Deck 28: Medical Nutrition Therapy for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Question 1

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs)?

A)MCTs are rapidly hydrolyzed and absorbed in the absence of bile acids.
B)MCTs require pancreatic lipase for digestion.
C)MCTs must be administered intravenously in PN.
D)MCTs are contraindicated in steatorrhea and other malabsorptive conditions.

Answer 1

A
MCTs of 8 and 10 carbon length are short enough to be absorbed directly into portal circulation without relying on bile acids for micelle formation or pancreatic lipase for digestion.Because of these benefits, MCTs may be provided to patients experiencing fat malabsorption caused by various conditions.They are provided to the patient in either enteral formula or through the intake of MCT oil.

Question 2

Which of the following should be included in the advice given to a patient regarding eating a high-fiber diet?

A)Increase polyunsaturated fat intake.
B)Make sure to get more vitamin C.
C)Drink at least 2 L of water each day.
D)Make sure to get more iron.

Answer 2

C
A high-fiber diet of up to 25 g/day for women and 38 g/day for men should be eaten with the intake of 2 L or quarts of water each day to promote effectiveness of the diet.Intake of this amount entails the consumption of whole-grain bread and cereal products, vegetables, legumes, fruits, nuts, and seeds.These foods provide additional iron and vitamin C.

Question 3

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing colon cancer?

A)IBS
B)Lactase deficiency
C)Polyps
D)Diverticulitis

Answer 3

C
Colorectal polyps are considered to be precursors of colon cancer.Inflammatory bowel disease is also a risk factor.Diets high in calories, fat, and animal protein and low in fruits, vegetables, and grains are associated with increased risk of colon cancer.

Question 4

Why do renal oxalate stones form as a consequence of ileal resection?

A)Inadequate intake of dietary fiber and water
B)Malabsorption of fat-soluble vitamins
C)Malabsorption of calcium, zinc, and magnesium
D)Malabsorption of vitamin B12 and intrinsic factor complex

Question 5

Blind loop syndrome is

A)an abnormal passage between two internal organs.
B)the presence of an excessive amount of gas in the GI tract.
C)a disorder of bacterial overgrowth with resulting malabsorption.
D)a malabsorptive condition resulting from massive bowel resection.

Question 6

What condition is associated with the feeling of incomplete evacuation of the bowel?

A)Inflammatory bowel disease
B)Constipation
C)Irritable bowel syndrome
D)Diverticulosis

Question 7

The FODMAPs diet is showing success for which group of patients?

A)Patients with diverticulosis
B)Celiac disease patients
C)Crohn disease patients
D)IBS patients

Question 8

Which of the following are NOT included in the gluten-restricted, gliadin-free diet to treat celiac disease?

A)Wheat, rye, barley, and oats
B)Corn, rice, soybeans, and tapioca
C)Potatoes, hydrolyzed vegetable protein, and arrowroot starch
D)Wheat, rice, barley, and corn

Question 9

__________ is the preferred fuel for the small intestinal enterocytes and is considered important to adaption after bowel resection.

A)Glucose
B)Glutamine
C)MCT
D)Butyrate

Question 10

What should patients with Crohn disease be monitored for when experiencing diarrhea?

A)Calcium and phosphorus status
B)Magnesium and iron status
C)Zinc and potassium status
D)Iron and selenium status

Question 11

What is a characteristic difference between Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis?

A)Age at disease onset
B)Segmental versus continuous distribution of the disease throughout the GI tract
C)Clinical features of diarrhea, food intolerance, and dehydration
D)Medical management with steroids and diet

Question 12

Which of the following patients with small bowel resection is the LEAST likely to need long-term parenteral nutrition?

A)40-year-old man with a jejunal resection
B)20-year-old woman who had radiation enteritis before resection
C)60-year-old woman with an almost total ileal resection
D)50-year-old woman with the ileocecal valve removed

Question 13

What should be included in the initial treatment of diarrhea?

A)Low-fat, low-fiber diet
B)Replacement of lost fluids and electrolytes
C)Increase of high-pectin foods
D)High-fiber diet to increase stool bulk and restore normal bowel motility

Question 14

What type of diarrhea may be experienced by a patient with lactase deficiency?

A)Exudative diarrhea
B)Malabsorptive diarrhea
C)Osmotic diarrhea
D)Secretory diarrhea

Question 15

What is the most common carbohydrate intolerance that affects people of all ages?

A)Lactose intolerance
B)Galactose intolerance
C)Sucrose intolerance
D)Maltose intolerance

Question 16

Which disease is associated with advanced age?

A)Crohn disease
B)Diverticulitis
C)Ulcerative colitis
D)Tropical sprue

Question 17

The most common cause of antibiotic-induced diarrhea is

A)Lactobacillus spp.
B)Saccharomyces boulardii.
C)Escherichia coli.
D)Clostridium difficile.

Question 18

How much lactose can most lactase-deficient people consume without major symptoms?

A)The equivalent to a half cup of milk
B)The equivalent to one cup of milk
C)12 to 15 g of lactose
D)Lactase-deficient people cannot consume any lactose without experiencing symptoms

Question 19

What should be in the solution used for fluid replacement for acute diarrhea in infants and small children?

A)Vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes
B)Glucose and electrolytes in water
C)Chemically defined formula
D)Lactose-free formula

Question 20

In the MNT for inflammatory bowel disease, which of the following is LEAST likely to be used?

A)Low-residue diet
B)Parenteral nutrition
C)Lactose-free or reduced diet
D)High-fiber diet