Deck 26: Newborn Nutrition and Feeding

Question 1

A new father is ready to take his wife and newborn son home.He proudly tells the nurse who is discharging them that,within the next week,he plans to start feeding the infant cereal between breastfeeding sessions.The nurse can explain to him that beginning solid foods before 6 months may do which of the following?

A) It may decrease the infant's intake of sufficient calories.
B) It may lead to early cessation of breastfeeding.
C) It may help the infant sleep through the night.
D) It may limit the infant's growth.

Answer 1

It may lead to early cessation of breastfeeding.

Question 2

Which of the following is a late hunger cue in the newborn?

A) Rooting
B) Crying
C) Tongue movements
D) Hand to mouth movements

Answer 2

Crying

Question 3

A postpartum woman telephones about her 4-day-old infant.She is not scheduled for a weight check until the infant is 10 days old,and she is worried about whether breastfeeding is going well.Effective breastfeeding is indicated by the newborn who does which of the following?

A) Sleeps for 6 hours at a time between feedings
B) Has at least one breast milk stool every 24 hours
C) Gains 1 to 2 ounces per week
D) Has at least six to eight wet diapers per day

Answer 3

Has at least six to eight wet diapers per day

Question 4

What should the nurse be aware of with regard to the qualities of human breast milk?

A) Frequent feedings during predictable growth spurts stimulate increased milk production.
B) The milk of preterm mothers is the same as the milk of mothers who gave birth at term.
C) The milk at the beginning of the feeding is the same as the milk at the end of the feeding.
D) Colostrum is an early, less concentrated, less rich version of mature milk.

Question 5

Which statement is true about bottle-feeding using commercially prepared infant formulas?

A) Using formula increases the risk that the infant will develop allergies.
B) Using formula helps the infant sleep through the night.
C) Using formula ensures that the infant is getting iron in a form that is easily absorbed.
D) Using formula requires that multivitamin supplements be given to the infant.

Question 6

What is the best reason for recommending formula over breastfeeding?

A) The mother had a bilateral mastectomy.
B) The mother lacks confidence in her ability to breastfeed.
C) Other family members or care providers also need to feed the baby.
D) The mother sees bottle feeding as more convenient.

Question 7

A primiparous woman is delighted with her newborn son and wants to begin breastfeeding as soon as possible.The nurse can facilitate the infant's correct latch-on by helping the woman hold the infant in which position?

A) With his arms folded together over his chest
B) Curled up in a fetal position
C) With his head cupped in her hand
D) With his head and body in alignment

Question 8

At a 2-month well-baby examination,it was discovered that a breastfed infant had only gained 300 g in the past 4 weeks.The mother and the nurse agree that,to gain weight faster,the infant needs to do which of the following?

A) Begin solid foods.
B) Have a bottle of formula after every feeding.
C) Add at least one extra breastfeeding session every 24 hours.
D) Start iron supplements.

Question 9

A new mother wants to be sure that she is meeting her daughter's needs while feeding her commercially prepared infant formula.The nurse should evaluate the mother's knowledge about appropriate infant care.The mother meets her child's needs when she does which of the following?

A) She adds rice cereal to her formula at 2 weeks of age to ensure adequate nutrition.
B) She warms the bottles using a microwave oven.
C) She burps her infant during and after the feeding as needed.
D) She refrigerates any leftover formula for the next feeding.

Question 10

The nurse is discussing storage of breast milk with a mother whose infant is preterm and in the special care unit.Which statement would indicate that the mother needs additional teaching?

A) "I can store my breast milk in the refrigerator for 3 months."
B) "I can store my breast milk in the freezer for 3 months."
C) "I can store my breast milk at room temperature for 8 hours."
D) "I can store my breast milk in the refrigerator for 3 to 5 days."

Question 11

Which statement about the benefits or limitations of breastfeeding is not accurate?

A) Breast milk changes over time to meet changing needs as infants grow.
B) Long-term studies have shown that the benefits of breast milk continue after the infant is weaned.
C) Breast milk and breastfeeding may enhance cognitive development.
D) Breastfeeding increases the risk of childhood obesity.

Question 12

Which statement is incorrect regarding the benefits to the mother associated with breastfeeding?

A) They have a decreased risk of breast cancer.
B) It is an effective method of birth control for the first year after birth.
C) It increases bone density.
D) It may enhance postpartum weight loss.

Question 13

With regard to the nutrient needs of breastfed and formula-fed infants,nurses should be aware of which of the following?

