Deck 21: Nutrition in Weight Management

Question 1

Which enzyme removes dietary triglyceride from the blood?

A)Hormone-sensitive lipase
B)Lipoprotein lipase
C)Cholecystokinin
D)Insulin

Answer 1

B
Lipoprotein lipase hydrolyzes triglycerides from VLDL into fatty acids and glycerol.The glycerol travels back to the liver while the fatty acids are incorporated into adipocytes.Hormone-sensitive lipase hydrolyzes triglycerides packaged within the adipocytes so that fatty acids and glycerol can be released back into circulation.CCK's action at the brain level is to inhibit food intake.Insulin is the hormone that promotes lipid storage.

Question 2

Which of the following results from the use of fasting as a means of weight loss?

A)Excessive weight gain after refeeding
B)An initial rapid weight loss from diuresis
C)A decrease in ketone formation
D)Carbohydrate craving

Answer 2

B
More than half of the weight loss associated with fasting is caused by loss of fluid and loss of lean body tissue.Because of this, fasting is seldom prescribed for weight loss.Excessive weight gain after refeeding can occur when weight loss is associated with a decrease in metabolic rate from the body adapting to starvation.

Question 3

The rate of weight loss for men on energy-deficient diets is more rapid than for women because men

A)generally have less fat to lose.
B)are more successful at weight reduction programs.
C)have higher testing metabolic rate and lean body mass than women.
D)are more likely to exercise while trying to lose weight.

Answer 3

C
Men lose weight faster than women of similar size because of their higher proportion of lean body mass and the resulting increase in resting metabolic rate.This results in higher calorie expenditure in men, leading to weight loss occurring more quickly.The amount of fat men and women have is affected by a variety of genetic and lifestyle factors, so men do not necessarily have less fat than women.The use and success of additional therapies beyond diet depend on individual choice and commitment to weight loss.

Question 4

The NWCR identified which behavior that resulted in successful long-term weight loss?

A)Use of very low-calorie diets
B)Use of pharmaceuticals
C)Attending support groups
D)Eating breakfast

Question 5

What should be the treatment goal in regard to a child or adolescent who is identified as overweight?

A)Promote weight loss of 1 to 2 lb/week.
B)Promote weight loss to reduce BMI below the 85th percentile.
C)Promote weight maintenance and increased physical activity.
D)Promote weight loss of 10 to 12 lb/year.

Question 6

Which of the following bariatric surgeries promotes weight loss through a combination of food restriction and malabsorption?

A)Gastric banding
B)Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
C)Vertical banded gastroplasty
D)Liposuction

Question 7

An increased incidence of which of the following diseases is NOT associated with obesity?

A)Heart disease
B)Osteoporosis
C)Gallbladder disease
D)Sleep apnea

Question 8

Which of the following does the NIH identify as being an appropriate candidate for bariatric surgery?

A)A person with metabolic syndrome
B)A patient with BMI of 25 to 29 with high blood pressure
C)A patient with BMI of 30 to 34
D)A patient with BMI of 40 or higher

Question 9

Aerobic exercise is effective in weight management because it

A)lowers glycogen stores and promotes the use of fat for fuel.
B)decreases lean body mass in proportion to fat.
C)increases resistance to insulin.
D)decreases sensitivity to insulin.

Question 10

What happens to the resting metabolic rate (RMR) as a result of exercise as part of a weight management program?

A)RMR increases as adipose tissue is increased with exercise.
B)RMR decreases as adipose tissue is decreased with exercise.
C)RMR decreases as lean body mass is decreased with exercise.
D)RMR increases as lean body mass is increased with exercise.

Question 11

The greatest percentage of body fat is set

A)at birth.
B)at 6 years of age.
C)at 6 months of age.
D)before birth by genetics.

Question 12

Which of the following was NOT recommended by the National Weight Control Registry (NWCR) as a method to maintain weight?

A)Eating a relatively low-fat (24%) diet
B)Eating breakfast almost every day
C)Replacing full calorie drinks with zero-calorie substitutes
D)Engaging in high levels (60-90 min/day) of physical activity

Question 13

Obese women should lose weight before becoming pregnant because of the possible impact of what compound released when adipose tissue is mobilized?

A)Ghrelin
B)Insulin
C)Semi-volatile organic compounds
D)Pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines

Question 14

During starvation, the body's adaptive response is a

A)drop in the RMR as much as 15% in 2 weeks.
B)rise in the RMR as much as 15% in 2 weeks.
C)drop in the RMR as much as 25% in 1 month.
D)rise in the RMR as much as 25% in 1 month.

Question 15

Which of the following diets advocates that carbohydrates should contribute no more than 40% of the total calories?

A)Low-carbohydrate diet
B)Protein-sparing modified diet
C)Very low-calorie diet
D)Zone Diet

Question 16

What methods of weight reduction have the highest rates of success?

A)Diet combined with exercise
B)Diet combined with lifestyle modification
C)Diet, exercise, and lifestyle modification all combined
D)Exercise combined with lifestyle modification

Question 17

Gout may develop during fasting or after very low-calorie diets.This occurs because elevated ketones are impeding the elimination of

A)uric acid.
B)creatinine.
C)sodium.
D)potassium.

Question 18

The metabolic syndrome is associated with which of the following groups of disorders?

A)Glucose intolerance, gout, and hypertension
B)Gout, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia
C)Glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension
D)Hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension