Deck 9: Clinical: Food-Drug Interactions

Question 1

Decreased serum albumin levels, which is seen in many conditions, including malnutrition and liver disease, affect medications by

A)leading to decreased serum levels of free fraction of a drug.
B)leading to increased serum levels of free fraction of a drug.
C)leading to decreased metabolism of the drug by the liver.
D)leading to decreased pharmacologic effects.

Answer 1

B
Albumin is a primary carrier protein of drugs in the blood, and when albumin levels decrease, fewer binding sites for protein-bound drugs leave a larger free fraction of the protein available to leave the blood and affect target tissues.This results in an increased pharmacologic effect of the drug.Biotransformation systems in the liver and other tissues are not dependent upon albumin.

Question 2

Which of the following medications should not be taken with foods that contain bran?

A)Alendronate (Fosamax)
B)Iron supplements
C)Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
D)Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Answer 2

A
The phytates in bran bind with the drug digoxin leading to a loss of therapeutic effect.Various food components impair the absorption of alendronate, iron supplements, and ciprofloxacin.

Question 3

Supplementation of coenzyme Q10 should be considered in patient taking which drug?

A)Carbamazepine
B)Methotrexate
C)Lipitor
D)Cholestyramine

Answer 3

C
Statin drugs, such as Lipitor, are also known as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.They affect the formation of CoQ10 and the result it decreased circulating levels.Methotrexate is a folic acid antagonist.Cholestyramine absorbs fat-soluble vitamins, and carbamazine affects the metabolism of biotin, vitamin D, and folic acid.

Question 4

The cancer chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate acts as an antagonist to

A)thiamin.
B)vitamin B12.
C)folate.
D)vitamin B6.

Question 5

A patient is being treated for depression with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor.Which of the following should the patient be instructed to avoid while taking this medication?

A)Milk, soy protein, and grapefruit
B)Cheese, salami, and Chianti wine
C)Tomatoes, onions, and poultry
D)Cantaloupe, canned pineapple, and peanuts

Question 6

An excipient is a(n)

A)acetylation process.
B)active ingredient in a drug.
C)pressor agent.
D)inactive ingredient.

Question 7

A patient is receiving warfarin (Coumadin).What MNT education should this patient receive?

A)Decrease intake of vitamin K foods.
B)Maintain consistent vitamin K intake.
C)Increase intake of vitamin D and calcium-rich foods.
D)Maintain consistent vitamin D intake.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a possible side effect of use of corticosteroids?

A)Bone loss
B)Hyperglycemia
C)Hypotension
D)Obesity

Question 9

Antacids, H₂-receptor antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors affect the absorption of calcium, iron, and magnesium through

A)decreased bioavailability caused by change in gastrointestinal pH.
B)decreased bioavailability caused by inhibition of small intestine enzymes.
C)decreased bioavailability caused by damage to the intestinal mucosa.
D)increased bioavailability caused by change in gastrointestinal pH.

Question 10

Which of the following medications could be given to a patient with cancer or AIDS to stimulate food intake?

A)Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)
B)Sibutramine (Meridia)
C)Phentermine (Adipex-P)
D)Oxandrolone (Oxandrin)

Question 11

Patients receiving anticonvulsant medications, such as phenytoin and phenobarbital, may need to be supplemented with which nutrients?

A)Ascorbic acid and vitamin A
B)Ascorbic acid and vitamin D
C)Folate and vitamin D
D)Iron and vitamin A

Question 12

Pseudomembranous colitis is a serious side effect of antibiotic therapy

A)that results from a food-drug interaction .
B)that is caused by Clostridium difficile infection.
C)that can be avoided with good nutrition.
D)related to hypertension.

Question 13

Which term describes the metabolism of drugs by reactions such as oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, or conjugation?

A)Bioavailability
B)Biotransformation
C)Excipient
D)Pharmacodynamics

Question 14

Which term is used to describe the movement of a drug through the body by absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion?

A)Pharmacodynamics
B)Pharmacogenomics
C)Pharmacokinetics
D)Polypharmacy

Question 15

Patients receiving the antibiotic tetracycline should be taught to avoid taking it with what?

A)Fruit juices
B)Meat
C)Milk
D)Sucrose-containing desserts

Question 16

The gastrointestinal side effect commonly seen when narcotic drugs such as codeine and morphine are administered is

A)a change in taste.
B)constipation.
C)gastrointestinal bleeding.
D)anorexia.

Question 17

Hypertensive patients who are taking loop diuretics for reduction of blood pressure may experience hypokalemia.Which other electrolyte does NOT need to be monitored for a potential secondary nutrient deficiency?

A)Magnesium
B)Sodium
C)Phosphorus
D)Calcium

Question 18

When the sedative propofol (Diprivan) is administered to a patient, what nutritional consequence must be considered?

A)It can provide 1.1 kcal/mL of lipid.
B)It can provide extra calcium.
C)It contains lactose and may promote lactose intolerance.
D)It contains wheat starch and may affect people with celiac disease.

Question 19

Which of the following is an appropriate procedure for administering oral medications through a feeding tube?

A)Stop the feeding and irrigate the tube with water before and after administering the medication.
B)Mix the medications with water and add them to the feeding formula.
C)Crush the medications, mix them with water, and then add them to feeding formula.
D)Sudafed cough syrup and Robitussin expectorant may be added directly to the feeding formula.

Question 20

Which of the following drugs will produced an Antabuse (disulfiram)-like reaction when taken with ethanol?

A)Metronidazole (Flagyl)
B)Captopril (Capoten)
C)Paclitaxel (Taxol)
D)Eszopiclone (Lunesta)