Deck 9: Systemic Factors Influencing Periodontal Diseases

Question 1

Soon after sitting down in a dental chair,a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus rapidly develops the following signs and symptoms: mental confusion,slurred speech,rapid heartbeat,nausea,and cold,clammy skin.These signs and symptoms are characteristic of:

A) Insulin shock
B) Hyperglycemia
C) Angina pectoris
D) MI
E) Fear of having dental work performed

Answer 1

Insulin shock

Question 2

A common side effect of medications used to control blood pressure in patients with hypertension is:

A) Dry mouth
B) Sensitive teeth
C) Loss of appetite
D) Gingival recession
E) Craving for sugary foods

Answer 2

Dry mouth

Question 3

A major environmental factor that increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus is:

A) Obesity
B) Ultraviolet rays
C) High-fiber diets
D) Cigarette smoking
E) Fluoridated drinking water

Answer 3

Obesity

Question 4

Patients with a history of rheumatic fever,ischemic heart disease,or systemic lupus erythematosus often have:

A) Viral hepatitis
B) Pemphigus vulgaris
C) Type 1 diabetes mellitus
D) Acquired valvular heart disease
E) Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

Question 5

A narrowing of the orifice of either the aortic valve or the mitral valve of the heart is called:

A) Stenosis
B) Stable angina
C) Myocardial infarction (MI)
D) Ischemic heart disease
E) Congestive heart disease

Question 6

Blood pressure is highest when the heart beats (contracts).This reading is called the:

A) Blood pressure
B) Systolic pressure
C) Diastolic pressure
D) Resting blood pressure

Question 7

Increased gingival inflammation associated with physiologic fluctuations in the levels of female sex hormones can often be observed during:

A) Eating
B) Puberty
C) Psychologic stress
D) Hypertensive episodes
E) Excessive physical exercise

Question 8

The most frequently reported oral lesion in patients with untreated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)is:

A) Lymphoma
B) Candidiasis
C) "Hairy" leukoplakia
D) Localized aggressive periodontitis
E) Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis

Question 9

Blood pressure is lowest when the heart is at rest (between beats)and is called the:

A) Blood pressure
B) Systolic pressure
C) Diastolic pressure
D) Beating blood pressure

Question 10

The HIV can be transmitted by all of the following except one.Which one is the exception?

A) Aerosols from sneezing
B) Unprotected sexual contact
C) Sharing contaminated needles
D) Nonsterilized dental instruments
E) Blood from infected mothers to newborns

Question 11

Which of the following is a ribonucleic acid (RNA)-containing virus?

A) Herpesvirus
B) Papillomavirus
C) Hepatitis B virus
D) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
E) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 12

Severe recurring chest pain from angina pectoris often radiates into the:

A) Hips and thighs
B) Feet and ankles
C) Small intestines
D) Left shoulder and arm
E) Kidneys and lower back

Question 13

Functional white blood cells are reduced in all of the following blood dyscrasias except one.Which one is the exception?

A) Aplastic anemia
B) Agranulocytosis
C) Cyclic neutropenia
D) Iron-deficiency anemia
E) Acute myeloblastic leukemia

Question 14

Drug-influenced gingival enlargement is a common side effect of which one of the following medications?

A) Lidocaine
B) Benzocaine
C) Epinephrine
D) Cyclosporine
E) Chloramphenicol

Question 15

Approximately what percentage of the patients who continually take phenytoin will experience the side effect of gingival enlargement?

A) 10%
B) 30%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 90%

Question 16

Oral lesions are most often found in which of the following dermatologic diseases?

A) Psoriasis
B) Lichen planus
C) Pemphigus vulgaris
D) Malignant melanoma
E) Erythema multiforme

Question 17

An important etiologic factor of the severe gingivitis that may occur during pregnancy is:

A) Neutropenia
B) Dietary sugar
C) Dental plaque
D) Protein malnutrition
E) Vitamin C deficiency

Question 18

Anticoagulant agents (blood thinners)are often taken by patients with a history of:

A) Diabetes Mellitus
B) Viral hepatitis
C) Rheumatoid arthritis
D) MI
E) Prosthetic (artificial) heart valves

Question 19

A patient is considered to have prehypertension if his or her blood pressure is routinely found to be how many mm Hg?

