steps would you expect to see in the report of a quantitative research study but not in the report of a qualitative research study?&#10;A) &#34;Instruments&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Literature Review&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Data Collection&#34; procedures&#10;D) &#34;Discussion and Recommendations&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following research steps would...

Question 13

Which of the following strategies is most likely to facilitate comprehensive understanding of a research paper or article?&#10;A) Stating or restating the main theme of the article in your own words&#10;B) Evaluating the qualifications of the author as an expert in the field&#10;C) Examining the reference list to determine whether the literature cited is current&#10;D) Determining whether the content meets the criteria for each step of the research process

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following strategies is most...

Question 14

You were reading a nursing research article on comparing methods of teaching patients newly diagnosed with diabetes about self-administering insulin by injection.You found that you had to read the article four times before you were comfortable evaluating the accuracy and quality of the reported results.How would you interpret this situation?

A) You were reading the article too fast to comprehend key concepts.
B) The article is written at a level too high for your analytical skills.
C) You were probably using critical reading skills to analyze the article.
D) Your knowledge of diabetes is insufficient.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You were reading a nursing research article...

Question 15

In which section of a research report or article would you expect to find a detailed description of the instruments used to measure specific study variables?&#10;A) &#34;Problem Statement&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Methods&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Sampling&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Data Analysis&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which section of a research report...

Question 16

Which of the following is the best approach to use when reading a research report for the first time?&#10;A) Reading the entire article for specific content, then looking up cited journal articles.&#10;B) First reading the conclusions carefully and then skimming the rest of the article.&#10;C) Breaking the content into parts to understand each aspect of the study.&#10;D) Reading the title and abstract closely and then skimming the content.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the best...

Question 17

Which of the following situations or factors would result in an unfavourable critique of a research article or paper?&#10;A) There is no specific section titled &#34;Conceptual Framework.&#34;&#10;B) The discussion contains statements about the limitations of the study.&#10;C) The abstract contains information that is not reflected in the actual research paper sections.&#10;D) The description of author credentials indicates that one of the authors is prepared at only the master's level.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following situations or factors...

Question 18

In which section of a research report or study would the study sampling be presented?&#10;A) &#34;Methods&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Discussion&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Conceptual Framework&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Review of Literature&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which section of a research report...

Question 19

In critical reading,which of the following stages of understanding is demonstrated by a reader who determines that the findings of a study are appropriate to apply in his or her clinical practice?&#10;A) Analysis understanding&#10;B) Synthesis understanding&#10;C) Preliminary understanding&#10;D) Comprehensive understanding

Accepted Answer

The answer of In critical reading,which of the following stages...

Question 20

Which component of a research report is not appropriate for presentation in an abstract?&#10;A) The explanation of the purpose of the study&#10;B) The description of the reliability of the instruments&#10;C) The conclusion of the authors that hypothesis A was not supported&#10;D) The discussion that presents strategies for how the study could be strengthened

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which component of a research report is...

Deck 3: Critical Reading Strategies: Overview of the Research Process