Deck 11: Programming

Question 1

 An important characteristic of third-generation programming languages is that the source code can be written with simple tools, such as a word processor, and this code can be easily understood by programmers.​ 

Answer 1

  True

Question 2

 When high-level languages were originally conceived in the 1950s, they were dubbed second-generation languages because they seemed a major improvement over machine and assembly languages.​ 

Answer 2

  False

Question 3

 Prolog and other declarative languages were classified as fifth-generation languages.​ 

Answer 3

  True

Question 4

 The core of a computer program is a sequence of instructions. 

Question 5

 Third-generation languages added a level of abstraction to machine languages by substituting abbreviated command words for the strings of 1s and 0s used in machine languages.​ 

Question 6

 you can specify the actual solution in the problem statement.​ 

Question 7

 Microprocessors only understand machine language, so there has to be some way to convert assembly language instructions into 1s and 0s.​ 

Question 8

 Algorithms are usually written in a format that is specific to a particular programming language.​ 

Question 9

 The process of planning a computer program begins with a problem statement that clearly define the program's purpose.​ 

Question 10

 A low-level language uses command words and grammar based on human languages.​ 

Question 11

 A programming language that supports the procedural paradigm is called a declarative language.​ 

Question 12

 Structured English is a subset of the English language with a limited selection of sentence structures that reflect processing activities.​ 

Question 13

 Some software engineering activities overlap with the systems analysis and design activities​ 

Question 14

 Programmers insert documentation called  facts into the program code.​ 

Question 15

 Application programmers specialize in developing system software such as operating systems, device drivers, security modules, and communications software.​ 

Question 16

 The goto command is rarely used by skilled programmers because it can lead to programs that are difficult to understand and maintain.​ 

Question 17

 An API is a set of application or operating system functions that programmers can add to the programs they create.​ 

Question 18

 Agile methodologies tend to be used for large software development projects involving more than ten developers, geographically dispersed development teams, and life-critical applications.​ 

Question 19

 A simple example of a repetition control structure is the if...else command.​ 

Question 20

 Another way to express an algorithm is with pseudocode.​ 

Question 21

 A(n) _________ provides programmers with tools to build substantial sections of a program by pointing and clicking rather than typing lines of code.​ 

A) ​repetition control structure 
B) ​interprete 
C) ​VDE 
D) superclass​

Question 22

 ​Which of the following is not a characteristic for a good problem statement? 

A) ​It specifies any assumptions that define the scope of the problem. 
B) ​It contains detailed descriptions of the processes and tools that need to be developed. 
C) ​It clearly specifies the known information. 
D) ​It specifies when the problem has been solved.

Question 23

 The _____________ in a problem statement is the information that is supplied to the computer to help it solve a problem.​ 

A) ​known information 
B) ​assumption 
C) algorithm​ 
D) ​predicate

Question 24

 ​A(n) __________ is a factor that remains the same throughout a program. 

A) ​algorithm 
B) ​variable 
C) ​object 
D) ​constant

Question 25

 In Prolog, facts can have no more than two arguments.​ 

Question 26

 The procedural approach is best used for problems that can be solved by following a step-by-step algorithm.​ 

Question 27

 ____________ encompasses a broad set of activities that include planning, coding, testing, and documenting while a related activity, __________, is a development process that uses mathematical, engineering, and management techniques to reduce the cost and complexity of a computer program while increasing its reliability and modifiability.​ 

A) ​Software engineering, computer programming 
B) ​Computer programming, software engineering 
C) ​Application programming, systems programming 
D) ​Systems programming, application programming

Question 28

 When taking the object-oriented approach to a problem, one of the first steps is to identify the objects that pertain to a solution.​ 

Question 29

 The declarative paradigm is fundamentally quite similar to the procedural paradigm.​ 

Question 30

 programmers who work within the declarative paradigm envision a program as data objects that essentially network with each other to exchange data​ 

Question 31

 The order or sequence of rules in a Prolog program is usually critical.​ 

Question 32

 Generally speaking, in an object-oriented program, the objects don't interact.​ 

Question 33

 ​A subclass is any class that inherits attributes from a superclass 

Question 34

 As a general rule, declarative programming languages are most suitable for problems that pertain to words and concepts rather than to numbers.​ 

Question 35

 Declarative languages are commonly used for production applications.​ 

Question 36

 The instructions that make up a computer program are sometimes referred to as __________.​ 

A) ​code 
B) ​control 
C) encapsulation​ 
D) ​function

Question 37

 In a problem statement, you can limit complexity by making ____________.​ 

A) ​objects 
B) ​variables 
C) ​constants 
D) ​assumptions

Question 38

 The facts in a Prolog program are useful even without any rules.​ 

Question 39

 Procedural languages encourage programmers to approach problems by breaking the solution down to a series of steps.​ 

Question 40

 Prolog programming is all about facts and rules.​ 

Question 41

 Which of the following is a scripting language?​ 

A) ​Ruby 
B) ​Perl 
C) ​PHP 
D) ​all of the above

Question 42

 A(n) ________________ tells a computer what to do based on whether a condition is true or false.​ 

A) sequence control structure​ 
B) ​selection control structure 
C) ​repetition control structure 
D) ​walkthrough

Question 43

 Which programming language is used for artificial intelligence applications and expert systems?​ 

A) ​Prolog 
B) COBOL​ 
C) ​C++ 
D) ​Objective C

Question 44

 A(n) __________ is available for use by any routine in the program while a(n) _______________  can be accessed only from the routine in which it is defined.​ 

A) ​public attribute, class attribute 
B) ​private attribute, class attribute 
C) ​public attribute, private attribute 
D) ​class attribute, public attribute

Question 45

 A(n) _________ is a graphical representation of the way a computer should progress from one instruction to the next when it performs a task.​ 

A) ​paradigm 
B) ​flowchart 
C) ​pseudocode 
D) ​VDE

Question 46

 A low-level language has a low level of ___________ because it includes commands specific to a particular CPU or microprocessor family.​ 

A) ​flow control 
B) ​abstraction 
C) ​syntax 
D) ​iteration

Question 47

 __________-generation languages, such as COBOL and Fortran, were used extensively for business and scientific applications.​ 

A) ​First 
B) ​Second 
C) ​Third 
D) ​Fourth

Question 48

 The human-readable version of a program created in a high-level language by a programmer is called __________.​ 

A) ​source code 
B) op code​ 
C) ​object code 
D) structured English​

Question 49

 Which of the following is not a programming paradigm?​ 

A) ​Declarative 
B) Procedural​ 
C) ​Object-Oriented 
D) ​Predictive

Question 50

 A(n) _____________  defines the characteristics of a set of objects.​ 

A) ​class attribute 
B) ​control structure 
C) ​function 
D) ​method

Question 51

 In a repetition control structure, the computer is directed to repeat one or more instructions until a certain condition is met. The section of code that repeats is usually referred to as a(n) ___________.​ 

A) ​algorithm 
B) ​compiler 
C) ​iteration 
D) ​rule

Question 52

 Which programming language is an interpreted language most commonly used for client-side Web scripting, such as animating page elements and validating input on HTML forms?​ 

A) ​Prolog 
B) Pythod​ 
C) ​Java 
D) ​Javascript

Question 53

 A(n) ___________ converts all the statements in a program in a single batch, and the resulting collection of instructions, called ________, is placed in a new file.​ 

A) ​constant, variable 
B) object code, compiler​ 
C) ​compiler, object code 
D) ​interpreter, compiler

Question 54

 A(n) ____________ for a computer program is a set of steps that explains how to begin with known information specified in a problem statement and how to manipulate that information to arrive at a solution.​ 

A) ​control 
B) ​algorithm 
C) ​syntax 
D) ​parameter

Question 55

 A(n) _____________  changes the order in which instructions are carried out by directing the computer to execute an instruction elsewhere in the program.​ 

A) ​sequential execution 
B) ​formal method 
C) ​programming paradigm 
D) ​sequence control structure

