Deck 17: Nutrition During Infancy

Question 1

Which feeding practice will avoid the development of tooth decay in infants?

A)Give the infant a bottle with fruit juice at bedtime.
B)Give the infant a bottle with milk at bedtime.
C)Put the infant to bed without a bottle.
D)Give the infant a bottle at bedtime only when he or she appears fussy.

Answer 1

C
Giving an infant a bottle at bedtime with either milk or fruit juice allows the teeth to be bathed in the simple carbohydrate that promotes dental caries development.To promote dental health, infants should be fed and burped and then put to bed without a bottle.Also, infants and young children should be limited to 4 to 6 fl oz of juice per day.

Question 2

Compared with later stages of the life cycle, which of the following describes the infant's protein requirement?

A)It is lower on a per-kilogram basis than that of the older child.
B)It is lower on a per-kilogram basis than that of an adult.
C)It is higher on a per-kilogram basis than that of an adult.
D)It is the same on a per-kilogram basis as that of an adult.

Answer 2

C
Infancy is a period of rapid growth, with the infant doubling in weight around 4 to 6 months.At no other time postpartum does a human gain in weight and size this quickly.To allow for this growth, the protein needs on a weight basis are greater than those at any other point in the life cycle.

Question 3

When should the addition of iron to the diet of both formula-fed and breastfed infants begin?

A)6 weeks
B)4 to 6 months
C)6 to 9 months
D)1 year

Answer 3

B
The iron stores in infants are adequate enough to provide for growth up to double their birth weight, which, in most cases, comes around 4 to 6 months.Although the iron in breast milk is highly bioavailable, continuing to only breastfeed an infant past 4 to 6 months of age will lead to depletion of the infant's iron stores by 6 to 9 months.To prevent this depletion, additional sources of iron are needed in the infant's diet.

Question 4

What are the recommended guidelines regarding the use of low-fat and nonfat milk for infants?

A)These are appropriate for overweight infants during the first year.
B)These are appropriate for any infant during the first year.
C)These are inappropriate for infants during the first year.
D)These are inappropriate for infants during the first 3 months of life.

Question 5

What is the recommendation for vitamin supplementation of infants fed commercially prepared formula?

A)It is rarely needed.
B)Supplement only vitamins.
C)Only water-soluble vitamins should be supplemented.
D)Only fat-soluble vitamins should be supplemented.

Question 6

When plotting an infant's weight or length on a percentile growth chart, a curve is produced that can be used to follow the infant's growth.What is this curve called?

A)Growth velocity
B)Growth channel
C)Catch-up growth
D)Lag-down growth

Question 7

For a breastfed infant, which nutrient(s) should be the earliest to be supplemented?

A)Fluoride and vitamin D
B)Iron and magnesium
C)Vitamin C
D)Vitamin K

Question 8

How many kilocalories are provided by 6 fluid ounces of breast milk or standard infant formula?

A)60 kcal
B)120 kcal
C)180 kcal
D)300 kcal

Question 9

Which vitamin is NOT adequately provided by breast milk?

A)Vitamin C
B)Niacin
C)Vitamin D
D)Vitamin A

Question 10

Why are infants particularly susceptible to developing dehydration?

A)Their mass-to-surface ratio is low.
B)Their insulation is poor, resulting in increased water loss.
C)Their renal concentrating ability is less than that of older children.
D)The increased liquidity of their stools results in greater fluid loss.

Question 11

When should the introduction of semisolid and strained foods to the infant's diet begin?

A)6 to 8 weeks
B)2 to 4 months
C)4 to 6 months
D)6 to 8 months

Question 12

To meet the fluoride needs of a breastfed infant, what should parents be instructed to do?

A)Begin giving fluoride supplements immediately after birth.
B)Supplement the mother's diet with fluoride.
C)Begin giving fluoridated water when the baby's teeth erupt.
D)When the infant starts eating solid foods, the foods will provide enough fluoride.

Question 13

Which of the following describes the growth expectations for most infants?

A)The birth weight is usually regained by the end of the first month.
B)Infants triple their birth weight by 6 months of age.
C)Infants double their birth weight by 4 to 6 months of age.
D)Infants triple their length by 3 years of age.

Question 14

What is the appropriate serving size for foods offered to a small child?

A)1 tsp for each year of age
B)1 Tbsp for each year of age
C)1/2 cup of each food served
D)1 cup total food per meal

Question 15

Why should whole cow's milk NOT be given to infants younger than 1 year of age?

A)It decreases the renal solute load.
B)It can lead to obesity in toddlers.
C)It lacks the anti-infective quality of formulas.
D)It is associated with lower intakes of iron and linoleic acid.

Question 16

What should the caregiver avoid feeding an infant to reduce the risk of choking?

A)Cheese and pudding
B)Grapes and hot dogs
C)Graham crackers and cheese
D)Pasta, such as macaroni

Question 17

Compared with formula-fed infants, why do breastfed infants experience a reduced incidence of infections?

A)Human milk is higher in fat.
B)Human milk has anti-infective factors.
C)Commercial infant formula is higher in iron.
D)Commercial infant formula is higher in fat.

Question 18

Why should honey NOT be used in home-prepared formulas for infants?

A)The added sweetener will cause the infant to crave sweets.
B)The sugars present cannot be digested by the infant.
C)The honey will settle out in the formula and cause a curdled appearance.
D)The infant has no immunity to the botulism spore that may be present.

Question 19

What would be a behavior demonstrated by a 7- to 9-month-old to indicate that she is sated and finished eating?

A)She falls asleep.
B)She pays more attention to her surroundings.
C)She plays with or throws her utensils.
D)She hands her cup or bottle to her mother.

Question 20

For how long do both the American Academy of Pediatricians and the American Dietetic Association recommend exclusive breastfeeding of infants?

A)For 3 months
B)For 6 months
C)For the first year
D)Up until the age of 2 years