Deck 23: The Respiratory System

Question 1

The ________ is shared by the respiratory and digestive systems.

A)pharynx
B)esophagus
C)trachea
D)windpipe
E)right mainstem bronchus

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Air entering the body is filtered,warmed,and humidified by the

A)upper respiratory tract.
B)lower respiratory tract.
C)lungs.
D)alveoli.
E)bronchioles.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Exposure to ________ generally causes a rapid increase in the rate of mucus production in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

A)noxious vapors
B)unpleasant stimuli
C)allergens
D)debris or pathogens
E)All of the answers are correct.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

A patient with a connective tissue disease experiences increased pulmonary vascular resistance.Over a period of time,you would expect to observe

A)increased cardiac output from the right ventricle.
B)increased cardiac output from the left ventricle.
C)increased thickness of the right ventricular wall.
D)distension of the pulmonary veins from the right lung.
E)no appreciable changes in heart structure or function.

Question 5

The respiratory mucosa consists of

A)epithelium and underlying layer of areolar tissue.
B)dense irregular connective and adipose tissue.
C)ciliated stratified squamous and columnar cells.
D)fibrocartilage and mucous cells.
E)dense regular connective and areolar tissue.

Question 6

The openings to the nasal cavity are the

A)external nares.
B)internal nares.
C)nasal meatuses.
D)nasal conchae.
E)nasal sinuses.

Question 7

The portion of the pharynx that receives both air and food is the

A)nasopharynx.
B)oropharynx.
C)esophageal pharynx.
D)aeropharynx.
E)internal pharynx.

Question 8

The nasopharynx transitions into the oropharynx at the level of the

A)hard palate.
B)soft palate.
C)cribriform plate.
D)internal nares.
E)pharyngeal septum.

Question 9

Inhaling through the nostrils is preferred over the mouth because

A)there is less resistance to air flow.
B)it combines olfaction with respiration.
C)it allows better conditioning of the inhaled air.
D)bacteria won't be inhaled from the oral cavity.
E)it dries out the mouth.

Question 10

Functions of the nasal cavity include all of the following except

A)filtering the air.
B)warming the air.
C)humidifying the air.
D)housing tonsils.
E)housing olfactory receptors.

Question 11

Harry suffers from cystic fibrosis and has severe breathing difficulties.His problems result from

A)genetic mutation in cilia production.
B)laryngospasms.
C)thick secretions that are difficult to transport.
D)lack of neural control of respiration.
E)reduced mucus secretions in the trachea.

Question 12

Which of the following organs is not part of the lower respiratory system?

A)pharynx
B)trachea
C)larynx
D)bronchi
E)alveoli

Question 13

Tuberculosis results from an infection by the bacterium

A)Clostridium difficile.
B)Staphylococcus aureus.
C)Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
D)Vancomycin-resistant streptococcus.
E)Tuberculin plumonae.

Question 14

The larynx,trachea,bronchi,and bronchioles all make up the

A)upper respiratory tract.
B)lower respiratory tract.
C)internal respiratory tract.
D)alveoli of the respiratory tract.
E)respiratory mucosa.

Question 15

The respiratory defense system is important because it

A)helps filter the air.
B)helps warm the air.
C)keeps out debris.
D)keeps out pathogens.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 16

The respiratory epithelium of the conducting airways consists of

A)pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
B)moist cuboidal epithelium.
C)simple squamous epithelium.
D)ciliated squamous epithelium.
E)stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 17

________ is the most common lethal inherited disease affecting individuals of Northern European descent.

A)MRSA
B)Congestive heart failure
C)Cystic fibrosis
D)Myasthenia gravis
E)Parkinson's disease

Question 18

The portion of the nasal cavity contained within the flexible tissues of the external nose is the

A)nasopharynx.
B)vestibule.
C)internal chamber.
D)conchae.
E)nasal septum.

Question 19

The conchae

A)divide the nasal cavity into a right and a left side.
B)provide an opening into the pharynx.
C)provide a increase in surface area for the sense of smell.
D)create turbulence in the air to trap particulate matter in mucus.
E)provide an opening to paranasal sinuses.

Question 20

The nasal cavity,pharynx,and larynx constitute the ________ portion of the airway.

A)conducting
B)exchange
C)respiratory
D)sinus
E)primary

Question 21

Which of the following is false about the pharynx?

A)It is shared by the integumentary and respiratory systems.
B)The nasopharynx is superior.
C)The oropharynx connects to oral cavity.
D)The laryngopharynx ends at esophagus opening.
E)Solids,liquids,and gases pass through.

Question 22

The placement of a tube directly into the trachea to bypass the larynx is called a(n)

A)intubation.
B)tracheostomy.
C)tunnelization.
D)trachectomy.
E)catheterization.

Question 23

The ________ is lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

A)nasopharynx
B)trachea
C)oropharynx
D)larynx
E)nasal cavity

Question 24

The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the

A)hard palate.
B)soft palate.
C)cribriform plate.
D)internal nares.
E)pharyngeal septum.

Question 25

The vocal folds are located within the

A)nasopharynx.
B)oropharynx.
C)larynx.
D)trachea.
E)bronchi.

Question 26

Which of the following is not a function of the nasal mucosa?

A)warming the incoming air
B)trapping particulate matter
C)dehumidifying the incoming air
D)cooling outgoing air
E)None of the answers is correct; all of these are functions of the nasal mucosa.

Question 27

The paired cartilages that articulate with the superior border of the cricoid cartilage are the ________ cartilages.

A)cricothyroid
B)innominate
C)cuneiform
D)corniculate
E)arytenoid

Question 28

The ring-shaped cartilage just inferior to the thyroid cartilage is the ________ cartilage.

A)epiglottis
B)cuneiform
C)corniculate
D)cricoid
E)arytenoid

Question 29

A common site to place a tracheostomy tube is through the ligament that connects the cricoid cartilage to the ________ cartilage.

A)thyroid
B)cuneiform
C)corniculate
D)epiglottic
E)vestibular

Question 30

The thyroid cartilage is attached to the cricoid cartilage by the

A)intrinsic ligaments.
B)extrinsic ligaments.
C)vestibular folds.
D)cricothyroid ligament.
E)intrinsic laryngeal muscles.

Question 31

The auditory tubes open into the

A)nasopharynx.
B)oropharynx.
C)laryngopharynx.
D)larynx.
E)nasal cavity.

Question 32

A pair of ligaments covered by laryngeal epithelium that function in sound production are the

A)intrinsic ligaments.
B)extrinsic ligaments.
C)ventricular folds.
D)vocal folds.
E)intrinsic laryngeal muscles.

Question 33

The larynx contains ________ cartilages.

A)14
B)6
C)9
D)2
E)5

Question 34

The palatine tonsils lie in the walls of the

A)nasopharynx.
B)oropharynx.
C)laryngopharynx.
D)larynx.
E)nasal cavity.

Question 35

Components of the upper respiratory system include all of the following except the

A)lips.
B)nose.
C)nasal cavity.
D)pharynx.
E)paranasal sinuses.

Question 36

The largest cartilage of the larynx is the ________ cartilage.

A)thyroid
B)cricoid
C)cuneiform
D)arytenoid
E)epiglottic

Question 37

The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the

A)larynx.
B)glottis.
C)vestibule.
D)pharynx.
E)trachea.

Question 38

Physical damage to the lamina propria of the nasal mucosa is likely to result in

A)epistaxis.
B)nasal congestion.
C)nosebleeds.
D)a deviated septum.
E)epistaxis or nosebleeds.

Question 39

The glottis is

A)the soft tissue that hangs off the end of the soft palate.
B)a flap of elastic cartilage.
C)the opening to the larynx.
D)the opening to the pharynx.
E)part of the hard palate.

Question 40

The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the

A)thyroid cartilage.
B)cricoid cartilage.
C)corniculate cartilage.
D)cuneiform cartilage.
E)epiglottis.

Question 41

Tension on the vocal cords is regulated by the

A)movement of the arytenoid cartilages.
B)extrinsic ligaments.
C)contraction of laryngeal muscles.
D)movement of the arytenoid cartilages and contraction of laryngeal muscles.
E)extrinsic and intrinsic ligaments.

