Deck 12: Human Motivation

Question 1

The level of need satisfaction is constant for all needs.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Morale is a physical human aspect of work.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Motivational factors are known as hygiene factors,per Fredrick Herzberg.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Content theories emphasize the needs that motivate people.

Question 5

Once an individual need or level of needs is satisfied,the individual can completely forget that need.

Question 6

According to Maslow,only an unsatisfied need can influence behavior,and those needs are arranged in a priority order of importance.

Question 7

Everyone reaches a need level of self-realization in their lifetime and stays there.

Question 8

The choices of behaviors are affected by the environment.

Question 9

Compliments from managers satisfy the social needs of employees.

Question 10

Motivation theories are either content- or process-oriented.

Question 11

Unsatisfied human needs lead to human wants.

Question 12

A person's wants are what initially prompt or "start up" motivation.

Question 13

A.H.Maslow is associated with the "school" of motivational process.

Question 14

Feedback is part of satisfying a need.

Question 15

Generally,need satisfaction is long term.

Question 16

Maintenance factors are the internalized elements of the job.

Question 17

Having good relations with supervisors affects an employee's quality of work life (QWL).

Question 18

Motivation is not something that is done to another person.

Question 19

External influences do not effect motivation.

Question 20

The key ingredients of the integrated motivation model are incentives.

Question 21

Vroom's expectancy theory is the most current approach to the study of motivation.

Question 22

Avoidance reinforcement focuses upon the desired behavior(s),not the flawed behavior(s).

Question 23

Rewards,such as prizes and trophies,are the primary driving force for most high achievers.

Question 24

A Theory Y manager assumes that work is a natural event and the subordinates will seek and accept responsibility for that work willingly.

Question 25

Most supervisors do not have the power to improve motivation factors within the workplace.

Question 26

According to studies by Chris Argyris,mature people tend to be more passive.

Question 27

Successful managers motivate individual workers in a common,consistent,and collective way.

Question 28

Employee empowerment is a motivational technique unique to the Japanese workforce.

Question 29

Assigning more tasks is an important foundation to job enrichment.

Question 30

Intrapreneurship = entrepreneurship + formal organization.

Question 31

Human perceptions of potential results or outcomes greatly influence the expectancy theory.

Question 32

The equity theory is based solely on employee salary.

Question 33

Punishment reinforcement techniques apply to positive consequences.

Question 34

Motivation factors are the primary cause of job satisfaction.

Question 35

Herzberg contends that employees must be satisfied in order to become productive.

Question 36

There are no common elements between the motivational theories of Herzberg,Maslow,and McClelland.

Question 37

Job enlargement means horizontal loading.

Question 38

Fitting jobs to people is known as job rotation.

Question 39

Reinforcement theory is a combination of both positive and negative issues.

Question 40

According to Herzberg,money is a motivator.

Question 41

The study and understanding of motivation attempts to answer the "____________" questions regarding human behavior.

A)why
B)what
C)who
D)when

Question 42

Job sharing and twinning are applicable to full-time employees.

Question 43

The decade of the 1980s,and into the 1990s,was filled with organizational downsizing.This phenomenon of business layoffs is centered principally around which level of Maslow's need hierarchy?

A)physical
B)self-realization
C)social
D)safety

Question 44

The integrated motivational model is a composite of two categories of motivational theories,____________ and ____________.

A)past;present
B)content;process
C)internal;external
D)myth;reality

Question 45

Motivation is a(n)____________ trait of humans.

A)automatic
B)behavioral
C)physical
D)mechanical

Question 46

A compliment or pat on the back by a superior at work normally helps to satisfy ____________ needs of employees.

A)self-realization
B)emotional
C)esteem
D)social

Question 47

The collective attitude or beliefs of workers toward the organization and work is known as:

A)group needs.
B)success.
C)competence.
D)morale.

Question 48

According to Maslow,a person's needs are arranged:

A)according to each individual.
B)randomly.
C)in a priority.
D)by societal influences.

Question 49

____________ needs do not continue to motivate human behavior,according to Maslow.

A)Satisfied
B)Higher-level
C)Unsatisfied
D)Lower-level

Question 50

Employees that are given absolute freedom to complete self-directed tasks and work toward their own maximum abilities and talents are satisfying needs.

A)social
B)self-realization
C)esteem
D)respect

Question 51

Organizational quality of work life (QWL)is initiated by:

A)employees.
B)management.
C)customers.
D)suppliers.

Question 52

If a person satisfies the first and second level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs,then that person will attempt to seek:

A)status.
B)pleasure.
C)comfort.
D)people.

Question 53

All of the following are levels of Maslow's hierarchy of needs except:

A)self-realization.
B)social.
C)safety.
D)financial.

Question 54

According to Maslow,the authority and responsibility of an effective manager focuses upon which level of needs?

A)safety
B)social
C)physical
D)esteem

Question 55

Over an extended period of time,an unmet need can ____________ an employee.

A)fulfill,satisfy
B)help
C)frustrate
D)assist

Question 56

The measurement of success for QWL in any organization is to:

A)increase profits.
B)provide pay raises.
C)satisfy and motivate employees.
D)satisfy customers needs.

Question 57

For most employees,pay,wages,or salary is considered which dominant level need(s)?

A)physical and/or security
B)social and/or esteem
C)social and/or self-realization
D)physical and/or self-realization

Question 58

Motivation is the result of the interaction between a person's internalized ____________ and external ____________ that determine behavior.

A)wants;desires
B)wants;needs
C)background;experiences
D)needs;influences

Question 59

Physiological or psychological conditions in humans that act as stimuli for behaviors are called:

A)motivations.
B)needs.
C)skills.
D)incentives.

Question 60

Frederick Herzberg's two-factor theory regarding motivation relates to job ____________.

A)entitlement
B)satisfaction
C)involvement
D)empowerment

Question 61

In McClelland's need for achievement theory,the desire for friendship,cooperation,and close interpersonal relationships is called:

A)power.
B)achievement.
C)esteem.
D)affiliation.

Question 62

Which of the following is a satisfier according to Herzberg?

A)salary
B)company policies
C)working conditions
D)advancement

Question 63

Based on McClelland's theory,managers should work to identify and encourage the development of their ____________.

A)high achievers
B)power motivated
C)low achievers with high potential
D)high potential employees

Question 64

McClelland reveals that high achievers:

A)prefer others to set their goals.
B)shun responsibility for solving problems.
C)act uncontrollably.
D)solicit feedback.

Question 65

The primary explanation of human behavior,according to the expectancy theory,is based upon:

A)anticipation.
B)uncertainty.
C)risk.
D)happenstance.

Question 66

McCelland's needs theory recognized that people may have different mixtures or combination of the needs;an individual could be described as the following except:

A)high achiever.
B)power-motivated.
C)hygiene oriented.
D)affiliator.

Question 67

Herzberg's hygiene factors in the workplace include:

A)the worker's job security.
B)achievement within the workplace.
C)an individual's responsibility.
D)the possibility of advancement or growth.

Question 68

An employee believes that he/she is not being paid fairly and states: "I work harder than Pat does and don't get half as much money." This argument typifies the ____________ motivation theory.

A)reinforcement
B)achievement
C)equity
D)maintenance

Question 69

Alderfer combined which of Maslow's needs to form the "existence" needs category?

A)physiological and esteem
B)safety and social
C)social and self-realization
D)physiological and safety

Question 70

Herzberg's maintenance factors are the ____________ context of the job and the motivational factors are the ____________ content.

A)satisfaction;dissatisfaction
B)low-quality;high-quality
C)external;internal
D)secondary;primary

Question 71

All of the following are specific reinforcement types except:

A)extinction.
B)punishment.
C)avoidance.
D)discipline.

Question 72

A mentoring manager that encourages a subordinate to "shadow" his/her leadership exemplifies which process theory of motivation?

A)expectancy
B)goal-setting
C)equity
D)reinforcement

Question 73

The reinforcement theory is associated with:

A)V.Vroom.
B)A.H.Maslow.
C)B.F.Skinner.
D)F.Herzberg.

Question 74

The growth needs of Clayton Alderfer's ERG hierarchy are similar to:

A)Herzberg's maintenance factors.
B)Maslow's safety needs.
C)McClelland's affiliation needs.
D)Maslow's highest two levels of needs.

Question 75

Managers are using ____________ reinforcement when they choose to purposefully ignore unacceptable subordinate behavior(s)in the hope that the behavior will subside.

A)positive
B)extinction
C)avoidance
D)punishment

Question 76

Herzberg's hygiene factors (maintenance)are ____________ to an employee if these factors are lacking or inadequate.

A)dissatisfying
B)self-actualizing
C)satisfying
D)motivators

Question 77

Herzberg's hygiene factors include:

A)quality of technical supervision.
B)the work itself.
C)recognition.
D)achievement.

Question 78

McGregor suggested ____________ as a philosophy of management with a positive perception of subordinates' potential for work.

A)theory X
B)theory Y
C)high needs
D)need for affiliation

Question 79

Behavioral-oriented theories about why people choose a particular behavior to satisfy their needs include the following except:

A)expectancy theory.
B)reinforcement theory.
C)equity theory.
D)process theory.

Question 80

Nearly all supervisors have the power to increase motivation in the workplaces they manage by the following except:

A)granting more responsibility to employees
B)giving negative reinforcement.
C)praising employee accomplishments
D)making employees feel that they are succeeding.