Question 1

Which statement made by a lactating woman would lead the nurse to believe that the woman might have a lactose intolerance?&#10;A) &#34;I always have heartburn after I drink milk.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;If I drink more than a cup of milk, I feel bloated and have abdominal cramps.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Drinking milk usually makes me break out in hives.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Sometimes I notice that I have bad breath after I drink a cup of milk.&#34;

Accepted Answer

Abdominal cramps and bloating are consistent with lactose intolerance.One problem that can interfere with milk consumption is lactose intolerance,which is the inability to digest milk sugar because of a lack of the enzyme lactose in the small intestine.Milk consumption may cause abdominal cramping,bloating,and diarrhea in such people,although many lactose-intolerant individuals can tolerate small amounts of milk without symptoms.

Question 2

What should the nurse be aware of with regard to protein in the diet of pregnant women?&#10;A) Many protein-rich foods are also good sources of calcium, iron, and B vitamins.&#10;B) Many women need to increase their protein intake during pregnancy.&#10;C) As with carbohydrates and fat, no specific recommendations exist for the amount of protein in the diet.&#10;D) High-protein supplements can be used without risk by women on macrobiotic diets.

Accepted Answer

Good protein sources such as meat,milk,eggs,and cheese have a lot of calcium and iron.Most women already eat a high-protein diet and do not need to increase their intake.Protein is sufficiently important that specific servings of meat and dairy are recommended.High-protein supplements are not recommended because they have been associated with an increased incidence of preterm births.

Question 3

Which minerals and vitamins usually are recommended to supplement a pregnant woman's diet? A) Fat-soluble vitamins A and D B) Water-soluble vitamins C and B₆ C) Iron and folate D) Calcium and zinc

Accepted Answer

Iron generally should be supplemented,and folic acid supplements often are needed because folate is so important to the health of the fetus.Fat-soluble vitamins should be supplemented as a medical prescription,as vitamin D might be for lactose-intolerant women.Water-soluble vitamin C sometimes is consumed in excess naturally; vitamin B₆is prescribed only if the woman has a very poor diet.Zinc sometimes is supplemented.Most women get enough calcium.

Question 4

A woman in week 34 of pregnancy reports that she is very uncomfortable because of heartburn.What should the nurse suggest to the woman?&#10;A) Substitute other calcium sources for milk in her diet.&#10;B) Lie down after each meal.&#10;C) Reduce the amount of fibre she consumes.&#10;D) Eat five small meals daily.

Accepted Answer

Eating small,frequent meals may help with heartburn,nausea,and vomiting.Substituting other calcium sources for milk,lying down after eating,and reducing fibre intake are inappropriate dietary suggestions for all pregnant women and do not alleviate heartburn.

Question 5

A 22-year-old woman pregnant with a single fetus has a preconception body mass index (BMI)of 24.When she was seen in the clinic at 14 weeks of gestation,she had gained 2 kg since conception.How would the nurse interpret this?

A) This weight gain indicates gestational hypertension.
B) This weight gain indicates that the woman's infant is at risk for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).
C) This weight gain cannot be evaluated until the woman has been observed for several more weeks.
D) The woman's weight gain is appropriate for this stage of pregnancy.

Accepted Answer

The woman's weight gain is appropriate for this stage of pregnancy is an accurate statement.This woman's BMI is in the normal range.During the first trimester,the average total weight gain is only 1 to 2.5 kg.Although weight gain does indicate possible gestational hypertension,it is not a definitive diagnosis.The desirable weight gain during pregnancy varies among women.The primary factor to consider in making a weight gain recommendation is the appropriateness of the prepregnancy weight for the woman's height.A commonly used method of evaluating the appropriateness of weight for height is the BMI.This woman has gained the appropriate amount of weight for her size at this point in her pregnancy.Although weight gain does indicate risk for IUGR,it does not apply to this patient.

Question 6

Women with an inadequate weight gain during pregnancy are at higher risk of giving birth to an infant experiencing which of the following?&#10;A) Spina bifida&#10;B) Intrauterine growth restriction&#10;C) Diabetes mellitus&#10;D) Down syndrome

Accepted Answer

Both normal-weight and underweight women with inadequate weight gain have an increased risk of giving birth to an infant with adverse effects on growth and development.Spina bifida,diabetes mellitus,and Down syndrome are not associated with inadequate maternal weight gain.