Question 42

The following is a list of some airways.What is the order in which air passes through them?
1)secondary bronchus
2)bronchioles
3)alveolar ducts
4)primary bronchus
5)respiratory bronchiole
6)alveoli
7)terminal bronchiole

A)4,1,2,7,5,3,6
B)4,1,2,5,7,3,6
C)1,4,2,5,7,3,6
D)1,4,2,7,5,3,6
E)2,4,1,7,5,3,6

Question 43

Contraction of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles can

A)move the cricoid cartilage.
B)close the glottis.
C)constrict the trachea.
D)move food from the larynx to the esophagus.
E)assist in breathing during exercise.

Question 44

Figure 23-1 The Upper Airways
Use Figure 23-1 to answer the following questions:
What is the function of the structure labeled "8"?

A)forces air into the lungs
B)causes air to swirl within the respiratory passageway
C)prevents food from entering the larynx
D)acts like a supplementary air pump
E)adjusts tension of vocal folds

Question 45

Air passing through the glottis vibrates the vocal folds and produces

A)speech.
B)articulation.
C)phonation.
D)whistling.
E)ululation.

Question 46

Which of the following statements about the trachea is false?

A)It is lined by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
B)Tracheal cartilages prevent tracheal collapse.
C)It contains many mucous glands.
D)It alters its diameter in response to the autonomic nervous system.
E)It is reinforced with D-shaped cartilages.

Question 47

Figure 23-1 The Upper Airways
Use Figure 23-1 to answer the following questions:
What is the function of the structures labeled "12"?

A)cause air to swirl within the respiratory passageway
B)improve warming of incoming air
C)create narrow passages
D)help olfaction
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 48

The C shape of the tracheal cartilages is important because

A)large masses of food can move through the esophagus.
B)large masses of air can pass through the trachea and thus the bronchi.
C)it facilitates turning of the head.
D)the bronchi are also C-shaped.
E)it permits the trachea to pinch shut prior to sneezing.

Question 49

The adult human trachea is about ________ in diameter and contains ________ tracheal cartilages.

A)1)0 cm; 15-20
B)1)0 cm; 10-15
C)2)5 cm; 15-20
D)2)5 cm; 40-50
E)4)5 cm; 60-80

Question 50

During swallowing,the

A)intrinsic laryngeal muscles contract.
B)extrinsic laryngeal muscles contract.
C)glottis closes.
D)epiglottis is depressed.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 51

Tina is singing a song.At a certain point in the song,she forces a large volume of air out of the glottis and at the same time increases the tension on her vocal cords.The sound that she produces is

A)low pitched and loud.
B)high pitched and loud.
C)low pitched and soft.
D)high pitched and soft.
E)medium pitched and soft.

Question 52

During a choking episode,most foreign objects are lodged in the ________ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle.

A)right primary
B)left primary
C)right secondary
D)left secondary
E)medial

Question 53

The ________ branch from the trachea at the carina.

A)terminal bronchioles
B)secondary bronchi
C)tertiary bronchi
D)primary bronchi
E)alveolar ducts

Question 54

Figure 23-1 The Upper Airways
Use Figure 23-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "7."

A)internal nares
B)esophagus
C)glottis
D)oropharynx
E)laryngopharynx

Question 55

An acute infection of the throat that can lead to swelling and closure of the glottis and cause suffocation is known as

A)laryngitis.
B)laryngospasm.
C)acute epiglottitis.
D)strep throat.
E)acute pharyngitis.

Question 56

The airway that connects the larynx to the bronchial tree is the

A)trachea.
B)bronchiole.
C)laryngopharynx.
D)alveolar duct.
E)bronchus.

Question 57

The laryngeal cartilage which is not composed of hyaline cartilage is the

A)arytenoid.
B)corniculate.
C)cricoid.
D)epiglottis.
E)thyroid.

Question 58

Figure 23-1 The Upper Airways
Use Figure 23-1 to answer the following questions:
Identify the structure labeled "2."

A)olfactory organ
B)oropharynx
C)nasopharynx
D)internal nares
E)nasal sinus

Question 59

Secondary bronchi supply air to the

A)lungs.
B)lobes of the lungs.
C)lobules of the lungs.
D)alveoli.
E)alveolar ducts.

Question 60

Figure 23-1 The Upper Airways
Use Figure 23-1 to answer the following questions:
Which structure vibrates to produce sound?

A)5
B)8
C)10
D)11
E)19

Question 61

Blockage of pulmonary blood flow by a clot or similar obstruction is

A)emphysema.
B)COPD.
C)anoxia.
D)pulmonary embolism.
E)pneumothorax.

Question 62

The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluids is

A)pulmonary ventilation.
B)external respiration.
C)internal respiration.
D)cellular respiration.
E)breathing.

Question 63

The right lung is to ________ as the left lung is to ________.

A)three lobes; two lobes
B)two lobes; two lobes
C)two lobes; three lobes
D)three lobes; three lobes
E)four lobes; three lobes

Question 64

The actual sites of gas exchange within the lungs are the

A)bronchioles.
B)terminal bronchioles.
C)spaces between the parietal and visceral pleura.
D)respiratory membranes of the alveoli.
E)interlobular septa.

Question 65

A pulmonary embolism can be caused by ________ becoming trapped in a pulmonary artery.

A)blood clots
B)masses of fat
C)air bubbles
D)circulating objects in the blood
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 66

The most superior portion of the lung is called the

A)base.
B)apex.
C)cardiac notch.
D)hilus.
E)epipleurium.

Question 67

Determination of blood gases includes testing an arterial sample for

A)pH.
B)PO₂.
C)PCO₂.
D)PO₂ and PCO₂.
E) pH,PO₂,and PCO₂.

Question 68

The unit of measurement for pressure preferred by many respiratory therapists is

A)mm Hg.
B)torr.
C)cm H₂O.
D)psi.
E)centigrade.

Question 69

The number of lobes in the right lung is

A)greater than the number of lobes in the left lung.
B)less than the number of lobes in the left lung.
C)equal to the number of lobes in the left lung.

Question 70

Respiratory function deteriorates as a result of pneumonia because inflammation

A)causes fluids to leak into the alveoli.
B)causes respiratory bronchioles to swell and dilate.
C)causes the lungs to leak air into the thorax.
D)reduces movement of the epiglottis.
E)reduces the size of the pleural cavity.

Question 71

Damage to the type II pneumocytes of the lungs would result in

A)a loss of surfactant.
B)an increased rate of gas exchange.
C)decreased surface tension in the alveoli.
D)expansion of alveoli.
E)All of the answers are correct.

Question 72

The interlobular septa divide the lungs into

A)lobes.
B)pulmonary lobules.
C)alveolar sacs.
D)vital capacity and residual volume.
E)visceral pleura and fibrous trabeculae.

Question 73

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term bronchiolar smooth muscle?

A)accessory muscle of expiration
B)accessory muscle of inspiration
C)primary muscle of inspiration
D)contraction increases airway resistance
E)affects lung compliance

Question 74

The respiratory membrane of the gas exchange surfaces consists of

A)pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.
B)moist cuboidal epithelium.
C)simple squamous epithelium.
D)ciliated squamous epithelium.
E)surfactant cells.

Question 75

Primary bronchi are to ________ as secondary bronchi are to ________.

A)extrapulmonary bronchi; intrapulmonary bronchi
B)lobar bronchi; intrapulmonary bronchi
C)intrapulmonary bronchi; lobar bronchi
D)trachea; pharynx
E)secondary bronchi; alveolar ducts

Question 76

Which respiratory organ has a cardiac notch?

A)right lung
B)left lung
C)right primary bronchus
D)left primary bronchus
E)diaphragm

Question 77

Roughly ________ terminal bronchioles arise from each tertiary bronchus.

A)1,500
B)3,000
C)6,500
D)10,000
E)100,000

Question 78

The condition resulting from inadequate production of surfactant and the resultant collapse of alveoli is

A)respiratory distress syndrome.
B)COPD.
C)anoxia.
D)pulmonary embolism.
E)pneumothorax.

Question 79

Asthma is

A)a collapsed lung resulting from insufficient production of surfactant.
B)due to an excessive stimulation of smooth muscle in bronchioles.
C)an obstructive tumor targeting primarily the terminal bronchioles.
D)characterized by fluid buildup in the alveoli.
E)caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Question 80

The resulting pain and inflammation when pleural fluid is unable to prevent friction between the opposing pleural surfaces is known as

A)pleurisy.
B)pulmonary hypertension.
C)asthma.
D)emphysema.
E)COPD.