Deck 21: Population and Urbanization

Question 1

Many countries in the world measure the extent of prenatal care,maternal nutrition,and childbirth procedures in their populations.What do these three measures reflect?

A)premature deaths rate
B)child death index
C)infant mortality rate
D)child mortality rate

Answer 1

C

Question 2

What is currently the relationship in North America between mortality rates and life expectancy?

A)Declining mortality rates have led to declining life expectancy.
B)Increasing mortality rates have led to substantial decreases in life expectancy.
C)Life expectancy is not related to mortality rates.
D)Declining mortality rates have led to substantial increases in life expectancy.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following terms refers to the incidence of death in a population?

A)crude death rate
B)total death rate
C)mortality
D)death rate

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Joshua is a first-year university student who has always been interested in learning about population distribution and composition.What subfield of sociology should Joshua study?

A)social ecology
B)demography
C)social studies
D)epidemiology

Question 5

Which of the following people has the highest life expectancy in Canada?

A)an Aboriginal male
B)a non-Aboriginal male
C)an Aboriginal female
D)a non-Aboriginal female

Question 6

According to projections by the United Nations,how many people will there be in the world in 2050?

A)2.5 billion
B)4.4 billion
C)6.8 billion
D)9.1 billion

Question 7

Which of the following best defines the term migration?

A)immigration of people into another geographic area
B)emigration of people out of a geographic area
C)movement of people from one geographic area to another for the purpose of changing residency
D)when people move between nations

Question 8

What do sociologists call the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year?

A)the crude death rate
B)the total death rate
C)the death rate
D)the mortality rate

Question 9

Which of the following statements best summarizes the text's discussion of infant mortality rates?

A)Countries with low birth rates also have high infant mortality rates.
B)Infant mortality rates are low among Canada's Aboriginal population.
C)Infant mortality rates reflect a society's level of palliative care.
D)The impact of modernization on infant mortality rates has been dramatic.

Question 10

Which of the following refers to the actual level of childbearing for an individual or a population?

A)reproduction
B)fecundity
C)fertility
D)virility

Question 11

In which of the following countries would we expect women to have more children?

A)Canada
B)United States
C)Uganda
D)Mexico

Question 12

Which of the following cities has the largest proportion of recent immigrants?

A)Winnipeg
B)Vancouver
C)Quebec City
D)Calgary

Question 13

What was the world's population in 2011?

A)2.5 billion
B)4.4 billion
C)7.0 billion
D)9.1 billion

Question 14

What is the most basic measure of fertility?

A)total fecundity rate
B)age-specific birth rate
C)crude birth rate
D)gross reproduction rate

Question 15

A country in Asia calculates that 12.7 of its people die each year for every 1,000 people in its population.By what term do we refer to the number 12.7 in this scenario?

A)the crude death rate
B)the total death rate
C)the mortality rate
D)the death rate

Question 16

Malia has moved to Canada from Ghana.Which of the following was likely of primary concern in her choosing where to settle in Canada?

A)language
B)availability of jobs
C)presence of others from one's former home
D)crime rate

Question 17

What percentage of Canada's population is made up of immigrants?

A)approximately 1 percent
B)approximately 5 percent
C)approximately 15 percent
D)approximately 20 percent

Question 18

In 2008,what was the crude death rate in Canada per 1,000?

A)4
B)7
C)17
D)21

Question 19

What is an estimate of the average lifetime in years of people born in a specific year?

A)longevity
B)lifetime determination
C)life expectancy
D)life chances

Question 20

Which of the following terms refers to the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year?

A)premature deaths rate
B)infant mortality rate
C)child death index
D)child mortality rate

Question 21

Which term refers to the number of males for every 100 females in a given population?

A)sex distribution
B)rate of gender composition
C)population composition
D)crude gender rate

Question 22

The Shaws have recently moved from Scotland to Canada.What demographic trend(s)do they demonstrate?

A)immigration
B)emigration
C)emigration and immigration
D)geographic mobility

Question 23

If there is a mass influx of people into Canada to take up residency,which of the following will increase?

A)migration
B)immigration
C)emigration
D)geographic mobility

Question 24

What term describes a series of bar graphs divided into five-year age cohorts,with the left side depicting the number or percentage of males in each age bracket and the right side providing the same information for females?