A) Breastfed infants need extra water in hot climates.
B) During the first 3 months breastfed infants consume more energy than formula-fed infants.
C) Breastfeeding infants should receive oral vitamin D drops daily until their diet provides this or they are 1 year of age.
D) Vitamin K injections at birth are not needed for infants fed on specially enriched formula.

Question 14

What should the nurse keep in mind when helping the breastfeeding mother position the baby for nursing?

A) The cradle position usually is preferred by mothers who had a Caesarean birth.
B) Women with perineal pain and swelling prefer the modified cradle position.
C) Whatever the position used, the infant is "belly to belly" with the mother.
D) While supporting the head, the mother should push gently on the occiput.

Question 15

A new mother recalls from prenatal class that she should try to feed her newborn daughter when she exhibits hunger cues,rather than waiting until her infant is crying frantically.On the basis of this information,which cue should the nurse alert this woman to regarding feeding her infant?

A) The infant is waving her arms in the air.
B) The infant is making sucking motions.
C) The infant is having hiccups.
D) The infant is stretching her legs out straight.

Question 16

A breastfeeding woman develops engorged breasts at 3 days' postpartum.What action would help this woman achieve her goal of reducing the engorgement?

A) Skip feedings to let her sore breasts rest.
B) Avoid using a breast pump.
C) Breastfeed her infant frequently.
D) Reduce her fluid intake for 24 hours.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is correct regarding recommendations about infant nutrition according to the Canadian Paediatric Society?

A) Infants should be given only human milk for the first 6 months of life.
B) Infants fed on formula should be started on solid food sooner than breastfed infants.
C) If infants are weaned from breast milk before 12 months, they should receive cow's milk, not formula.
D) After 6 months mothers should shift from breast milk to cow's milk.

Question 18

According to demographic research,which woman would be least likely to breastfeed and thus most likely to need education on the benefits and proper techniques of breastfeeding?

A) A woman who is 30 to 35 years of age, white, and employed part-time outside the home
B) A woman who is younger than 25 years of age, of Latin-American descent, and unemployed
C) A woman who is younger than 25 years of age, African-Canadian, and employed full-time outside the home
D) A woman who is 35 years of age or older, white, and employed full-time at home

Question 19

Nurses should be able to tell breastfeeding mothers that all of these are signs that the infant has latched on correctly to her breast,except which of the following?

A) She feels a firm tugging sensation on her nipples but not pinching or pain.
B) The baby sucks with cheeks rounded, not dimpled.
C) The baby's jaw glides smoothly with sucking.
D) She hears a clicking or smacking sound.

Question 20

Which is true in relation to the process whereby parents awaken the infant to feed every 3 hours during the day and at least every 4 hours at night?

A) This is known as demand feeding.
B) This is necessary during the first 24 to 48 hours after birth.
C) This method is used to set up the supply-meets-demand system.
D) This is a way to control cluster feeding.

Question 21

The nurse providing couplet care should understand that nipple confusion results when which of the following occurs?

A) Breastfeeding babies receive supplementary bottle feedings.
B) The baby is weaned too abruptly.
C) Pacifiers are used before breastfeeding is established.
D) Twins are breastfed together.

Question 22

What should the nurse advise the woman with regard to basic care of the breastfeeding mother?

A) She will need an extra 1000 calories a day to maintain energy and produce milk.
B) She can go back to prepregnancy fluid consumption as long as she gets enough calcium.
C) She should avoid trying to lose large amounts of weight.
D) She must avoid exercising because it is too fatiguing.

Question 23

Which ethnic group does not offer colostrum to the newborn?

A) Muslim
B) Jewish
C) Vietnamese
D) Asian

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of an appropriate technique to wake a sleepy infant for breastfeeding?

A) Loud music
B) Changing the diaper
C) Slapping the infant's hands and feet
D) Applying a cold towel to the infant's abdomen

Question 25

A newly delivered mother who intends to breastfeed tells her nurse,"I am so relieved that this pregnancy is over so I can start smoking again." The nurse encourages the patient to refrain from smoking.However,this new mother insists that she will resume smoking.How should the nurse adapt her health teaching?

A) Smoking has little or no effect on milk production.
B) There is no relation between smoking and the time of feedings.
C) The effects of secondhand smoke on infants are less significant than for adults.
D) The mother should always smoke in another room.

Question 26

A nurse is discussing the signs and symptoms of mastitis with a mother who is breastfeeding.Which one of the following signs should the nurse teach the mother about?

A) Increased heart rate
B) Numbness in the breast
C) An area of redness on the breast often resembling the shape of a pie wedge
D) A small white blister on the tip of the nipple