Deck 8: The Emergence of a Market Economy, 1815-1850

Question 1

The greatest proportionate influx of immigrants in the history of the United States came in the 1820s.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin on a plantation in Georgia.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The Erie Canal was primarily built by which immigrant group?

A)Germans
B)Irish
C)Czech
D)Italian
E)Polish

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Before 1845,steamboats were used more for transportation on the ocean than on internal waterways.

Question 5

All of the following,except one,revolutionized the United States during the mid-1800s.

A)Trains
B)Steamboats
C)Telephones
D)Cotton gin
E)Conestoga wagons

Question 6

Because they too had suffered discrimination,Irish immigrants tended to be sympathetic to blacks.

Question 7

The advantage clipper ships had over traditional merchant vessels was their

A)greater cargo space.
B)speed.
C)ability to carry more passengers.
D)ability to sail upriver.
E)durability.

Question 8

The first clipper ship was named the

A)Liberty.
B)Agamemnon.
C)Enterprise.
D)Rainbow.
E)Tecumseh.

Question 9

The American party was based on nativism.

Question 10

Opening the Erie Canal did all of the following except

A)stretch from Albany to Buffalo.
B)dramatically reduce freight rates.
C)inspire more canal construction.
D)increase shipping through the port of New York.
E)bankrupt New York State with its cost.

Question 11

Church attendance and temperance were enforced among early workers at Lowell.

Question 12

As late as 1860,three-fourths of the American people lived within twenty-five miles of the Atlantic Ocean.

Question 13

The United States had caught up with Britain's textile production by 1815.

Question 14

The only professions open to women in the early 19th century were teaching and nursing.

Question 15

Most of the growth of the Catholic Church in America in the mid-nineteenth century can be attributed to immigration from Ireland.

Question 16

What was the major advantage of railroads over water transportation?

A)They offered year-round operation.
B)They were cheaper.
C)They could go uphill.
D)They were subsidized by the government.
E)They could cross international borders.

Question 17

The _____ revolutionized transportation at sea during the 1840s.

A)steamboat
B)sail ship
C)submarine
D)clipper ship
E)screw-propelled ship

Question 18

Steamboats

A)were commercially profitable by the 1790s.
B)generally had at least twelve-foot drafts.
C)enabled faster and cheaper two-way travel along the Mississippi.
D)were usually built of steel.
E)soon made railroad obsolete.

Question 19

By the 1850s,trains traveled an average of forty miles an hour.

Question 20

This invention by Robert Fulton dramatically reduced the time needed to carry goods to market in the early 1800s.

A)Train
B)Steamboat
C)Turnpike
D)Canals
E)Airplane

Question 21

His steel plow is credited for transforming the West into farmland.

A)Eli Whitney
B)Ross Perot
C)John Deere
D)Samuel Clemens
E)Earl Wood

Question 22

This action stimulated the need for producing cloth domestically in the United States.

A)The War of 1812
B)Jefferson's embargo
C)The Quasi-War
D)The Trail of Tears
E)The American Revolution

Question 23

What revolutionized cotton production in the South before the Civil War?

A)Slavery
B)The cotton gin
C)Tenant farming
D)Share cropping
E)The plantation system

Question 24

What was the political problem in the early 19th century about spending government funds on infrastructure?

A)Where should the new roads be built?
B)Should roads,or railways be built?
C)Was it constitutional?
D)How should it be funded?
E)Should the South receive more since they paid the majority of taxes?

Question 25

The telegraph was invented by

A)Albert Singer.
B)William Howe.
C)Samuel Morse.
D)William Sherman.
E)James Avery.

Question 26

What did Cyrus McCormick invent that revolutionized wheat production?

A)The iron plow
B)The tractor
C)The mechanical reaper
D)The cotton gin
E)The railroad

Question 27

By 1860,what percentage of the U.S.population lived west of the Appalachians?