A)demographic diagrams
B)population pyramids
C)ecological portraits
D)actuarial graphs

Question 25

Why has there been relatively little migration from Western European countries to Canada over the past 30 years?

A)Laws favour immigrants from certain countries.
B)People in those countries have had very few "push" factors to motivate them to immigrate to Canada.
C)Restrictive laws in Western European countries severely restrict emigration.
D)Most immigrants from Western European countries prefer to go to the United States.

Question 26

The "baby boom echo" is currently in which of the following age categories?

A)almost school-aged
B)in their teen years
C)about 25 to 30 years old
D)about 55 years old

Question 27

Which of the following best characterizes Canada's immigration policy today?

A)differential exclusion
B)differential inclusion
C)assimilationist
D)pluralist

Question 28

According to the text,from which country did most immigrants come to Canada in 2010?

A)U.K.
B)Philippines
C)Hungary
D)Germany

Question 29

What analogy have some demographers used to describe the way in which the baby boom generation has moved up the population pyramid?

A)a mountain
B)a cow out to pasture
C)a pig that has been swallowed by a python
D)a muffin overflowing outside the tin

Question 30

Based on the Malthusian perspective,which of the following are likely outcomes of overpopulation?

A)The population experiences more wealth.
B)Fewer inequalities exist.
C)More countries go to war.
D)More people live in poverty.

Question 31

Currently,what is the fertility rate in Canada?

A)2.5 children per woman
B)2 children per woman
C)1.5 children per woman
D)1 child per woman

Question 32

According to Thomas Malthus,what would happen if the population was left unchecked?

A)We would exceed the available land supply.
B)We would exceed the available food supply.
C)We would exceed the ecological balance.
D)We would exceed the earth's water supply.

Question 33

Until what year did Canada's immigration regulations permit discrimination on the basis of racial and ethnic origin?

A)2000
B)1982
C)1962
D)1939

Question 34

What do sociologists call the biological and social characteristics of a population?

A)population composition
B)sex ratio
C)social profile
D)the rate of natural increase

Question 35

According to the text,which of the following statements accurately reflects immigration and the law in Canada?

A)South Asians were exempt from harsh discrimination when they began to immigrate in 1903 to work as labourers on the Canadian Pacific Railway.
B)Like other Western countries,Canada restricted the entry of non-white immigrants and curtailed the rights of those admitted through racist and exclusionary policies.
C)Immigration policy was open for admission of Jews,especially during the Holocaust.
D)Canada still overtly discriminates against visible minority immigrants.

Question 36

Based on population projections for 2013,the population pyramid for what country has the greatest number of young individuals and the fewest number of elderly?

A)Canada
B)Russia
C)Mexico
D)France

Question 37

Which of the following accurately reflects the baby boom?

A)It occurred in some industrialized countries right before World War II.
B)It was the dramatic increase in births between 1946 and 1966.
C)It was the dramatic increase in births between 1975 and 1989.
D)It continued the long-term upward trend in birth rates.

Question 38

Which of the following represents one of the important effects of the "baby bust"?

A)a shortage of schools,which led to more school construction and jobs for teachers
B)a decline in university enrollments and crime rates in the 1960s
C)a sharp decrease in house prices in the early to mid-1970s
D)a retraction of the market and loss of businesses

Question 39

After the baby boom came a decrease in birth rates,which is referred to as which of the following?

A)baby boom echo
B)baby decline
C)baby overload
D)baby bust

Question 40

According to the text,from which country were most immigrants to Canada in 1957?

A)U.K.
B)China
C)Hungary
D)Germany

Question 41

What would a demographer call Toronto?

A)metropolis
B)megalopolis
C)central city
D)urban centre

Question 42

Which of the following relates to Stage 1 of the demographic transition theory?

A)post-industrialization
B)early industrialization
C)advanced industrialization and urbanization
D)pre-industrial societies

Question 43

Based on the Malthusian perspective,which of the following would be a preventive check on population?

A)famine
B)use of birth control devices
C)war
D)moral restraint

Question 44

What was the largest pre-industrial city?

A)Montreal
B)ancient Babylon
C)Rome
D)Athens

Question 45

Significant population growth due to high birth rates and lower death rates is typical of which stage of demographic transition?

A)stage 1
B)stage 2
C)stage 3
D)stage 4

Question 46

If you were to use a Marxist perspective,which of the following arguments would you make against the Malthusian perspective?

A)Capitalism does produce poverty but is not solely responsible for the population problem.
B)Socialist economies have very different demographic trends than capitalist societies.
C)Unchecked population growth would reduce the doubling effect.
D)Overpopulation comes when capitalists exploit workers with low wages and force them to be more productive with the threat of a reserve army,which eventually leads to unemployment,worker dissatisfaction,and revolt.

Question 47

A research project on residents of Edmonton's use of the urban River Valley and trail system would fit into which of the following disciplines?

A)demography
B)urban sociology
C)human ecology
D)physical sociology

Question 48

If you lived in Edmonton,Vancouver,Sudbury,or St.John's,you would reside in the same type of area as what percentage of Canadians?

A)80 percent
B)65 percent
C)50 percent
D)35 percent

Question 49

A future with more parents and grandparents than children and an excess of young single males are long-term consequences of which of the following?

A)China's one-child policy
B)India's mandatory reproduction effort
C)Canada's Child Tax Benefit system
D)Japan's family-centered policies and high abortion rate

Question 50

Ontario's 401 Highway system and the Queen Elizabeth Express Way (QEW)are characteristic of which of the following?

A)pre-industrial cities
B)industrial cities
C)post-industrial cities
D)rural cities

Question 51

Today,approximately what percentage of the world's population lives in cities?

A)almost 20 percent
B)more than 35 percent
C)almost 50 percent
D)almost 60 percent

Question 52

Which of the following relates to Stage 3 of the demographic transition?

A)post-industrialization
B)early industrialization
C)advanced industrialization and urbanization
D)pre-industrial societies

Question 53

Two hundred years ago,approximately what percentage of the world's population lived in cities?

A)3 percent
B)10 percent
C)25 percent
D)40 percent

Question 54

Dr.Thoms examines social relationships and political and economic structures in the city.Which statement best describes his work?

A)Dr.Thoms examines metropolitan cities.
B)Dr.Thoms is an urban planner.
C)Dr.Thoms is an urban sociologist.
D)Dr.Thoms is a demographer.

Question 55

Which of the following models views the city as a series of circular areas,each characterized by a different type of land use that developed from a central core?

A)the concentric zone model
B)invasion model
C)succession model
D)gentrification model

Question 56

Who developed the concentric zone model?

A)Homer Hoyt
B)Amos Hawley
C)Ernest Burgess
D)Robert Park

Question 57

A group called Save the Earth is protesting in India against population growth and attempting to sway people to eat less and consider the environment more.This group appears to share the same assumptions as which of the following perspectives?

A)the Malthusian perspective
B)the Marxist perspective
C)the neo-Malthusian perspective
D)the environmental perspective

Question 58

Which of the following was likely the most important factor in the growth of cities in North America?

A)immigration
B)the Industrial Revolution
C)World War II
D)the invention of the automobile

Question 59

Some African nations have moved from high birth and death rates to relatively low birth and death rates as a result of technological development.What term describes this process?

A)zero population growth
B)population lag
C)demographic transition
D)modernization

Question 60

Settlers from Northern Manitoba made a permanent residence and began to secure their livelihood with non-agricultural activities at the place where the Red and the Assiniboine Rivers meet.Which term describes this location?

A)multiple nuclei model
B)metropolis
C)suburb
D)city

Question 61

According to Burgess's concentric zone model,what happens if low-income families take up residence in Zone 2,where more wealthy families used to own homes?

A)invasion
B)succession
C)regentrification
D)diffusion

Question 62

Bill is 54 years old,addicted to heroin,and cannot get out of the inner city.According to Herbert Gans's categories of urban villagers,which category does Bill belong to?

A)cosmopolites
B)the deprived
C)ethnic villagers
D)the trapped

Question 63

At a downtown shop,a clerk routinely says to patrons who enter a store,"How are you?" What does this illustrate,according to Louis Wirth's symbolic interactionist perspective?

A)how gender and city life are related
B)the importance of political economy
C)that urbanism is a way of life
D)that there is a wide diversity of lifestyles found in urban areas

Question 64

Liisa bought a house in serious need of repair in an area that people say is "up and coming." After fixing the house by replacing windows and doors,putting in new floors,and redecorating with paint and wallpaper,Liisa decided to live in it.According to Burgess' concentric zone model,what is this called?

