Deck 7: Periodontal Diseases

Question 1

Certain aggressive forms of periodontal disease may cause tooth loss at an early age because:

A) Affected teeth must be extracted before the disease spreads.
B) Progression of these diseases is associated with host factors.
C) Periodontal surgery may be required to reduce the level of pathogens.
D) These diseases are mostly found in individuals who are immunocompromised.
E) Antibiotics are not helpful in controlling the progression of the disease.

Answer 1

Progression of these diseases is associated with host factors.

Question 2

All of the following are characteristics of chronic periodontitis except one.Which characteristic is the exception?

A) Slow progression of bone loss occurs.
B) Subgingival calculus is frequently present.
C) Chronic periodontitis is often isolated to incisors and first molars.
D) The disease process is modified by tobacco use.
E) Destruction is consistent with the amount of local factors.

Answer 2

Chronic periodontitis is often isolated to incisors and first molars.

Question 3

All of the following diseases are forms of aggressive periodontitis except one.Which disease is the exception?

A) Chronic periodontitis
B) Refractory periodontitis
C) Localized juvenile periodontitis
D) Rapidly progressive periodontitis

Answer 3

Chronic periodontitis

Question 4

A painful periodontal condition characterized by punched out dental papilla crestal bone loss with a white pseudomembranous surface is called:

A) Periodontal abscess
B) Juvenile periodontitis
C) Refractory periodontitis
D) Chronic periodontitis
E) Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis

Question 5

Genetic testing for chronic periodontal diseases is of interest because:

A) A specific gene for chronic periodontitis is present in people of all races.
B) Cigarette smoking does not interfere with the test.
C) The test is becoming the standard of care for treating patients with periodontal disease.
D) Studies of twins show that chronic periodontitis may be genetically linked.
E) Findings are useful for common diseases such as leukocyte adhesion deficiency.

Question 6

Dental plaque biofilm associated with chronic periodontitis is predominantly:

A) Rod-shaped
B) Gram positive
C) Gram negative
D) Gram positive and gram negative
E) Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

Question 7

The most important host factor in determining the progression of periodontitis and bone loss is:

A) Effective scaling and root planing
B) Corrosive factors in dental calculus
C) Bacteria acid eroding the crestal alveolar bone
D) Direct tissue damage by the bacteria in plaque
E) Inflammation from the host response to plaque antigens

Question 8

All of the following statements are true concerning combined endodontic-periodontic lesions except one.Which statement is the exception?

A) The lesion may develop at the furcation.
B) The tooth may be sensitive to percussion.
C) A single isolated deep pocket is usually found.
D) Endodontic therapy should be performed first.
E) Thorough subgingival root planing should be performed first.

Question 9

Prepubertal periodontitis,the severe form of aggressive periodontitis,is:

A) Common among certain populations.
B) Associated with white blood cell defects.
C) Associated with only slight amounts of plaque biofilms.
D) Known to affect deciduous teeth but not permanent teeth.
E) Known to cause attachment loss but not progress to cause loss of the teeth.

Question 10

Poor oral hygiene is of concern in the development of bacterial pneumonia in the older adult nursing home population because:

A) Oral hygiene procedures can spread the disease.
B) Virulent species that cause bacterial pneumonia are found in plaque biofilm.
C) As older adults age, they develop a resistance to the disease.
D) The older adult nursing home population is susceptible to mixed infections from plaque biofilm.

Question 11

Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for periodontal disease because:

A) Gingival healing is retarded.
B) Fibroblast function increases.
C) Gingival bleeding is increased.
D) Smokers have poor plaque control.

Question 12

The dental hygienist should consider referring the patient with periodontitis:

A) When the disease is advanced
B) Before the disease becomes advanced
C) After completing dental hygiene care
D) When any sign of bone loss is recognized
E) After the dentist completes the comprehensive care treatment

Question 13

Penicillin is the most useful antibiotic for augmenting the treatment of juvenile periodontitis.The microbial flora of this form of the aggressive disease is composed of up to 90% Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans.

A) Both statements are TRUE.
B) Both statements are FALSE.
C) The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE.
D) The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE.

Question 14

Local site-specific antimicrobial pocket therapy may be useful as an adjunct to periodontal scaling and root planing for which of the following reasons?

A) The antibiotic effect may last up to 3 months.
B) Many organisms develop resistance to the antibiotic.
C) The most common antibiotics used are bactericidal agents.
D) A high dose of antibiotic is placed at the site of the infection.
E) A high level of the antibiotic in the circulation may lead to an allergic response.

Question 15

All of the following treatment options are useful in treating moderate chronic periodontitis except one.Which treatment option is the exception?

A) Systemic antibiotic therapy
B) Assisting the patient with a smoking cessation program
C) Removing local factors such as overhanging restorations
D) Educating the patient in improved personal plaque-biofilm control
E) Completely removing plaque biofilm and calculus from the root surfaces

Question 16

All of the following systemic conditions have been associated with untreated advanced periodontal diseases except one.Which condition is the exception?

A) Stroke
B) Heart attack
C) Osteoporosis
D) Bacterial pneumonia
E) Low-birth-weight preterm births

Question 17

Systemic antibiotic therapy may be useful in the treatment of some forms of periodontitis.The microbial flora in chronic periodontitis is made up of known amounts of specific pathogens.

A) Both statements are TRUE.
B) Both statements are FALSE.
C) The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE.
D) The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE.

Question 18

Periodontal disease can be assumed to be progressing when:

A) Pockets are present.
B) Bone loss is evident in radiographic images.
C) Attachment loss increases over time.
D) Bleeding occurs with gentle probing.

