Deck 9: Dental X-Ray Film Processing

Question 1

The overall appearance of your films is too dark.Which of the following is the cause of this error?

A)Film was in the developer too long.
B)Film was in the fixer too long.
C)The white light was left on while opening the film packets.
D)Film was left in the water bath too long.

Answer 1

Film was in the developer too long.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true about the development step in film processing?

A)The unexposed,unenergized halide crystals are removed from the film.
B)A subtraction reaction causes the black metallic silver to remain on the film.
C)Developing is the first step in processing film.
D)The film emulsion is hardened during the development stage.

Answer 2

Developing is the first step in processing film.

Question 3

When comparing current patient radiographs to radiographs taken several years ago,you noticed that the radiographs taken several years ago have a yellowish brown appearance.You realize that you have seen the same type of spotting with other radiographs that were taken several years ago.What is the cause of this?

A)Underdevelopment
B)Insufficient water bath
C)Deterioration of radiograph over time
D)Overfixation

Answer 3

Insufficient water bath

Question 4

To maintain freshness,strength,and solution levels,film processing and wet tank solutions must be replenished

A)hourly.
B)daily.
C)weekly.
D)monthly.

Question 5

Normal use of processing chemistry is defined as ____ intraoral films per day.

A)18
B)30
C)50
D)60

Question 6

You have just developed a set of bitewings.When they come out of the automatic processor,the radiographs are clear.What is the cause of this error?

A)Safelight was too close to the film.
B)White light was left on while developing.
C)Film was underdeveloped.
D)Fixer and developer tanks were switched.

Question 7

(1)Developer chemicals contain a preservative that prevents the chemicals from oxidizing when exposed to air.(2)Sodium carbonate is the preservative used in developer solutions.

A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Question 8

Developer solution will not be effective below

A)60 degrees Fahrenheit.
B)63 degrees Fahrenheit.
C)65 degrees Fahrenheit.
D)75 degrees Fahrenheit.

Question 9

Concentrated powder and liquid film processing solutions are mixed with _______ before use.

A)ammonia
B)vinegar
C)tap water
D)distilled water

Question 10

The chemical responsible for creating the gray shades on the radiographs is?

A)Hydroquinone
B)Sodium sulfite
C)Elon
D)Sodium carbonate

Question 11

Developer solution should be kept at____ degrees Fahrenheit for optimum developing conditions.

A)64
B)68
C)72
D)76

Question 12

From where will you retrieve your film when it exits the automatic processor?

A)Drying chamber
B)Film feed slot
C)Film recovery slot
D)Film retrieval holding area

Question 13

You noticed that the top quarter of one of your bitewings is black.The other three bitewings that you put in the automatic processor were fine.What is the cause of this error?

A)Safelight was turned off.
B)White light was left on while developing.
C)Darkroom door was opened before film was completely in automatic processor.
D)Developer cut off

Question 14

All excess chemicals are removed from the emulsion during

A)development.
B)rinsing.
C)fixation.
D)washing.

Question 15

You have just taken your film from the water bath,and you notice white spots on the radiographs.How can you prevent this from occurring in the future?

A)Gently agitate fixer and developer with the film rack to disperse the air bubbles when placing the film rack in the developer or fixer solution.
B)Eliminate all light leaks.
C)Increase fixation time.
D)Prevent cross-contamination of chemicals.

Question 16

The black shades and the distinct contrast of the radiographic image are created by _______________ in the developer solution.

A)sodium sulfite
B)sodium carbonate
C)hydroquinone
D)elon

Question 17

All of your anterior radiographs have a single crescent shaped radiolucent line toward the incisal edge of the radiograph.What is the most likely caused of this?

A)Film processor gate is scratching the film.
B)Torn emulsion from the film rack
C)Bad package of film
D)Improper opening of the film packet

Question 18

When the film exits the film processor,you notice that it appears foggy and lacks detail.Which of the following could be a possible solution to prevent this from occurring with the next patient's film?

A)Increase fixing time.
B)Eliminate light leaks.
C)Increase developer temperature.
D)Decrease safelight distance.

Question 19

The latent image is

A)visible to the naked eye.
B)the image on the radiographic film after processing.
C)the image on the radiographic film before processing but after exposure.
D)the image on the radiographic film before exposure.

Question 20

You noticed that the top part of two of your radiographs is black when you take them out of the manual processing tanks.Which of the following was the cause of this?

A)Wash water is too cold.
B)Fixer cut off
C)Developer is too hot.
D)Developer cut off

Question 21

(1)The developer solution becomes depleted from evaporation and the removal of small amounts of solution from the tank on the film hanger and films.(2)With time and use,the developer solution decreases in volume but increases in strength.

A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Question 22

Safelighting is a ______-intensity light composed of ______ wavelengths of the visible light spectrum.

A)low;long
B)low;short
C)high;long
D)high;short

Question 23

The lid of the processing tank prevents which of the following from occurring?

A)Oxidation and evaporation of chemicals
B)Imbibing water into chemicals
C)Raising the humidity level in the room to levels that would negatively affect processing
D)Water contamination in the master tank

Question 24

The purpose of a stirring rod is to

A)scrape bubbles from the surface of the films when they are in solution.
B)mix the chemicals and equalize the temperature of the solutions.
C)mix developer and fixer together in the master tank.
D)recover the thermometer from the bottom of the master tank.

Question 25

Which of the following statements is true of manual processing tanks?

A)The developer is on the right,and the fixer is on the left.
B)There are two master tanks and one insert tank.
C)The two insert tanks fit in the master tank.
D)Water is placed in the insert tank.

Question 26

Film hangers are a device used to

A)hold films during processing.
B)mount films.
C)view films.
D)open film packets.

