Deck 2: Energy

Question 1

How is the determination of the physical activity level (PAL) categories beyond sedentary different from the sedentary category?

A)They are based on METs.
B)They are based on the pace of walking.
C)They are based on the total time spent doing physical activity.
D)They are based on types of physical activity.

Answer 1

B
Beyond the sedentary category, the PAL category is determined according to the energy expended by a person walking a set pace of 3 to 4 miles per hour.Low-active, active, and highly active PALs are equivalent to walking 2 miles, 7 miles, and 17 miles per day, respectively, at 3 to 4 mph.Metabolic equivalents (METs) are another means by which to determine energy expenditure during physical activity, but they are not used in the EER estimation.Determination of physical activity energy expenditure using METs does consider the type, or intensity, of physical activity and total time spent doing physical activity.

Question 2

How does an elevation in body temperature with fever affect the metabolic rate?

A)It does not change the metabolic rate.
B)It increases the metabolic rate by 7% per degree Fahrenheit above normal.
C)It increases the metabolic rate by 14% per degree Fahrenheit above normal.
D)It decreases the metabolic rate by 7% per degree Fahrenheit above normal.

Answer 2

B
A fever causes an increase in body temperature.For every degree Fahrenheit above the normal 98.6°F, the BMR increases by 7%.

Question 3

What is the clinical method for measuring human energy expenditure?

A)Bomb calorimetry
B)Indirect calorimetry
C)Doubly labeled water
D)Direct calorimetry

Answer 3

B
Indirect calorimetry is commonly used in hospital settings.The piece of equipment is known as a metabolic cart or monitor.Other methods of measuring energy expenditure include doubly labeled water and direct calorimetry; however, these are not practical for clinical practice.Bomb calorimetry measures the energy available from food.

Question 4

Which of the following conditions is necessary to obtain an accurate measure of a patient's basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

A)Test at the end of the day when the patient is ready to go to sleep.
B)Test 4 to 6 hours after the last meal.
C)Test in the morning after the patient has awakened.
D)Test in environmental conditions equal to body temperature.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the contribution of physical activity to total energy expenditure?

A)It accounts for 10% of total energy expenditure.
B)Its contribution to total energy expenditure increases with age.
C)Its contribution to total energy expenditure is most consistent during childhood.
D)It is the most variable component of total energy expenditure.

Question 6

What does indirect calorimetry measure?

A)The amount of heat produced by the body at rest
B)The energy potential of foods consumed
C)Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide excretion
D)The resting metabolic rate

Question 7

A respiratory quotient of 0.64 would most likely occur in which of these patients?

A)A pregnant woman
B)A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis
C)A trauma patient in the ICU
D)Someone who had just eaten a high fat meal

Question 8

In research regarding the measurement of activity-related energy expenditure, what method is used to validate uniaxial and triaxial monitors of human movement?

A)Doubly labeled water
B)Indirect calorimetry
C)Heart rate monitor
D)Physical activity questionnaire

Question 9

How many kilocalories are in 4 oz of 40-proof schnapps?

A)28 kcal
B)64 kcal
C)128 kcal
D)240 kcal

Question 10

If a patient's body temperature were 104.6°F, what would the BMR be compared with normal?

A)58% of normal
B)135% of normal
C)142% of normal
D)178% of normal

Question 11

A dish has 60 g of carbohydrate, 35 g of protein, and 25 g of fat.How many total kilocalories are in the dish?

A)480 kcal
B)555 kcal
C)605 kcal
D)655 kcal

Question 12

When is basal metabolism at its highest rate?

A)During the digestion of a meal
B)During periods of sleep
C)During periods of exercise
D)During periods of rapid growth

Question 13

A particular food provides 100 kilocalories.How many kilojoules does this equal?

A)420
B)480
C)4,200
D)4,800

Question 14

Which of the following does NOT increase the thermic effect of food (TEF)?

A)Carbohydrates
B)Fat
C)Regular eating schedule
D)Spicy foods

Question 15

Only ________has been developed for use in a hospitalized population.

A)Indirect calorimetry
B)The Harris-Benedict equation
C)The Mifflin-St.Jeor equation
D)Doubly labeled water

Question 16

Which of these best describes the change in the metabolic rate during pregnancy?

A)It decreases as a result of a decrease in maternal physical activity.
B)It increases as a result of fetal growth.
C)It increases as a result of fetal growth and maternal cardiac output.
D)It decreases as a result of an increase in maternal adipose tissue.

Question 17

Studies have shown that which factor(s) is(are) the primary determinant of an individual's resting energy expenditure (RMR)?

A)The amount of lean body mass
B)The amount of adipose tissue
C)A person's age, gender, and health status
D)The individual's body weight

Question 18

The respiratory quotient (RQ) is highest after consumption of a diet that is primarily composed of what?

A)Carbohydrate
B)Protein
C)Fat
D)Mixed macronutrients