A)10 percent
B)15 percent
C)25 percent
D)35 percent
E)50 percent

Question 28

The name given to the people who made up the majority of workers in textile factories was

A)Lowell girls.
B)Barrio Boys.
C)Know-Nothings.
D)Molley Maguires.
E)William Tells.

Question 29

Anti-Irish prejudice was especially based upon

A)fear of growing Catholic influence.
B)Irish sympathy for black equality.
C)Irish support for trade unions.
D)jealousy over the fact that the Irish were so well educated.
E)competition for housing in industrial cities.

Question 30

The Tariff Bill of 1816 was passed due to

A)American factory owners being upset with the cheap price of British cotton flooding the markets.
B)England's refusal to open the West Indies to American trade.
C)the South's refusal to build factories.
D)the failure of Jefferson's embargo to stop immigration.
E)the loss of income from the British blockade of France during the French Revolution.

Question 31

One of the largest groups to immigrate to the United States in the mid-nineteenth century,they escaped a potato famine in their homeland.

A)Irish
B)Scot
C)German
D)French
E)Russian

Question 32

A huge factory was built on the Merrimack River to provide a clean,rural atmosphere for people to work and live around.It was built by

A)James Winfield.
B)Samuel Morris.
C)Adam Smith.
D)Francis Lowell.
E)William Sherman.

Question 33

By 1860,Catholicism had become the largest denomination in the United States because of this immigrant group.

A)German
B)Scot
C)Canadian
D)Russian
E)Irish

Question 34

In 1830,Congress passed this law that allowed people to claim land before it was surveyed.

A)Land Ordinance Act
B)Northwest Ordinance
C)Preemption Act
D)Graduation Act
E)Timberland Act

Question 35

The first American factories produced

A)shoes.
B)cotton textiles.
C)tobacco.
D)muskets.
E)cannon.

Question 36

The phrase "internal improvements" is used to describe

A)the desire of people to better themselves through learning.
B)the government providing infrastructure for its citizens.
C)repairing relationships with Great Britain after the War of 1812.
D)establishing a buffer state west of the Mississippi for settlement by Indians.
E)when slaves were set free by their masters.

Question 37

Why did New England shipping companies oppose tariffs?

A)It would force them to make more trips across the Atlantic Ocean.
B)It would mean fewer items brought on their ships from England.
C)It would mean increased competition from shippers from other nations.
D)They would no longer have their monopoly on government imports.
E)They could not afford to send more ships over to get the supplies needed.

Question 38

By 1860,this city had become the largest as its population surpassed 1 million residents.

A)New York City
B)Boston
C)Philadelphia
D)Washington,D.C.
E)New Orleans

Question 39

The major way that Congress assisted railroad companies in building their lines was

A)giving them land.
B)refusing to collect taxes from them.
C)awarding monopolies to them so they had no competition.
D)paying them to build the rail lines.
E)forcing companies to use certain rails to transport their goods.

Question 40

By the early 1800s,the five largest American cities were all major

A)military centers.
B)seaports.
C)iron-producing areas.
D)cotton exporters.
E)state capitals.

Question 41

Describe the general immigration trends of the period.What forms did the nativist response to this immigration take?

Question 42

The Know-Nothings were based primarily in

A)the South.
B)the Northeast.
C)the Midwest.
D)the Eastern seaboard.
E)port towns.

Question 43

The concept of opposing all other cultures in favor of your own is known as

A)bigotry.
B)racism.
C)nativism.
D)multiculturalism.
E)recidivism.

Question 44

Discuss how workers lives were changing as a result of the market revolution.Note the rise of unions and the creation of professions.

Question 45

Write an essay discussing the early textile industry,including its efforts in lobbying the government and innovating labor practices such as the Lowell system.

Question 46

The fastest growing vocation in the first half of the 19th century was

A)bookkeeper.
B)lawyer.
C)teacher.
D)iron worker.
E)doctor.

