Deck 19: Nutrition in the Adult Years

Question 1

Which of the following is an effect of the decreased circulation of estrogen associated with menopause?

A)Increase in bone remodeling
B)Increase in HDL levels
C)Increase in LDL levels
D)Increase in energy levels

Answer 1

C
Estrogen has a protective effect in regard to bone and cardiovascular health.When estrogen circulation decreases, an increase is seen in LDL levels.Estrogen plays a role in bone remodeling, and with loss of estrogen, a decrease in bone mass occurs.Decreased estrogen is associated with a decrease in HDL.Symptoms of menopause include a decrease in energy level.

Question 2

Which of the following is a comorbid diagnosis associated with obesity?

A)Osteoporosis
B)Premenstrual syndrome
C)Type 2 diabetes mellitus
D)Chronic lung disease

Answer 2

C
Obesity is associated with a number of other medical conditions, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.Osteoporosis is seen more often in smaller women.No evidence links obesity to an increase in the symptoms associated with premenstrual syndrome.Chronic lung disease is more associated with cigarette smoking.

Question 3

Which group is at risk of not eating the RDI of nutrients and may benefit by the use of multivitamin supplements?

A)Athletes
B)Premenopausal women
C)Those with food allergies
D)Men older than age 50 years

Answer 3

C
People with food allergies are at particular risk because they are often forced to eliminate whole food groups from their diet.Several segments of the adult population fall into high-risk groups that are unlikely to meet their nutrient needs because of life stage, alcohol or drug dependency, food insecurity, chronic illness, or choosing a restrictive diet.

Question 4

Who may benefit the most from the light to moderate intake of alcohol in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease?

A)Men in their late 30s
B)Women in their 20s
C)Women in their late 40s
D)Men in their late 40s

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of the defining characteristics of metabolic syndrome?

A)Abdominal obesity
B)Hypertension
C)Elevated blood lipids
D)Physical inactivity

Question 6

Endogenous toxins are

A)the same as xenobiotics.
B)from environmental pollutants.
C)end products of metabolism.
D)prebiotics.

Question 7

Which phytochemicals are thought to promote the detoxification systems of the body?

A)Isothiocyanates
B)Carotenoids
C)Phytic acid
D)Phenols

Question 8

The leading cause of death and debilitation among adults in the United States is

A)accidents.
B)cancer.
C)diabetes.
D)heart disease.

Question 9

A trend in adults in the United States is that they

A)are spending more money on food away from home.
B)are eating more family meals at home.
C)generally meet the dietary recommendations for promoting health.
D)use the MyPyramid tool to plan their diets.

Question 10

Which of the following nutrients should men avoid taking as supplements during their adult years?

A)Iron
B)Anthocyanin
C)Lycopene
D)Vitamin D

Question 11

Which of the following are biologically active, naturally occurring substances in plants that act as natural defense systems and show potential for reducing the risk for cancer and cardiovascular disease?

A)Prebiotics
B)Phytochemicals
C)Butyrates
D)Xenobiotics

Question 12

The role of nutrition and dietetic professionals in the adult years involves

A)addressing the role of nutrition in the leading causes of death and debility.
B)incorporating basic education on food access, selection, and preparation.
C)setting mutually acceptable, achievable goals for optimal performance and health.
D)all of the above.

Question 13

How is soy beneficial in promoting cardiovascular health?

A)By reducing saturated fat intake
B)By replacing animal protein in the diet
C)By stimulating HDL production
D)By promoting vasodilation and decrease in blood pressure

Question 14

When do perimenopause and menopause begin in women?

A)Early 30s
B)Late 40s
C)Elder years
D)Mid 30s

Question 15

Increased dietary intake of what is associated with a reduced risk of chronic disease?

A)Grains, fruits, and vegetables
B)Legumes
C)Vegetable oils
D)Trans fatty acids

Question 16

Which is an appropriate nutritional guideline for the adult years?

A)Focus primarily on lipid intake.
B)Follow a nutrient-dense, phytochemical-rich food plan.
C)Follow a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet.
D)Follow a vegan diet.

Question 17

Endogenous toxins include

A)pollutants in water.
B)drugs.
C)end products of metabolism of hormones.
D)curcuminoids.

Question 18

Which of the following is the term used to describe microbial foods or supplements that can be used to change or reestablish the intestinal flora and improve the health of the host?

A)Probiotics
B)Phytoestrogens
C)Stanols
D)Lignans