A) 110/75
B) 119/79
C) 132/84
D) 142/91
E) 155/90

Question 20

High blood pressure has been called the "silent killer" because:

A) It is asymptomatic.
B) No one knows that it is a serious illness.
C) More than one-half of those with the disease are unaware that they have it.
D) It is asymptomatic, and more than one-half of those with the disease are unaware that they have it.

Question 21

Diabetes mellitus is a group of disorders that share a common feature.What is that common feature?

A) Elevated insulin level
B) Elevated blood glucose level
C) Oversecretion of pancreatic hormones
D) Oversecretion of the islets of Langerhans

Question 22

Specific situations,including strenuous physical exertion or extreme psychologic stress,can cause the symptoms of _________________,a systemic cardiovascular disease.

Question 23

Failure of a heart valve to close completely,thereby leading to regurgitation or flow of blood in a reverse direction,is called:

A) Stenosis
B) Congenital stenosis
C) Valvular insufficiency
D) Infective endocarditis

Question 24

The systemic disease that is commonly referred to as a heart attack is __________________.

Question 25

Today's patients often experience complex systemic problems that require clinicians to be knowledgeable about how systemic problems influence the selection of periodontal therapy,requiring them to anticipate patient responses to these therapies.

Question 26

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus account for approximately what percent of all those with diabetes?

A) 10% to 20%
B) 40% to 50%
C) 60% to 70%
D) 80% to 90%

Question 27

Signs and symptoms of this systemic cardiovascular disease include severe recurring chest pain,which can radiate into the shoulder,arm,neck,lower jaw,or face.These classic symptoms describe ________________________.

Question 28

When administering routine dental care to patients with congestive heart failure who are under good medical control,the dental chair should be placed in what position?

A) Erect
B) Supine
C) Reclining
D) Erect or partially reclining
E) As reclined as the patient can tolerate

Question 29

Stable angina is predictable and can be controlled with medication.

Question 30

Angina pectoris and MI are clinical manifestations of which one of the following diseases?

A) Hypertension
B) Coronary artery disease
C) Ischemic heart disease
D) Heart valve disease
E) Cardiac arrhythmias f. Congestive heart failure

Question 31

Patients with well-controlled medical hypertension can be safely treated with nearly all forms of dental or periodontal therapy.

Question 32

Describe two of the four potential problems that can arise for patients with systemic complications.
__________________________________
__________________________________

Question 33

Dental hygienists should routinely take blood pressure readings for adult patients at each visit.

Question 34

What is the major cause of failure in most joint prosthesis replacements?

A) Trauma
B) Infection
C) Subsequent injury
D) Subsequent bone fracture

Question 35

Which disease is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease,stroke,and kidney failure?

A) Hypertension
B) Coronary artery disease
C) Ischemic heart disease
D) Heart valve disease

Question 36

The leading cause of sudden cardiac death in the United States is:

A) Hypertension
B) Coronary artery disease
C) Ischemic heart disease
D) Heart valve disease
E) Cardiac arrhythmias f. Congestive heart failure

Question 37

Patients recovering from a heart attack should not receive elective dental treatment for at least 1 month after the occurrence.

Question 38

Systemic factors do not affect the diagnosis,pathogenesis,and treatment of periodontal infections.

Question 39

Generally speaking,dental and periodontal treatment is contraindicated in most patients with cardiovascular diseases.

Question 40

For individuals with uncontrolled hypertension,elective dental treatment should be immediately completed.

Question 41

The sudden occlusion or blocking of blood supply to a portion of the heart causes an ischemic heart condition that is called ______________________.

Question 42

If an angina attack occurs during treatment,the clinician should:
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________

Question 43

Treatment planning for patients with stable angina should include both _______________ and ______________________.

Question 44

Heart attacks are frequently caused by a blood clot,which is more formally known as a ________________________.

Question 45

The ischemic heart disease of ______________ can be both predictable and controlled with medications.