Question 56

 The ________________ paradigm is based on the idea that the solution for a problem can be visualized in terms of objects that interact with each other.​ 

A) ​declarative 
B) ​object-oriented 
C) ​procedural 
D) ​none of the above

Question 57

 What is the term that refers to the sequence in which a computer executes program instructions?​ 

A) ​control structure 
B) ​Flow control 
C) ​walkthrough 
D) ​none of the above

Question 58

  _______________, such as BASIC, Python, Java, Prolog, and C++, make the programming process easier by replacing unintelligible strings of 1s and 0s or cryptic assembly commands with understandable commands, such as PRINT and WRITE.​ 

A) ​Low-level languages 
B) ​High-level languages 
C) ​First generation languages 
D) ​Multiparadigm languages

Question 59

 A(n) __________ is a section of code that is part of a program, but is not included in the main sequential execution path.​ 

A) ​function 
B) ​goto 
C) ​method 
D) ​iteration

Question 60

 In 1969, computer scientists began to develop high-level languages, called ________-generation languages, which more closely= resembled human languages.​ 

A) ​second 
B) ​third 
C) fourth​ 
D) ​none of the above

Question 61

 In the context of programming, a problem ____________ defines certain elements that must be manipulated to achieve a result or goal.​

Question 62

 In Prolog, the __________ describes the relationship between the _________ .​ 

A) ​argument, predicates 
B) ​predicate, rules 
C) ​rule, arguments 
D) ​predicate, arguments

Question 63

 In a problem statement, a(n) ____________ is something you accept as true in order to proceed with program planning.​

Question 64

 In a programming language, a(n) ______, or command, is a word with a predefined meaning​

Question 65

 Prolog allows you to ask open-ended questions by replacing constants with __________.​ 

A) ​parameters 
B) variables​ 
C) ​functions 
D) ​rules

Question 66

 Finding a value for a variable is referred to as ___________.​ 

A) ​instantiation 
B) ​abstraction 
C) ​argument 
D) ​inheritance

Question 67

 A(n) _________ methodology focuses on flexible development and specifications that evolve as a project progresses.​

Question 68

 A computer _____________ is a set of step-by-step instructions that tell a computer how to carry out a task.​

Question 69

 ___________ provides OO programs with easy extensibility and can help simplify program control structures.​ 

A) ​Polymorphism 
B) ​Inheritance 
C) ​Encapsulation 
D) ​Abstraction

Question 70

 _________________ refers to the process of hiding the internal details of objects and their methods.​ 

A) ​Abstraction 
B) ​Encapsulation 
C) ​Assumption 
D) ​Polymorphism

Question 71

 Keywords can be combined with specific ____________, which provide more detailed instructions for the computer to carry out.​

Question 72

 ​Computer historians believe that ____________ was the first programming language to work with objects, classes, inheritance, and methods. 

A) ​COBOL 
B) ​SIMULA  
C) ​Python 
D) ​Java

Question 73

 The _______________ paradigm describes aspects of a problem that lead to a solution.​​ 

A) ​procedural 
B) declarative​ 
C) object-oriented​ 
D) ​none of the above

Question 74

 In the context of Prolog programming, a(n) ________________ is a tabular method for visualizing and specifying rules based on multiple factors.​​ 

A) ​selection control structure 
B) ​decision table 
C) ​formal method 
D) ​storyboard

Question 75

 Programmers sometimes start with a set of _____________ that simplify a problem.​

Question 76

 Regarding OO programming, which of the following terms best matches with the term "method"?​ 

A) ​algorithm 
B) ​pseudocode 
C) ​syntax 
D) ​main()

Question 77

 In a problem statement, a(n) _____________ methodology requires extensive planning and documentation up front.​

Question 78

 _____________ programmers create productivity applications such as Microsoft Office, as well as enterprise applications such as CRM and ERP.​

Question 79

 ____________ programmers specialize in developing system software such as operating systems, device drivers, security modules, and communications software.​

Question 80

 Within the agile development framework, the process of developing each iteration of a program is called a(n) _________.​