Question 19

The plaque biofilm associated with juvenile periodontitis is present in small amounts considering the severity of the periodontal defects because:

A) All of the plaque biofilm is supragingival.
B) The primary pathogen in the biofilm does not create much extracellular matrix.
C) The primary pathogen creates extracellular matrix that forces the bacteria out of the pocket.
D) The primary pathogen creates a significant amount of extracellular matrix, leaving no space for bacteria to grow.

Question 20

Developmental conditions that may contribute to periodontitis include all of the following except one.Which condition is the exception?

A) Cemental spurs on root surfaces
B) Lingual groove on some lateral incisors
C) Gingival recession, resulting in bone loss
D) Carabelli cusps on maxillary first molars
E) Pseudopockets on the distal of second molars

Question 21

Disease progression in chronic periodontitis is episodic in nature,having a burst of activity that causes attachment loss.

Question 22

The significance of probing depth measurements is that it provides the millimeter:

A) Amount of recession
B) Depth of the periodontal pocket
C) Amount of clinical attachment loss (CAL)
D) Amount of loss of support for the tooth

Question 23

The diagnosis of periodontal disease can be definitively made through the analysis of bacterial plaque.

Question 24

Treatment for patients with advanced chronic periodontitis typically includes:

A) Plaque biofilm education, removal of local etiologic factors, and control of associated factors
B) Removal of local etiologic factors and a referral to a specialist for evaluation
C) Plaque biofilm education, removal of local etiologic factors, control of associated factors, and a referral to a specialist for evaluation
D) Removal of local etiologic factors, control of associated factors, and a referral to a specialist for evaluation
E) Referral to a specialty periodontics practice for evaluation, plaque biofilm education, removal of local etiologic factors via surgical and nonsurgical means, and control of associated factors

Question 25

The dental hygienist should consider recommending a thorough medical evaluation for all patients with:

A) Heavy plaque and calculus
B) Moderate plaque and calculus
C) Gingiva that does not bleed when probed
D) Plaque and calculus levels consistent with the amount of observed periodontal destruction
E) Plaque and calculus levels not consistent with the amount of observed periodontal destruction

Question 26

Chronic periodontitis can be localized or generalized.

Question 27

Systemic antibiotic therapy should be used in the treatment of periodontal diseases when:

A) Specific organisms have been identified.
B) Dental hygiene treatment has been successful, and specific organisms can be identified.
C) Dental hygiene treatment has been successful, and specific organisms cannot be identified.
D) Dental hygiene treatment has been unsuccessful, and specific organisms have been identified.

Question 28

In chronic periodontitis,disease activity is exacerbated when host resistance controls the disease through therapy or natural defenses.

Question 29

Probing pocket depth is not significant; the patient's ability to cleanse deeper pockets is not a factor in developing periodontal disease.

Question 30

Clinical rather than bacterial diagnosis is not the primary method of classifying periodontal disease.

Question 31

The significance of the CAL measurement is that it provides the millimeter:

A) Amount of recession
B) Depth of the gingival pocket
C) Depth of the periodontal pocket
D) Amount of loss of support for the tooth

Question 32

The defining element for classifying periodontal disease is CAL.

Question 33

The defining element for classifying periodontal disease is probe depth.

Question 34

Users of tobacco are at greater risk for developing periodontal disease because of:

A) Cytotoxic components
B) Vasoconstriction
C) Diminished neutrophil function
D) Impairment of fibroblast function
E) All of the above f. None of the above

Question 35

Chronic periodontitis is associated with systemic disease or abnormalities in host defense mechanisms.

Question 36

Clinicians often interchangeably use the terms periodontitis and periodontal disease when indicating chronic periodontitis.

Question 37

Treatment for patients with slight-to-moderate chronic periodontitis typically includes:

A) Plaque biofilm education, removal of local etiologic factors, and control of associated factors
B) Removal of local etiologic factors and a referral to a specialist for evaluation
C) Plaque biofilm education, removal of local etiologic factors, control of associated factors, and a referral to a specialist for evaluation
D) Removal of local etiologic factors, control of associated factors, and a referral to a specialist for evaluation

Question 38

Studies documenting adverse health effects as related to chronic infections,which are mediated by inflammatory agents triggering the development of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries,have been implicated in which of the following diseases?

A) Periodontitis and cardiovascular disease
B) Periodontitis and preterm birth
C) Periodontitis and bacterial pneumonia
D) Periodontitis and diabetes
E) All of the above f. None of the above

Question 39

Bone is an active tissue characterized by continuous formation and resorption.It is possible to determine the precise time that bone loss caused by periodontal disease begins.

A) Both statements are TRUE.
B) Both statements are FALSE.
C) The first statement is TRUE, and the second statement is FALSE.
D) The first statement is FALSE, and the second statement is TRUE.

Question 40

Which oral diseases are caused by pathogenic bacterial plaque biofilm inhabiting the oral cavity and subgingival environment?

A) Periodontitis and cardiovascular disease
B) Periodontitis and preterm birth
C) Periodontitis and bacterial pneumonia
D) Periodontitis and diabetes
E) All of the above f. None of the above

Question 41

Explain the effects of cigar smoking and smokeless tobacco.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Question 42

The term used to describe the periodontal diseases of the supporting tissues of the teeth is ________________________________.

Question 43

A pathologically deepened gingival sulcus is called a ______________________.

Question 44

Periodontal disease also can have periods of _________________,in which the disease is static and periodontal pockets do not deepen.

Question 45

List three of the five methods for clinically detecting periodontal disease.
_______________________
_______________________
_______________________

Question 46

The most reliable method of determining disease activity is documenting the loss of periodontal attachment by measuring _________________ over time.