Question 27

Your radiograph has thin diverging black lines on it.What is the most likely cause of this?

A)Humidity levels are too high,and you opened the packet too quickly.
B)Humidity levels are too low,and you opened the packet too quickly.
C)The developer was 10 degrees hotter than the water bath.
D)The fixer was 10 degrees colder than the water bath.

Question 28

(1)The radiolucent image on the film becomes more visible during the development stage when the developing agent,sodium thiosulfate or ammonium thiosulfate,removes the unexposed,underdeveloped silver halide crystals from the film emulsion.(2)Continued development of the crystals during the fixing process is prevented by the acidifier,acetic or sulfuric acid,in the fixer.

A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Question 29

The developer solution contains a preservative to prevent oxidation when the chemicals come in contact with _______________.

A)silver halide
B)silver bromide
C)air
D)moisture

Question 30

Which of the following statements is true of automatic film processors?

A)All automatic film processors are capable of processing a number of different sizes of x-ray film.
B)All automatic film processors may be used in a room with white light.
C)Only automatic film processors with daylight loaders may be used in a room with white light.
D)Automatic processing takes more time than manual processing.

Question 31

(1)The developer chemicals should be checked and replenished if needed on a daily basis.(2)The fixer chemicals should be checked and replenished if needed on a weekly basis.

A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Question 32

Developer solution should be changed ________________ fixer solution.

A)twice as often as
B)more often than
C)less often than
D)at the same time as

Question 33

(1)The temperatures of the developer and fixer solutions are controlled by the mixing valve.(2)A thermometer is put inside the developer tank for manual processing.

A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Question 34

Safelighting is in the ____________ portion of the visible light spectrum.

A)red-orange
B)orange-yellow
C)yellow-green
D)green-blue

Question 35

An exhausted developer produces a radiograph with

A)reduced density and increased contrast.
B)reduced density and reduced contrast.
C)increased density and increased contrast.
D)increased density and reduced contrast.

Question 36

Acetic acid in the fixture acts as a preservative to prevent chemical breakdown of the fixing agent.Potassium alum contracts and solidifies the gelatin in the film emulsion during the fixation process.

A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Question 37

The film that you just developed is dull gray and lacks contrast.Which of the following should prevent this from occurring?

A)Films should not touch during film processing.
B)The safe light should be at least 4 feet away from the film.
C)The developer and water bath should be the same temperature.
D)The film should be rinsed thoroughly before drying.

Question 38

(1)Potassium bromide,an alkaline accelerator,activates the developer solution and softens the gelatin in the film emulsion.(2)Sodium carbonate,the restrainer,prevents film fog by stopping the development of the silver halide crystals.

A)Both statements are true.
B)Both statements are false.
C)The first statement is true;the second statement is false.
D)The first statement is false;the second statement is true.

Question 39

Films that are exposed to safelight illumination for more than 2 or 3 minutes will appear

A)lighter overall than they otherwise would appear.
B)fogged.
C)to have higher contrast than they otherwise would appear.
D)unchanged.

Question 40

A timer is used to indicate time intervals during which of the following steps of manual processing?
1)Developer solution
2)Rinse water
3)Fixer solution
4)Wash water

A)1,2,3,4
B)2,3,4
C)2,4
D)4 only

Question 41

Duplicating film

A)is placed inside the patient's mouth.
B)is the same as intraoral film.
C)is gray on both sides of the film packet.
D)requires the use of a film duplicator.

Question 42

Overdeveloped films may result from

A)inadequate development time.
B)overconcentrated developer solution.
C)low developer temperature.
D)depleted or contaminated developer solution.

Question 43

Insufficient fixation time or insufficient rinsing would lead to

A)overdeveloped film.
B)reticulation of emulsion.
C)yellow-brown films.
D)fixer cutoff.

Question 44

(1)The master and insert tanks must be cleaned with a solution of hydrochloric acid and water each time the solutions are changed,(2)because deposits form on the inside walls of the insert tanks from an interaction between mineral salts in the water and carbonate in the processing solutions.

A)Both the statement and the reason are correct.
B)Both the statement and the reason are not correct.
C)The statement is correct,but the reason is not correct.
D)The statement is not correct,but the reason is correct.

Question 45

Exhausted fixer produces a radiograph

A)with adequate "clearing" of the film.
B)with proper hardening of the film emulsion.
C)that will turn a yellow-brown color because exhausted fixer does not stop the chemical reaction.
D)that will require longer exposure time to achieve comparable contrast and density.

Question 46

The major advantage of automatic film processing versus manual film processing is

A)less processing time is required.
B)time is manually controlled.
C)water temperature is manually controlled.
D)more sophisticated equipment is used.

Question 47

An extraoral cleaning film is used to

A)wipe the rollers off when the processor is disassembled.
B)clean residual gelatin or dirt from the rollers.
C)disinfect the daylight loader of the automatic processor.
D)clean the master tank of a manual processor.

Question 48

Reticulation means the film appears

A)to have white spots.
B)to have dark spots.
C)cracked.
D)as thin,black branching lines.

Question 49

Developer cutoff appears as a

A)straight white border on the film.
B)straight black border on the film.
C)curved white border on the film.
D)curved black border on the film.

Question 50

Underdeveloped films may result from

A)excess development time.
B)overconcentrated developer solution.
C)high developer temperature.
D)low developer temperature.

Question 51

Which of the following statements is true of automatic processing?

A)Wrapped films are fed into the film feed slot.
B)The developing chemistry may be used interchangeably between automatic and manual film processing.
C)Developer solution for automatic processing is heated to the same temperature as developer solution for manual processing.
D)The film is transported directly from the developer solution into the fixer without a rinsing step.