Deck 26: Medical Nutrition Therapy for Adverse Reactions to Food: Allergies and Intolerances

Question 1

Which of the following methods is effective for diagnosis when symptoms are subjective or when multiple food allergies are suspected?

A)Open food challenge
B)Single-blind food challenge
C)Double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge
D)Elimination diet

Answer 1

C
The DBPCFC is considered to be the gold standard for establishing a food and symptom relationship.The DBPCFC provides objective results because both the patient and physician are unable to detect differences between placebo foods and foods with the allergen of interest.The physician is on hand to monitor for allergic reactions.A single-blind food challenge may be useful because the person receiving the challenge does not know what is being offered.An open challenge is used as a follow-up to a DBPCFC that has negative results.An elimination diet may be used for diagnosis but takes extensive time to complete, taking weeks to complete instead of hours.

Question 2

Which diagnostic methods for determining food allergy by immunologic function are the most accurate?

A)Skin-prick test, ELISA, and RAST
B)Cytotoxic testing and ELISA
C)Sublingual testing, RAST, and skin-prick test
D)CAP-FEIA

Answer 2

D
CAP-FEIA is a quantitative assessment of allergen-specific IgE antibodies; higher levels of antibodies are often, but not always, predictors of clinical symptoms.It has been approved for only six foods: egg, milk, peanut, fish, wheat, and soy.

Question 3

Infants with a genetic predisposition to atopic disease have an increased probability of developing food allergies.Which of the following may help reduce the likelihood of the infant developing food allergies?

A)Provide only breastmilk to the infant for the first 6 months.
B)Provide only breastmilk and cereal for the first 6 months.
C)Provide cereal between breastmilk feedings.
D)Provide diluted cereal and formula for the first 6 months.

Answer 3

A
If they receive breastmilk exclusively for the first 6 months of life and their exposure to known food allergens is limited, infants have a greater probability of completing the first year of life without developing a food allergy.Continued avoidance of common food allergens for the first 2 to 3 years of age will reduce the chances of developing any food allergies.

Question 4

The first diagnostic tool to use in diagnosing a food allergy is

A)a detailed clinical history.
B)biochemical tests.
C)immunologic tests.
D)an oral food challenge.

Question 5

If an infant is allergic to cow's milk, how should goat's milk be used?

A)As a food source for the first 6 months of life
B)As a food source for the first year of life
C)Not used as food because of potential cross-reactivity
D)Not used as food because it is too low in fat

Question 6

What are the most common antibodies involved in food allergies?

A)IgG
B)IgM
C)T-cells
D)IgE

Question 7

Food allergies that are most likely to resolve with age are those that first manifest during the first _____ of life.

A)year
B)3 years
C)10 years
D)15 years

Question 8

Which age group is most likely to develop food hypersensitivity?

A)0 to 2 years of age
B)3 to 12 years of age
C)Adolescents
D)Elderly

Question 9

A patient who has a food allergy to shrimp would be considered at what level of nutritional risk in allergy management?

A)No nutritional risk
B)Low nutritional risk
C)Moderate nutritional risk
D)High nutritional risk

Question 10

In what types of foods are the most common food allergens found?

A)High-simple-carbohydrate foods
B)High-protein animal foods
C)High-protein plant or marine foods
D)High-saturated-fat foods

Question 11

The most common food allergy found among infants is

A)cereal allergy.
B)cow's milk allergy.
C)fruit allergy.
D)vegetable protein allergy.

Question 12

Within what frame of time is the onset of symptoms related to a food allergy most likely to occur?

A)Within 2 hours
B)Within 2 to 14 hours
C)More than 24 hours
D)More than 48 hours

Question 13

A child develops gastrointestinal symptoms after drinking fruit juice.This is an example of what type of condition?

A)Food allergy
B)Food aversion
C)Food hypersensitivity
D)Food intolerance

Question 14

The term that refers to an adverse reaction to food that is caused by a nonimmunologic mechanism is

A)food allergy.
B)allergic reaction.
C)food intolerance.
D)food sensitivity.

Question 15

What symptoms are likely to occur in the person with a perceived intolerance to monosodium glutamate (MSG)?

A)Decreased heart rate, constipation, and hives
B)Headache, flushing, abdominal pain, and nausea
C)Steatorrhea, edema, proteinuria, and nausea
D)Anaphylaxis, toxic shock syndrome, and headache

Question 16

_________ are antigenic determinants on the surface of food proteins that are recognized by the immune system.

A)Cytokines
B)Conformational epitopes
C)Mast cells
D)Haptens

Question 17

Which food has one of the most frequent cross-reactivity allergies between latex and food?

A)Milk
B)Wheat
C)Banana
D)Fish

Question 18

In people who develop food allergies after 2 years of age, what is the most common means of initial food allergen exposure?

A)Maternal consumption during fetal development
B)Antigen exposure in breastmilk
C)Inhalant exposure to antigen
D)Ingestion of food antigen

Question 19

What might happen if allergenic foods are limited or avoided during infancy?

A)May reduce the prevalence of allergy during the first year of life
B)May lead to malnutrition
C)May result in eliminating all commercial infant formulas from the infant's diet
D)May prevent allergy after the first year of life

Question 20

Which food is the most common cause of near-fatal and fatal anaphylactic reactions?

A)Nuts
B)Shellfish
C)Egg
D)Wheat