Question 1

Why does constipation occur in elderly adults?&#10;A)Increased motility in the small intestine&#10;B)Decreased motility in the small intestine&#10;C)Increased motility in the large intestine&#10;D)Decreased motility in the large intestine

Accepted Answer

Constipation involves a reduction of bowel movements, and one potential reason is a decrease in the motility in the large intestine.The longer intestinal contents remain in the colon, the more water is absorbed and the harder the stool is to transit and eliminate.Delayed transit time, medications, and reduced stimulation of the gut through reduced physical activity all contribute to the development of constipation.

Question 2

What is the multivitamin recommendation for patients with pressure ulcers?&#10;A)Should be given with all stages of pressure ulcers&#10;B)Should only be given with stage IV pressure ulcers&#10;C)Should be given with stage III and stage IV pressure ulcers&#10;D)There is no recommendation for multivitamins and pressure ulcers

Accepted Answer

It is recommended that a multivitamin be given to patients with stage III and stage IV pressure ulcers.

Question 3

Which of the following can result from atrophic gastritis associated with aging?&#10;A)Decreased calcium and non-heme iron absorption&#10;B)Diminished absorption of vitamin B12&#10;C)Decreased absorption of carbohydrates&#10;D)Increased intestinal transit time

Accepted Answer

When the gastric mucosa atrophies, there is a reduction in the secretion of intrinsic factor.This is necessary to promote the absorption of vitamin B₁₂ from dietary sources.Reduced acid production also affects the absorption of non-heme iron but not necessarily calcium.The acid is also needed for the denaturation of protein.

Question 4

Nutrition screening using the BMI as an indicator&#10;A)is the best indicator for those 85 years of age and older.&#10;B)may not be accurate because of body composition changes in elderly adults.&#10;C)is better than using mid-arm muscle circumference.&#10;D)is not part of the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA).

Accepted Answer

The MNA includes six questions and the BMI or calf circumference.However, BMI may not yield accurate results because fat mass increases and lean tissue decreases with aging.A measure such as the mid-arm muscle circumference more accurately reflects body composition.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about elderly adults is FALSE?&#10;A)Among the oldest old, there are more women than men.&#10;B)More elderly men than women are married.&#10;C)Most elderly live in nursing homes.&#10;D)The life expectancy of older adults is greater than it was 100 years ago.

Accepted Answer

Most of today's elderly adults (95%) live someplace other than a nursing home.Women tend to outlive men, so there are more women alive than men at ages 85 years and older.Because of this, there are more women available for men to marry.In 1900, the life expectancy was into the 40s.Now life expectancy is 77 years.

Question 6

How would a pressure ulcer be classified if it involves a partial-thickness skin loss involving the epidermis and dermis, presenting as an abrasion or shallow crater?&#10;A)Stage 1&#10;B)Stage 2&#10;C)Stage 3&#10;D)Stage 4

Accepted Answer

A stage 2 pressure ulcer involves a partial-thickness skin loss.Stage 1 pressure ulcers involve intact skin, but the skin may appear red, feel firm or boggy, and may promote an itching or painful sensation.Stage 3 and 4 pressure ulcers are full-thickness wounds.Stage 3 pressure ulcers involve the subcutaneous tissue, and stage 4 pressure ulcers go through the fascia and may affect muscle or bone.

Question 7

The 2010 health care reform legislation expands Medicare to include&#10;A)annual wellness visit.&#10;B)education and counseling.&#10;C)expanded coverage for reimbursement for dietitians.&#10;D)all of the above.

Accepted Answer

The 2010 health care reform legislation changed Medicare to include an annual wellness visit and a personalized prevention assessment.Prevention services include referrals to education and preventive counseling or community-based interventions to address risk factors.It also expands medical nutrition therapy reimbursement for registered dietitians to cover therapy considered reasonable and necessary for the prevention of illness and disability.

Question 8

Increased intake of which nutrient may be required in a patient who has pressure ulcers?&#10;A)Water&#10;B)Vitamin B12&#10;C)Protein&#10;D)Potassium

Accepted Answer

Pressure ulcers require protein for wound healing.The amount of protein recommended depends on the stage of the pressure ulcer.Protein deficiency contributes to the development of the pressure ulcer.A multivitamin and mineral supplement is recommended, but there are no specific recommendations for increased vitamin B₁₂ or potassium.

