Deck 22: Weight Management

Question 1

Which of the following does the NIH identify as being an appropriate candidate for bariatric surgery?

A)A person with metabolic syndrome
B)A patient with BMI of 25 to 29 with high blood pressure
C)A patient with BMI of 30 to 34
D)A patient with BMI of 40 or higher

Answer 1

D
Bariatric surgery is an acceptable treatment for people with extreme obesity.A person with a BMI greater than 40 or person with a BMI greater than 35 with comorbidities would be an ideal candidate.Combinations of diet therapy, exercise, and lifestyle modification should be attempted before surgical intervention is sought.

Question 2

The rate of weight loss for men on energy-deficient diets is more rapid than for women because men

A)generally have less fat to lose.
B)are more successful at weight reduction programs.
C)have higher RMR and LBM than women.
D)are more likely to exercise while trying to lose weight.

Answer 2

C
Men lose weight faster than women of similar size because of their higher proportion of lean body mass and the resulting increase in resting metabolic rate.This results in higher calorie expenditure in men, leading to weight loss occurring more quickly.The amount of fat men and women have is affected by a variety of genetic and lifestyle factors, so men do not necessarily have less fat than women.The use and success of additional therapies beyond diet depend on individual choice and commitment to weight loss.

Question 3

What methods of weight reduction have the highest rates of success?

A)Diet combined with exercise
B)Diet combined with lifestyle modification
C)Diet, exercise, and lifestyle modification all combined
D)Exercise combined with lifestyle modification

Answer 3

C
Weight reduction programs that integrate diet with physical activity and lifestyle modifications are the most likely to succeed.Whereas the promotion of weight loss by decreasing calorie intake is a primary component, physical activity has been demonstrated as being necessary for helping to maintain the weight loss.Behavior modification helps the person seeking weight loss learn about lifestyle and environmental factors that contribute to the promotion of weight gain.Inclusion of the understanding of what beyond food and activity contributes to obesity can help the patient make lifestyle changes to support the weight loss.

Question 4

The metabolic syndrome is associated with which of the following groups of disorders?

A)Glucose intolerance, gout, and hypertension
B)Gout, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia
C)Glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension
D)Hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension

Question 5

What should be the treatment goal in regard to a child or adolescent who is identified as overweight?

A)Promote weight loss of 1 to 2 pounds per week.
B)Promote weight loss to reduce BMI below the 85th percentile.
C)Promote weight maintenance and increased physical activity.
D)Promote weight loss of 10 to 12 pounds per year.

Question 6

Which of the following results from the use of fasting as a means of weight loss?

A)Excessive weight gain after refeeding
B)An initial rapid weight loss from diuresis
C)A decrease in ketone formation
D)Carbohydrate craving

Question 7

Gout may develop during fasting or after very-low-calorie diets.This occurs because elevated ketones are impeding the elimination of

A)uric acid.
B)creatinine.
C)sodium.
D)potassium.

Question 8

Which enzyme removes dietary triglyceride from the blood?

A)Hormone-sensitive lipase
B)Lipoprotein lipase
C)Cholecystokinin
D)Insulin

Question 9

The greatest percentage of body fat is set

A)at birth.
B)at 6 years of age.
C)at 6 months of age.
D)before birth by genetics.

Question 10

Which of the following was NOT recommended by the National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) as a method to maintain weight?

A)Eating a relatively low-fat (24%) diet
B)Eating breakfast almost every day
C)Replacing full calorie drinks with zero-calorie substitutes
D)Engaging in high levels (60 to 90 min/day) of physical activity

Question 11

The NWCR identified which behavior that resulted in successful long-term weight loss?

A)Use of very-low-calorie diets
B)Use of pharmaceuticals
C)Attending support groups
D)Eating breakfast

Question 12

During starvation, the body's adaptive response is a

A)drop in the RMR as much as 15% in 2 weeks.
B)rise in the RMR as much as 15% in 2 weeks.
C)drop in the RMR as much as 25% in 1 month.
D)rise in the RMR as much as 25% in 1 month.

Question 13

Aerobic exercise is effective in weight management because it

A)lowers glycogen stores and promotes the use of fat for fuel.
B)decreases lean body mass in proportion to fat.
C)increases resistance to insulin.
D)decreases sensitivity to insulin.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true in regard to diets that severely limit carbohydrates?

A)They result in long-term maintenance of weight loss.
B)They result in weight loss in the first 6 months but are not effective after 1 year.
C)They are not deficient in nutrients.
D)The initial weight loss is fat, not water.

Question 15

An estimated 66% of U.S.adults are overweight, and of those, 32% are obese.In the United States, the prevalence of obesity is higher in black and Hispanic populations, especially among Mexican American women (CDC, 2007; see Figure 22-2).REF: pp.465, 467
What happens to the resting metabolic rate (RMR) as a result of exercise as part of a weight management program?

A)RMR increases as adipose tissue is increased with exercise.
B)RMR decreases as adipose tissue is decreased with exercise.
C)RMR decreases as lean body mass is decreased with exercise.
D)RMR increases as lean body mass is increased with exercise.

Question 16

Which of the following diets advocates that carbohydrates should contribute no more than 40% of the total calories?

A)Low-carbohydrate diet
B)Protein-sparing modified diet
C)Very-low-calorie diet
D)Zone diet

Question 17

Which of the following bariatric surgeries promotes weight loss through a combination of food restriction and malabsorption?

A)Gastric banding
B)Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
C)Vertical banded gastroplasty
D)Liposuction

Question 18

An increased incidence of which of the following diseases is NOT associated with obesity?

A)Heart disease
B)Osteoporosis
C)Gallbladder disease
D)Sleep apnea

Question 19

Obese women should lose weight before becoming pregnant because of the possible impact of what compound released when adipose tissue is mobilized?

A)Ghrelin
B)Insulin
C)Semi-volatile organic compounds
D)Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines

Question 20

What is the current trend regarding the occurrence of obesity in the United States?

A)Obesity is on the decline and more prevalent in women than in men.
B)Obesity is on the decline and more prevalent in men than in women.
C)Obesity is on the rise and more prevalent in women than in men.
D)Obesity is on the rise and more prevalent in men than in women.