Deck 29: Medical Nutrition Therapy for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Question 1

How much lactose can most lactase-deficient people consume without major symptoms?

A)The equivalent to 1/2 cup of milk
B)The equivalent to 1 cup of milk
C)12 to 15 g of lactose
D)Lactase-deficient people cannot consume any lactose without experiencing symptoms.

Answer 1

A
Most people with lactase deficiency can consume 6 g of lactose or the equivalent of 1/2 cup of milk without experiencing symptoms.Many can ultimately adapt to consuming 1 whole cup of milk when it is introduced gradually and increased incrementally over the course of several weeks.

Question 2

What should patients with Crohn's disease be monitored for when experiencing diarrhea?

A)Calcium and phosphorus status
B)Magnesium and iron status
C)Zinc and potassium status
D)Iron and selenium status

Answer 2

C
Although maldigestion, malabsorption, and drug-nutrient interactions may contribute to the need for overall vitamin and mineral supplementation in patients with Crohn's disease, diarrhea experienced by the patient promotes the reduction of potassium, selenium, and zinc stores in particular.

Question 3

Which of the following patients with small bowel resection is the LEAST likely to need long-term parenteral nutrition?

A)40-year-old man with a jejunal resection
B)20-year-old woman who had radiation enteritis before resection
C)60-year-old woman with an almost total ileal resection
D)50-year-old woman with the ileocecal valve removed

Answer 3

A
Although most patients with significant bowel resection need parenteral nutrition initially to restore and maintain nutritional status, a patient with a jejunal resection adapts to enteral nutrition and oral diet more quickly after surgery because the ileum can adapt to perform the functions of the jejunum.Risk factors for dependence on long-term parenteral nutrition include elderly age, extensive removal of the ileum, loss of the ileocecal valve, and residual disease in the bowel (e.g., radiation enteritis).

Question 4

What is a characteristic difference between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis?

A)Age at disease onset
B)Segmental versus continuous distribution of the disease throughout the GI tract
C)Clinical features of diarrhea, food intolerance, and dehydration
D)Medical management with steroids and diet

Question 5

In the MNT for inflammatory bowel disease, which of the following is LEAST likely to be used?

A)Low-residue diet
B)Parenteral nutrition
C)Lactose-free or reduced diet
D)High-fiber diet

Question 6

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing colon cancer?

A)IBS
B)Lactase deficiency
C)Polyps
D)Diverticulitis

Question 7

Why do renal oxalate stones form as a consequence of ileal resection?

A)Inadequate intake of dietary fiber and water
B)Malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins
C)Malabsorption of calcium, zinc, and magnesium
D)Malabsorption of vitamin B12 and intrinsic factor complex

Question 8

The most common cause of antibiotic-induced diarrhea is

A)Lactobacillus spp.
B)Saccharomyces boulardii.
C)Escherichia coli.
D)Clostridium difficile.

Question 9

What should be in the solution used for fluid replacement for acute diarrhea in infants and small children?

A)Vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes
B)Glucose and electrolytes in water
C)Chemically defined formula
D)Lactose-free formula

Question 10

What condition is associated with the feeling of incomplete evacuation of the bowel?

A)Inflammatory bowel disease
B)Constipation
C)Irritable bowel syndrome
D)Diverticulosis

Question 11

What is the most common carbohydrate intolerance that affects people of all ages?

A)Lactose intolerance
B)Galactose intolerance
C)Sucrose intolerance
D)Maltose intolerance

Question 12

What type of diarrhea may be experienced by a patient with lactase deficiency?

A)Exudative diarrhea
B)Malabsorptive diarrhea
C)Osmotic diarrhea
D)Secretory diarrhea

Question 13

A lifelong low-fiber diet is considered to be a cause of which disease?

A)Crohn's disease
B)Diverticulitis
C)Ulcerative colitis
D)Tropical sprue

Question 14

What should be included in the initial treatment of diarrhea?

A)Low-fat, low-fiber diet
B)Replacement of lost fluids and electrolytes
C)Increase of high-pectin foods
D)High-fiber diet to increase stool bulk and restore normal bowel motility

Question 15

___________is the preferred fuel for the small intestinal enterocyte and is considered important to adaption after bowel resection.

A)Glucose
B)Glutamine
C)MCT
D)Butyrate

Question 16

The use of omega-3 fatty acid supplements has been associated with reduced disease activity in

A)Colon polyps
B)Celiac disease
C)Crohn's disease
D)IBS

Question 17

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs)?

A)MCTs are rapidly hydrolyzed and absorbed in the absence of bile acids.
B)MCTs require pancreatic lipase for digestion.
C)MCTs must be administered intravenously in PN.
D)MCTs are contraindicated in steatorrhea and other malabsorptive conditions.

Question 18

Which of the following should be included in the advice given to a patient regarding eating a high-fiber diet?

A)Increase polyunsaturated fat intake.
B)Make sure to get more vitamin C.
C)Drink at least 2 L of water each day.
D)Make sure to get more iron.

Question 19

Blind loop syndrome is

A)an abnormal passage between two internal organs.
B)the presence of excessive amounts of gas in the GI tract.
C)a disorder of bacterial overgrowth with resulting malabsorption.
D)a malabsorptive condition resulting from massive bowel resection.

Question 20

Which of the following are NOT included in the gluten-restricted, gliadin-free diet to treat celiac disease?

A)Wheat, rye, barley, and oats
B)Corn, rice, soybeans, and tapioca
C)Potatoes, hydrolyzed vegetable protein, and arrowroot starch
D)Wheat, rice, barley, and corn