Question 9

A supercentenarian is&#10;A)a woman who is currently 65 years of age who is expected to live to be 100 years old.&#10;B)someone born today who can expect to live to be 100 years old or older.&#10;C)someone who is 100 years old or older with no disease.&#10;D)someone older than 110 years.

Accepted Answer

A supercentenarian is a new group of individuals identified to be older than 110 years of age.This population is now big enough to warrant research.

Question 10

In Medicare benefits, for which of the following are MNT services NOT included?&#10;A)Preventive services&#10;B)Cancer&#10;C)Diabetes&#10;D)Pre-end-stage kidney disease

Accepted Answer

The addition of medical nutrition therapy to Medicare benefits began in 2002 with coverage for nutrition services in the treatment of diabetes and kidney disease.In 2005, expansion of Medicare benefits included the provision of MNT in preventive services for new Medicare beneficiaries.In 2006, CMS began working with long-term care improvement programs to address certain chronic conditions in an effort to reduce hospitalizations.Cancer has not been identified as one of the conditions covered.

Question 11

Which of the following theories of aging is a predetermination theory?&#10;A)Genetic theory&#10;B)Wear and tear theory&#10;C)Free radical theory&#10;D)Somatic mutation theory

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following theories of aging...

Question 12

The Omnibus Reconciliation Act (OBRA)&#10;A)is aimed at assisted living facilities.&#10;B)pays for dietitian consults for those older than 65 years of age.&#10;C)is reform legislation aimed at improving skilled nursing care.&#10;D)is reform legislation aimed at congregate meal sites.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Omnibus Reconciliation Act (OBRA)&#10;A)is aimed at...

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT one of the four syndromes known to be predictive of adverse outcomes in older adults?&#10;A)Depression&#10;B)Diabetes&#10;C)Cognitive impairment&#10;D)Malnutrition

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT one...

Question 14

Presbycusis is&#10;A)inability to swallow.&#10;B)loss of the sense of taste.&#10;C)hearing loss.&#10;D)lack of dentition.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Presbycusis is&#10;A)inability to swallow.&#10;B)loss of the sense...

Question 15

Which of the following theories of aging is an accumulated damage theory?&#10;A)Rate of living theory&#10;B)Pacemaker theory&#10;C)Immune system theory&#10;D)Cross-link theory

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following theories of aging...

Question 16

Which changes are associated with the normal process of aging?&#10;A)Loss of lean body mass, decreased metabolic rate, and decreased function&#10;B)Loss of lean body mass, increased metabolic rate, and increased physical activity&#10;C)Increased lean body mass, increased metabolic rate, and increased physical activity&#10;D)Increased muscle strength and function

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which changes are associated with the normal...

Question 17

What is dysgeusia?&#10;A)Diminished sense of smell&#10;B)Loss of sense of taste&#10;C)Dry mouth from decreased salivation&#10;D)Result of hypochlorhydria

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is dysgeusia?&#10;A)Diminished sense of smell&#10;B)Loss of...

Question 18

Which program would most likely provide nutritious meals in eligible adult day centers?&#10;A)OAA congregate meals&#10;B)Commodity Supplemental Food Program&#10;C)Child and Adult Care Food Program&#10;D)Seniors' Farmers Market Nutrition Program

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which program would most likely provide nutritious...

Question 19

Home-delivered meals provided for under the Older Americans Act nutrition program is administered by what agency?&#10;A)USDA&#10;B)USDHHS&#10;C)ALF&#10;D)CMS

Accepted Answer

The answer of Home-delivered meals provided for under the Older...

Question 20

A 70-kg man with a stage IV pressure ulcer needs ___________g/day of protein and __________kcal/day.&#10;A)84, 2100&#10;B)70, 2800&#10;C)105, 2450&#10;D)140, 2100

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 70-kg man with a stage IV...

Deck 21: Nutrition in Aging