Deck 33: Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT associated with lowering blood pressure?

A)Hawthorn berry
B)Mint
C)Garlic
D)Coenzyme Q10

Answer 1

B
Coenzyme Q10 decreased SBP and DBP via a direct effect on the vascular endothelium.Garlic reduces SBP and DBP in those with hypertension via vasodilation, and hawthorn berry exerts a mild, gradual BP-lowering effect, but the mechanism is unclear.Mint is not considered complementary therapy for lowering blood pressure.

Question 2

Diuretics work to lower blood pressure by

A)promoting vasodilation.
B)inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system.
C)decreasing blood volume.
D)increasing potassium retention.

Answer 2

C
Diuretics lower blood pressure by promoting the excretion of fluid and sodium from the body.Vasodilators are medications that promote an increase in blood vessel diameters.ACE inhibitors are medications that inhibit the release of angiotensin-converting enzyme, an important component in the function of the renin-angiotensin system.Many diuretics promote the excretion of potassium as well as sodium.

Question 3

Which medical procedure used to treat patients with asymptomatic ischemia or angina involves a balloon?

A)Cardiac catheterization
B)Percutaneous coronary intervention
C)Coronary stent
D)CABG

Answer 3

B
PCI was previously known as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and involves the insertion of a catheter with a balloon that is inflated within a partially blocked artery.The inflation of the balloon breaks up the plaque formation and opens up the lumen of the artery.Cardiac catheterization or angiography involves the injection of dye into the arteries to produce radiographic images of the heart.A coronary stent is a wire mesh device inserted into an artery to hold the lumen open.Coronary artery bypass graft involves the surgical placement of an artery onto the heart to redirect blood flow.

Question 4

Which of the following lipoproteins is the primary cholesterol carrier in blood?

A)Chylomicrons
B)VLDL
C)LDL
D)HDL

Question 5

CVD is the leading cause of death in the United States in

A)men only.
B)women only.
C)African American women but not White women.
D)men and women.

Question 6

Which of the following lipoproteins is considered to be the most atherogenic?

A)Chylomicrons
B)VLDL
C)LDL
D)HDL

Question 7

What is the condition in which severe congestive heart failure is characterized by a state of severe malnutrition?

A)Anorexia nervosa
B)Cardiac cachexia
C)Hypoalbuminemia
D)Tissue hypoxia

Question 8

Which mineral has been shown to improve (lower) blood pressure when consumed in adequate amounts?

A)Calcium
B)Magnesium
C)Potassium
D)Chloride

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a proinflammatory marker that increases when endothelial dysfunction leads to unstable plaque formation in atherosclerosis?

A)Interleukin-6
B)Fibrinogen
C)Nitric oxide
D)C-reactive protein

Question 10

Which of the following decreases in congestive heart failure?

A)Beta-natriuretic peptide
B)Ejection fraction
C)Cardiac remodeling
D)Interleukin-1

Question 11

Which of the following promotes homeostatic control of blood pressure in the short term?

A)Kidney control of fluid levels
B)Sympathetic nervous system secretion of norepinephrine
C)Secretion of renin from the nephrons
D)Activation of the renin-angiotensin system

Question 12

The MNT for patients with hypertriglyceridemia should include

A)high amounts of carbohydrate.
B)soy protein.
C)monounsaturated fat and omega-3 fat.
D)1500-mg sodium restriction.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT one of the recommendations of the ACC/AHA diet guidelines?

A)Reduction of dietary cholesterol
B)Reduction of saturated fat, especially from red meat
C)Increase in dietary fiber
D)Appropriate calories

Question 14

Which of the following lipoproteins is considered to be triglyceride rich?

A)VLDL
B)IDL
C)LDL
D)HDL

Question 15

Which class of drugs reduces LDL levels by inhibiting the synthesis of cholesterol?

A)Bile acid sequestrants
B)Nicotinic acid
C)HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
D)Fibric acid derivatives

Question 16

Which of the following causes blood pressure to increase?

A)Vasodilation
B)Decreased cardiac output
C)Decreased vascular resistance
D)Increased peripheral resistance

Question 17

Which of the following lipoproteins normally returns most of the cholesterol to the liver for disposal via reverse transport?

A)Chylomicrons
B)VLDL
C)LDL
D)HDL

Question 18

In regard to food labels, what is the definition of "sodium free"?

A)No sodium or sodium chloride at all
B)Less than 1 mg of sodium per serving and no sodium chloride
C)Less than 5 mg of sodium per serving and no sodium chloride
D)Less than 10 mg of sodium per serving and no sodium chloride