A)zoning
B)invasion
C)succession
D)gentrification

Question 65

Which of the following would you find in Zone 2 of the concentric zone model?

A)recent immigrants and poor families
B)the central business district
C)working-class residences,shops,and ethnic enclaves
D)persons who commute to the central city to work

Question 66

According to the text,the population distribution in some U.S.cities has left a poor central core area with no industry,no job opportunities,poor schools,deteriorated housing,and no tax base to help improve things.What name have critics given this kind of city?

A)"muffin city"
B)"project city"
C)"doughnut city"
D)"urban-suburban city"

Question 67

Which statement best characterizes most public housing in Canada?

A)It is like the "projects" and "ghettos" of the United States.
B)It consists of large-scale,high-rise developments.
C)Its basic policies parallel public housing policies in Western Europe.
D)It consists of small projects in established neighbourhoods.

Question 68

In Windsor,Ontario,near the University of Windsor,many students take up residence with three to five roommates in what used to be single-family dwellings.This exemplifies which of the following zones,according to Burgess' concentric zone model?

A)zone 1
B)zone 2
C)zone 3
D)zone 4

Question 69

Which of the following would you find in Zone 1 of the concentric zone model?

A)homes for affluent families
B)a movie theatre,shops,and big business buildings
C)working-class residences,shops,and ethnic enclaves
D)bars,an immigrant centre,and a transient population

Question 70

Who developed the multiple-nuclei model?

A)Homer Hoyt
B)Amos Hawley
C)Robert Park
D)Harris and Ullman

Question 71

Suppose you overhear some sociology classmates who moved to the city from a rural area discussing that life in the city has changed not only their daily activities but also how they think about the world.With whose argument will you associate these ideas?

A)Herbert Gans
B)Ernest W.Burgess
C)Robert Park
D)Georg Simmel

Question 72

Recently the city of Edmonton announced several school closures in the inner city but simultaneously has numerous new schools planned to open in more affluent,suburban areas.Which of the following urban growth trends does this illustrate?

A)structural equality
B)agency favouritism
C)uneven development
D)gentrification

Question 73

Jessie performs in a local band called Rewind.According to Herbert Gans's categories of urban villagers,which category does Jessie belong to?

A)cosmopolites
B)the trapped
C)ethnic villagers
D)the deprived

Question 74

Which perspective notes that urban planners have now turned to the entertainment industry to help restore their cities and have tried to create what John Hannigan calls the "fantasy city"?

A)functionalist theory
B)conflict theory
C)symbolic interactionist theory
D)postmodernist theory

Question 75

A midsize city has three basic centres of development from which all growth has radiated.One centre is light industry,one is agriculture related,and the third is the service industry.Which of the following models does this best exemplify?

A)the sector model
B)social area analysis
C)the multiple nuclei model
D)the concentric zone model

Question 76

Pete and Alice both love the theatre and work downtown.According to Herbert Gans's categories of urban villagers,which category do Pete and Alice belong to?

A)cosmopolites
B)unmarried people and childless couples
C)ethnic villagers
D)the deprived

Question 77

Which of the following perspectives would claim that people become insensitive to individuals and events around them because of the intensity of city life?

A)functionalist theory
B)conflict theory
C)symbolic interactionist theory
D)postmodern theory

Question 78

According to scholar Elizabeth Wilson,some men categorize women in the city as "prostitutes," or "lesbians," or "women in need of protection." This implies which of the following?

A)The city is a gender regime.
B)The city is a sexual space.
C)The city mirrors the country.
D)The city is a personal domain.

Question 79

According to sociologist Lynn M.Appleton,different kinds of cities have different prevailing ideologies of how women and men should think,feel,and act;how access to social positions and control of resources should be managed;and how relationships between men and women should be conducted.What term does she use to describe this?

A)developmental histories
B)gender regimes
C)public patriarchies
D)gender management systems

Question 80

If you followed Simmel's view of city life,which of the following statements would you agree with?

A)Like others,I can be insensitive to other people around me.
B)Being friendly and open to others I meet on the street is more important than being friendly and open to people when I arrive at my appointments.
C)I don't feel as if I have any opportunities to be independent and make my own choices in the city.
D)Most of my interactions in the city are social.