Question 47

Compare and contrast Irish and German immigration in the early 19th century.

Question 48

The Know-Nothings' primary goal was to

A)send immigrants back to Europe.
B)force immigrants to work for less than minimum wage.
C)force immigrants to wait longer to become a citizen.
D)abolish slavery.
E)reform the civil service program.

Question 49

The Industrial Revolution spurred the growth of this profession,which has since become the largest for men in the nation.

A)Teaching
B)Law
C)Engineer
D)Doctor
E)Salesmen

Question 50

What factors account for the tremendous growth in cotton cultivation from 1790 to 1860?

Question 51

The Irish that immigrated to the United States in the mid-1850s tended to live in

A)Chicago.
B)tenements.
C)skyscrapers.
D)villages.
E)rural areas.

Question 52

A group opposed to immigration in the 1840s,they were known informally as the Know-Nothings.

A)Whigs
B)National-Republicans
C)American party
D)Democrats
E)Federalists

Question 53

By increasing the amount of mechanization in society,people were freed up to pursue other opportunities,what Henry Day called in 1849

A)opportunities.
B)specializations.
C)services.
D)professions.
E)artisans.

Question 54

Describe the changes in transportation taking place in the early 19th century that made possible the emergence of a market economy.

Question 55

Describe the Lowell system and both its short-term and long-term effects on American industry.

Question 56

Physicians in the early 1800s

A)were required to go to medical school.
B)were closely regulated by the government.
C)required very little training.
D)were experts in modern medical science.
E)provided roughly the same services as nurses.

Question 57

Germans who came to the United States

A)were overwhelmingly Catholic.
B)were poor and uneducated.
C)tended to come as families.
D)usually spoke English already.
E)were not the targets of nativists.

Question 58

This immigrant group settled more in rural than in urban areas.

A)German
B)Scot
C)Canadian
D)Russian
E)Irish

Question 59

Write an essay exploring how the market economy impacted different regions of the country in different ways.

Question 60

Explain the unique character of American technological development in the first half of the 19th century.

Question 61

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the following descriptions.
a.Inventor of the telegraph
b.Patented the design of a sewing machine
c.Pioneer of the factory system
d.Inventor of the mechanical reaper
e.Patented the process for vulcanizing rubber
f.Pioneer of steamboat transportation
Samuel F.B.Morse

Question 62

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the following descriptions.
a.Inventor of the telegraph
b.Patented the design of a sewing machine
c.Pioneer of the factory system
d.Inventor of the mechanical reaper
e.Patented the process for vulcanizing rubber
f.Pioneer of steamboat transportation
Elias Howe

Question 63

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the following descriptions.
a.Inventor of the telegraph
b.Patented the design of a sewing machine
c.Pioneer of the factory system
d.Inventor of the mechanical reaper
e.Patented the process for vulcanizing rubber
f.Pioneer of steamboat transportation
Robert Fulton

Question 64

How were women and minorities impacted by the market revolution? Was that impact more positive or more negative?

Question 65

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the following descriptions.
a.Inventor of the telegraph
b.Patented the design of a sewing machine
c.Pioneer of the factory system
d.Inventor of the mechanical reaper
e.Patented the process for vulcanizing rubber
f.Pioneer of steamboat transportation
Francis Cabot Lowell

Question 66

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the following descriptions.
a.Inventor of the telegraph
b.Patented the design of a sewing machine
c.Pioneer of the factory system
d.Inventor of the mechanical reaper
e.Patented the process for vulcanizing rubber
f.Pioneer of steamboat transportation
Charles Goodyear

Question 67

MATCHING
Match each person with one of the following descriptions.
a.Inventor of the telegraph
b.Patented the design of a sewing machine
c.Pioneer of the factory system
d.Inventor of the mechanical reaper
e.Patented the process for vulcanizing rubber
f.Pioneer of steamboat transportation
Cyrus McCormick