Question 7

Which statement about acronyms in nutrition is accurate?&#10;A) Dietary reference intakes (DRIs) consist of recommended dietary allowances (RDAs), adequate intakes (AIs), and upper limits (ULs).&#10;B) RDAs are the same as ULs, except with better data.&#10;C) AIs offer guidelines for avoiding excessive amounts of nutrients.&#10;D) They all refer to green, leafy vegetables; whole grains; and fruit.

Accepted Answer

DRIs consist of RDAs,AIs,and ULs.AIs are similar to RDAs,except that they deal with nutrients about which data are insufficient for certainty (RDA status).ULs are guidelines for avoiding excesses of nutrients for which excess is toxic.Green,leafy vegetables; whole grains; and fruit are important,but they are not the whole nutritional story.

Question 8

A pregnant woman's diet history indicates that she likes the following list of foods.The nurse would encourage this woman to consume more of which food to increase her calcium intake?&#10;A) Fresh apricots&#10;B) Canned clams&#10;C) Spaghetti with meat sauce&#10;D) Canned sardines

Accepted Answer

Sardines are rich in calcium.Fresh apricots,canned clams,and spaghetti with meat sauce are not high in calcium.

Question 9

Which nutrient's recommended dietary allowance ( RDA )is higher during lactation than during pregnancy?&#10;A) Iodine&#10;B) Iron&#10;C) Vitamin A&#10;D) Folic acid

Accepted Answer

Needs for energy (calories),protein,calcium,iodine,zinc,the B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin,niacin,pyridoxine,and vitamin B₁₂),and vitamin C are greater during lactation than during pregnancy.Iron recommendation is lower during lactation than in pregnancy.Folic acid recommendation is lower during lactation than in pregnancy.Vitamin A recommendation is lower during lactation than in pregnancy.

Question 10

A woman has come to the clinic for preconception counselling because she wants to start trying to get pregnant in 3 months.What is the nurse's best response?&#10;A) &#34;Discontinue all contraception now.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Lose weight so that you can gain more during pregnancy.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;You may take any medications you have been taking regularly.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Make sure that you include adequate folic acid in your diet.&#34;

Accepted Answer

A healthy diet before conception is the best way to ensure that adequate nutrients are available for the developing fetus.A woman's folate or folic acid intake is of particular concern in the periconception period.Neural tube defects are more common in infants of women with a poor folic acid intake.Depending on the type of contraception used,discontinuing all contraception may not be an accurate statement.Losing weight is not appropriate advice.Depending on the type of medication the woman is taking,continuing its use may not be an accurate statement.

Question 11

Which of the following nutritional recommendations about fluids is accurate?&#10;A) A woman's daily intake should be eight glasses of water, milk, and/or juice.&#10;B) Coffee should be limited to no more than two cups, but tea and cocoa can be consumed without worry.&#10;C) Of the artificial sweeteners, only aspartame has not been associated with any maternity health concerns.&#10;D) Water with fluoride is especially encouraged because it reduces the child's risk of tooth decay.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following nutritional recommendations about...

Question 12

The nurse knows that maternal nutritional status is an especially significant factor that may influence the outcome of pregnancy because of which of the following?&#10;A) It is very difficult to adjust because of people's ingrained eating habits.&#10;B) It is an important preventive measure for a variety of problems.&#10;C) Women love obsessing about their weight and diets.&#10;D) A woman's preconception weight becomes irrelevant.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse knows that maternal nutritional status...

Question 13

Which of the following should the nurse teach a pregnant woman who is still playing tennis at 32 weeks of gestation?&#10;A) Increase fluid intake before, during, and after exercise.&#10;B) Include extra protein sources, such as peanut butter, in your diet.&#10;C) Eat salty foods to replace lost sodium.&#10;D) Eat easily digested sources of carbohydrate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following should the nurse...

Question 14

To prevent gastrointestinal upset,when should pregnant patients be instructed to take iron supplements?&#10;A) On a full stomach&#10;B) At bedtime&#10;C) After eating a meal&#10;D) With milk

Accepted Answer

The answer of To prevent gastrointestinal upset,when should pregnant patients...

Question 15

How should the nurse advise a pregnant woman who is experiencing nausea and vomiting?&#10;A) Drink a glass of water with a fat-free carbohydrate before getting out of bed in the morning.&#10;B) Eat small, frequent meals (every 2 to 3 hours).&#10;C) Increase intake of high-fat foods to keep the stomach full and coated.&#10;D) Limit fluid intake throughout the day.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How should the nurse advise a pregnant...

