Deck 33: Medical Nutrition Therapy for Anemia

Question 1

What does the quantity plasma ferritin value provide a measure of when iron status is evaluated?

A)Supply of iron delivered to developing red blood cells
B)The most sensitive indicator of negative iron balance
C)Total iron-binding capacity
D)Iron supply to the tissues

Answer 1

B
Plasma ferritin levels reflect total iron stores.Transferrin saturation is a measure of the iron supply available for the tissues of the body and in use for developing red blood cells.Transferrin iron-binding capacity is a measure of the capacity of transferrin to take on and become saturated with iron.

Question 2

Which protein is most responsible for the transport of vitamin B₁₂ to target cells in the body?

A)Haptocorrin
B)Intrinsic factor
C)Holotranscobalamin I
D)Holotranscobalamin II

Answer 2

D
Holotranscobalamin II protein is important in the delivery of vitamin B₁₂ to all cells needing it.Although only 25% of the vitamin B₁₂ is bound to TC II, lack of TC II develops into megaloblastic anemia.Haptocorrin, or TC I, binds about 75% of the circulating vitamin B₁₂.Intrinsic factor is involved with the transport and absorption of vitamin B₁₂ in the GI tract.

Question 3

After absorption, iron is transported by

A)hemoglobin.
B)serum albumin.
C)plasma transferrin.
D)Protoporphyrin.

Answer 3

C
Transferrin is the primary transport protein for iron from the gut to other tissues.Hemoglobin is the oxygen-carrying pigment of red blood cells that relies on iron as a functional component.Serum albumin is a common transport protein of minerals through the blood.Protoporphyrin is the iron-containing portion of the respiratory pigments that combines with protein to form hemoglobin and myoglobin.

Question 4

Which form of folate is the one that becomes "trapped" when vitamin B₁₂ deficiency occurs?

A)Folate
B)THFA
C)5-Methyl THFA
D)5,10-Methyl THFA

Question 5

Which nutrient deficiency is most likely to cause an anemia that appears microcytic and hypochromic?

A)Folic acid
B)Pyridoxine
C)Iron
D)Vitamin B12

Question 6

Which of the following food groupings has the greatest iron content?

A)Milk, raisins, and spinach
B)Broccoli, Rice Krispies, and black beans
C)Kidney beans, pistachio nuts, and eggs
D)Tuna fish, beef tenderloin steak, and chicken liver

Question 7

In what stage of iron deficiency does the value of soluble serum transferrin receptors measure as high as in the blood?

A)Stage I early negative iron balance
B)Stage II iron depletion
C)Stage III iron-deficient erythropoiesis
D)Stage IV iron-deficiency anemia

Question 8

Which biochemical measure is useful in evaluating the body's folate stores?

A)Serum folate level
B)Red blood cell folate level
C)Urinary formiminoglutamic acid (FIGLU)
D)Serum homocysteine level

Question 9

Which of the following may reduce the absorption of iron when consumed in large amounts?

A)Coffee or tea with meals
B)Leavened bread
C)Pork
D)Fish

Question 10

Hepcidin, a peptide synthesized in the liver, is associated with what function?

A)Absorption of vitamin B12
B)Iron saturation of myoglobin
C)Increasing iron absorption
D)Systemic iron homeostasis

Question 11

Foods high in _____ should be avoided by individuals with sickle cell anemia.

A)protein
B)folate
C)iron
D)vitamin A

Question 12

Which nutrient deficiency is associated with the development of hemolytic anemia?

A)Iron
B)Vitamin B6
C)Vitamin E
D)Folate

Question 13

The Shilling test is useful in diagnosing which type of anemia?

A)Pernicious
B)Iron deficiency
C)Hemolytic
D)Medication induced

Question 14

Which of the following enhances the absorption of dietary iron and iron supplements?

A)Calcium-containing foods
B)Carbohydrates
C)Vitamin C
D)Magnesium

Question 15

Which of the following food groups should be limited to maximize the absorption of iron?

A)Meat, fish, and poultry
B)Ascorbic acid, tea, and vegetable fiber
C)Vegetable fiber, tea, and soybeans
D)Fish, unrefined cereals, and egg yolks

Question 16

What causes pernicious anemia?

A)Problem with vitamin B12 intake or absorption
B)A loss of blood through the gastrointestinal tract
C)A lack of iron from both heme and nonheme iron sources
D)Interference with pyridoxine metabolism

Question 17

Restless legs syndrome is associated with deficiency of what nutrient?

A)Iron
B)Folic acid
C)Vitamin B12
D)Vitamin C

Question 18

Although severe microcytic, hypochromic anemia is present, which of the following is also a characteristic of sideroblastic anemia?

A)Iron overload
B)Low serum iron levels
C)High serum iron and low tissue iron levels
D)Low tissue iron levels

Question 19

Which of the following foods provide significant amounts of folate in the diet?

A)Fish and seafood
B)Milk products
C)Fresh fruit and vegetables
D)Eggs and poultry

Question 20

How does pernicious anemia differ from folate deficiency?

A)Pernicious anemia is easily treated by dietary alterations.
B)Pernicious anemia affects the central and peripheral nervous systems.
C)Pernicious anemia is reversible with treatment.
D)Pernicious anemia results in microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells.