Deck 8: Clinical: Food-Drug Interactions

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a possible side effect of use of corticosteroids?

A)Bone loss
B)Hyperglycemia
C)Hypotension
D)Obesity

Answer 1

C
Because corticosteroids such as prednisone promote sodium and water retention, they can contribute to an increase in blood pressure.Calcium is excreted in the place of sodium, and this coupled with corticosteroid impairment of intestinal calcium absorption and osteoblast activity can lead to bone loss.Corticosteroids promote gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance, both of which can cause hyperglycemia.Weight gain is a common side effect of corticosteroids because of both fluid retention and a stimulation of appetite.

Question 2

When the sedative propofol (Diprivan) is administered to a patient, what nutritional consequence must be considered?

A)It can provide 1.1 kcal/ml of lipid.
B)It can provide extra calcium.
C)It contains lactose and may promote lactose intolerance.
D)It contains wheat starch and may affect people with celiac disease.

Answer 2

A
Propofol provides fat calories to a patient, and this must be considered when determining total calories and other sources of fat to administer to a patient under sedation.Laxatives such as FiberCon and Fiber-Lax contain extra calcium, which may be nutritionally significant.Various drugs use lactose or wheat starch as excipients, and these must be considered when dealing with patients with lactose intolerance and celiac disease.

Question 3

Hypertensive patients who are taking loop diuretics for reduction of blood pressure may experience hypokalemia.Which other electrolyte does NOT need to be monitored for a potential secondary nutrient deficiency?

A)Magnesium
B)Sodium
C)Phosphorus
D)Calcium

Answer 3

C
Loop diuretics also promote the urinary excretion of sodium, magnesium, chloride, and calcium.With long-term use, magnesium and calcium supplementation may need to be prescribed to maintain serum blood levels.Phosphorus is not affected by loop diuretics, but care should be taken in maintaining normal levels of phosphorus because altered levels will affect calcium metabolism from bone.

Question 4

Which of the following medications could be given to a patient with cancer or AIDS to stimulate food intake?

A)Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)
B)Sibutramine (Meridia)
C)Phentermine (Adipex-P)
D)Oxandrolone (Oxandrin)

Question 5

Antacids, H₂-receptor antagonists, and proton pump inhibitors affect the absorption of calcium, iron, and magnesium through

A)decreased bioavailability caused by change in gastrointestinal pH.
B)decreased bioavailability caused by inhibition of small intestine enzymes.
C)decreased bioavailability caused by damage to the intestinal mucosa.
D)increased bioavailability caused by change in gastrointestinal pH.

Question 6

A patient is receiving warfarin (Coumadin).What MNT education should this patient receive?

A)Decrease intake of vitamin K foods.
B)Maintain consistent vitamin K intake.
C)Increase intake of vitamin D and calcium-rich foods.
D)Maintain consistent vitamin D intake.

Question 7

Which term describes the metabolism of drugs by reactions such as oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, or conjugation?

A)Bioavailability
B)Biotransformation
C)Excipient
D)Pharmacodynamics

Question 8

Patients receiving the antibiotic tetracycline should be taught to avoid taking it with what?

A)Fruit juices
B)Meat
C)Milk
D)Sucrose-containing desserts

Question 9

Which of the following medications should not be taken with foods that contain bran?

A)Alendronate (Fosamax)
B)Iron supplements
C)Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
D)Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Question 10

Decreased serum albumin levels, which are seen in many conditions, including malnutrition and liver disease, affect medications by

A)leading to decreased serum levels of free fraction of a drug.
B)leading to increased serum levels of free fraction of a drug.
C)leading to decreased metabolism of the drug by the liver.
D)leading to decreased pharmacologic effects.

Question 11

The gastrointestinal side effect commonly seen when narcotic drugs such as codeine and morphine are administered is

A)a change in taste.
B)constipation.
C)gastrointestinal bleeding.
D)anorexia.

Question 12

Pseudomembranous colitis is a serious side effect of antibiotic therapy

A)that results from a food-drug interaction.
B)that is caused by Clostridium difficile infection.
C)that can be avoided with good nutrition.
D)related to hypertension.

Question 13

A patient is being treated for depression with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor.Which of the following should the patient be instructed to avoid while taking this medication?

A)Milk, soy protein, and grapefruit
B)Cheese, salami, and Chianti wine
C)Tomatoes, onions, and poultry
D)Cantaloupe, canned pineapple, and peanuts

Question 14

Supplementation of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) should be considered in a patient taking which drug?

A)Carbamazepine
B)Methotrexate
C)Lipitor
D)Cholestyramine

Question 15

An excipient is a(n)

A)acetylation process.
B)active ingredient in a drug.
C)pressor agent.
D)inactive ingredient.

Question 16

The cancer chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate acts as an antagonist to

A)thiamin.
B)vitamin B12.
C)folate.
D)vitamin B6.

Question 17

Patients receiving anticonvulsant medications, such as phenytoin and phenobarbital, may need to be supplemented with which nutrients?

A)Ascorbic acid and vitamin A
B)Ascorbic acid and vitamin D
C)Folate and vitamin D
D)Iron and vitamin A

Question 18

Which of the following is an appropriate procedure for administering oral medications through a feeding tube?

A)Stop the feeding and irrigate the tube with water before and after administering the medication.
B)Mix the medications with water and add them to the feeding formula.
C)Crush the medications, mix them with water, and then add them to feeding formula.
D)Sudafed cough syrup and Robitussin expectorant may be added directly to the feeding formula.

Question 19

Which term is used to describe the movement of a drug through the body by absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion?

A)Pharmacodynamics
B)Pharmacogenomics
C)Pharmacokinetics
D)Polypharmacy

Question 20

Which of the following drugs will produced an Antabuse (disulfiram)-like reaction when taken with ethanol?

A)Metronidazole (Flagyl)
B)Captopril (Capoten)
C)Paclitaxel (Taxol)
D)Eszopiclone (Lunesta)