Question 16

After the nurse completes nutritional counselling for a pregnant woman,which statement indicates that she understands the role of protein in her pregnancy?&#10;A) &#34;Protein will help my baby grow.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Eating protein will prevent me from becoming anemic.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Eating protein will make my baby have strong teeth after he is born.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;Eating protein will prevent me from being diabetic.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of After the nurse completes nutritional counselling for...

Question 17

A 27-year-old pregnant woman had a preconception body mass index (BMI)of 18.0.Which of the following would be within normal range for her total recommended weight gain during pregnancy?&#10;A) 20 kg&#10;B) 17 kg&#10;C) 12.5 kg&#10;D) 10 kg

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 27-year-old pregnant woman had a preconception...

Question 18

Which meal would provide the most absorbable iron?&#10;A) Toasted cheese sandwich, celery sticks, tomato slices, and a grape drink&#10;B) Oatmeal, whole wheat toast, jelly, and low-fat milk&#10;C) Black bean soup, wheat crackers, dried apricots, and prunes&#10;D) Red beans and rice, cornbread, mixed greens, and decaffeinated tea

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which meal would provide the most absorbable...

Question 19

A pregnant woman's diet consists almost entirely of whole-grain breads and cereals,fruits,and vegetables.The nurse would be most concerned about this woman's intake of which of the following? A) Calcium B) Protein C) Vitamin B₁₂ D) Folic acid

Accepted Answer

The answer of A pregnant woman's diet consists almost entirely...

Question 20

What are pregnant adolescents at high risk for,related to their lower body mass indices (BMIs)and &#34;fad&#34; dieting practices?&#10;A) Obesity&#10;B) Diabetes&#10;C) Low-birth-weight babies&#10;D) High-birth-weight babies

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are pregnant adolescents at high risk...

Question 21

Which of the following should the nurse be aware of with regard to nutritional needs during lactation?&#10;A) The mother's intake of vitamin C, zinc, and protein now can be lower than during pregnancy.&#10;B) Caffeine consumed by the mother accumulates in the infant, who therefore may be unusually active and wakeful.&#10;C) Critical iron and folic acid levels must be maintained.&#10;D) Lactating women can go back to their prepregnant calorie intake.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following should the nurse...

Question 22

While completing the physical assessment of the pregnant patient,the nurse can evaluate the patient's nutritional status by observing a number of physical signs.Which sign would indicate that the patient has unmet nutritional needs?

A) Normal heart rate, rhythm, and blood pressure
B) Bright, clear, shiny eyes
C) Alert, responsive, and good endurance
D) Edema, tender calves, and tingling

Accepted Answer

The answer of While completing the physical assessment of the...

Question 23

What might a nurse suggest to help a woman reduce the severity of nausea caused by morning sickness?&#10;A) Try a tart food or drink such as lemonade or salty foods such as potato chips.&#10;B) Drink plenty of fluids early in the day.&#10;C) Brush her teeth immediately after eating.&#10;D) Never snack before bedtime.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What might a nurse suggest to help...

Question 24

Many patients are concerned about the increased levels of mercury in fish and may be afraid to include this source of nutrients in their diet.What should the nurse teach to assist the patient in determining which fish is safe to consume while pregnant?

A) Canned white tuna is a preferred choice.
B) Avoid shark, swordfish, and mackerel.
C) Fish caught in local waterways are the safest.
D) Salmon and shrimp contain high levels of mercury.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many patients are concerned about the increased...

Question 25

While taking a diet history,the nurse might be told that the expectant mother has cravings for ice chips,cornstarch,and baking soda.What is the term for this behaviour?&#10;A) Pre-eclampsia&#10;B) Pyrosis&#10;C) Pica&#10;D) Purging

Accepted Answer

The answer of While taking a diet history,the nurse might...

Question 26

What should the nurse tell a pregnant patient when counselling her about getting enough iron in her diet?&#10;A) Milk, coffee, and tea aid iron absorption if consumed at the same time as iron.&#10;B) Iron absorption is inhibited by a diet rich in vitamin C.&#10;C) Iron supplements are permissible for children in small doses.&#10;D) Constipation is common with iron supplements.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What should the nurse tell a pregnant...

Question 27

Which vitamins or minerals can lead to congenital malformations of the fetus if taken in excess by the mother?&#10;A) Zinc&#10;B) Vitamin D&#10;C) Folic acid&#10;D) Vitamin A

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which vitamins or minerals can lead to...

Question 28

Which culture has the possible dietary consideration of a lack of fresh fruits?&#10;A) Chinese&#10;B) Japanese&#10;C) Greek&#10;D) Vietnamese

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which culture has the possible dietary consideration...

Deck 11: Maternal and Fetal Nutrition