Deck 10: Improving Decision Making and Managing Knowledge

Question 1

Because genetic algorithms produce generalized solutions,they are best used as aids or guides to human decision makers instead of substitutes for them.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

DSS primarily address structured problems.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Web-based tools for videoconferencing and electronic meetings are the primary tools for GDSS.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Structured knowledge includes just that knowledge that exists in formal documents and rules.

Question 5

Shopping bots are a form of intelligent agent.

Question 6

A decision can be said to have improved if it can be made more quickly.

Question 7

CBR is used in diagnostic systems in medicine.

Question 8

In high-velocity automated decision making,humans are eliminated from the decision chain.

Question 9

Genetic algorithms are used for generating solutions to problems that are too large and complex for human beings to analyze on their own.

Question 10

Unlike genetic algorithms,neural networks are not suited to finding patterns and relationships in massive amounts of data.

Question 11

Executive support systems focus on using parameterized reports and data mining to analyze large pools of data in major corporate systems.

Question 12

Fuzzy logic is used to express relationships very generally.

Question 13

Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems deal with structured and semistructured knowledge,while other systems are used for unstructured knowledge.

Question 14

Expert systems capture the knowledge of skilled employees in the form of a set of rules in a software system that can be used by others in the organization.

Question 15

GDSS are designed to display data in the form of digitized maps.

Question 16

Case-based reasoning describes a particular phenomenon or process linguistically and then represents that description in a small number of flexible rules.

Question 17

Knowledge network systems seek to turn unstructured knowledge of some employees into explicit knowledge that can be stored or accessed by other individuals.

Question 18

Knowledge can reside in e-mail,voice mail,graphics,and unstructured documents as well as structured documents.

Question 19

What-if analysis works forward from known or assumed conditions.

Question 20

Business intelligence and analytics are products defined by software vendors.

Question 21

Operational management typically makes which type of decisions?

A)Semistructured
B)Documented
C)Structured
D)Procedural

Question 22

Simon's four different stages in decision making are,in order from first to last:

A)identification,choice,design,and implementation.
B)identification,design,choice,and finalization.
C)intelligence,choice,design,and implementation.
D)intelligence,design,choice,and implementation.

Question 23

Deciding whether to introduce a new product line is an example of a(n):

A)unstructured decision.
B)semistructured decision.
C)procedural decision.
D)nonprocedural decision.

Question 24

Which phase of decision making finds or recognizes a problem?

A)Design
B)Intelligence
C)Choice
D)Implementation

Question 25

The type of decision that can be made by following a definite procedure is called a(n)________ decision.

A)structured
B)unstructured
C)semistructured
D)procedural

Question 26

Which dimension of quality means that a decision faithfully reflects the concerns and interests of affected parties?

A)Due process
B)Justice
C)Fairness
D)Coherence

Question 27

In a parameterized report,users can:

A)drill down to more finely grained information.
B)create their own reports based on custom queries.
C)view overall firm performance data.
D)view data according to different dimensions of the data.

Question 28

Why does improving a small,routine decision have business value for a company?

A)A small decision may have a great economic impact on the company.
B)Even a routine decision may have a "ripple" effect through a corporation.
C)A small decision has business value when added with all the other small decisions made in the company.
D)Small,routine decisions typically do not have any business value for a company.

Question 29

Which dimension of quality means that a decision is the result of a known process and can be appealed to a higher authority?

A)Due process
B)Justice
C)Fairness
D)Accuracy

Question 30

Which of the following is a key problem in managing knowledge?

A)Classifying knowledge
B)Storing knowledge
C)Distributing knowledge
D)Locating knowledge

Question 31

Estimating the number of direct goods to reorder falls into which category of decision making?

A)Structured
B)Documented
C)Unstructured
D)Procedural

Question 32

According to your reading of the text,Procter & Gamble's use of intelligent agent technology in its supply chain illustrates the use of information systems to implement which of the four generic business strategies?

A)Low-cost leadership
B)Product differentiation
C)Focus on market niche
D)Strengthen customer and supplier intimacy

Question 33

Which dimension of quality means that a decision should reflect a rational process?

A)Comprehensiveness
B)Accuracy
C)Fairness
D)Coherence

Question 34

Which of the following would be a typical production report for an organization's financial division?

A)Variability of sales by region and time
B)Projected income
C)Supplier information
D)Cash flow

Question 35

Which types of decisions are more prevalent at lower organizational levels?

A)Procedural decisions
B)Unstructured decisions
C)Structured decisions
D)Semistructured decisions

Question 36

Where there is no well-understood or agreed-on procedure for making a decision,it is said to be:

A)undocumented.
B)unstructured.
C)documented.
D)semistructured.

Question 37

Neural network applications in medicine,science,and business address problems in all of the following except:

A)pattern classification.
B)prediction.
C)control and optimization.
D)generalization.

Question 38

________ decisions are most common at higher levels of management.

A)Semistructured
B)Unstructured
C)Structured
D)Undocumented

Question 39

Which of the following is not an element of the business intelligence environment?

A)User interface
B)Executive users
C)Platform
D)Business analytics toolset

Question 40

All of the following are analytic functionalities that BI systems deliver except:

A)user interface.
B)ad hoc queries.
C)dashboards.
D)production reports.

Question 41

Expertise and experience of organizational members that has not been formally documented best describes:

A)wisdom.
B)information.
C)data.
D)tacit knowledge.

Question 42

Virtually all successful expert systems deal with problems of:

A)associative data.
B)classification.
C)logic and control.
D)unstructured decision-making.

Question 43

What type of model asks what-if questions repeatedly to determine the impact on outcomes of changes in one or more factors?

A)Mathematical
B)Sensitivity analysis
C)Goal seeking
D)Forecasting

Question 44

Backward sensitivity analysis software is used for:

A)supply chain optimization.
B)historical what-if analysis.
C)goal seeking.
D)reverse forecasting.

Question 45

All of the following are dimensions of firm performance that are measured in the balanced scorecard method except:

A)resources.
B)business process.
C)customer.
D)learning and growth.

Question 46

Which of the following is a type of intelligent technique?

A)Knowledge management system
B)Expert system
C)CAD system
D)Sensitivity analysis

Question 47

What are the two major types of knowledge management systems?

A)Management information systems and decision support systems
B)Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems and knowledge work systems
C)Enterprise systems and knowledge management systems
D)Expert systems and knowledge work systems

Question 48

Genetic algorithms:

A)represent knowledge as groups of characteristics.
B)are software programs that work in the background to carry out specific,repetitive tasks.
C)develop solutions to particular problems using techniques such as fitness,crossover,and mutation.
D)"learn" patterns from large quantities of data by sifting through data.

Question 49

________ are designed to have a generalized capability to learn.

A)Knowledge-based systems
B)Neural networks
C)Fuzzy logic systems
D)Expert systems

Question 50

Why is the balanced scorecard method said to be "balanced"?

A)It uses measurable dimensions for assessing performance.
B)It measures performance of more than just financial systems.
C)It assesses both the internally focussed and externally focussed business processes.
D)It measures performance along all major divisions of a firm,from production and manufacturing to human resources.

Question 51

Which of the following would not be classified as a type of intelligent technique?

A)Genetic algorithms
B)Case-based reasoning
C)Neural networks
D)Virtual reality

Question 52

________ are intelligent techniques that parallel some aspects of the processing patterns of the biological brain.

A)Neural networks
B)Genetic algorithms
C)CBR systems
D)Fuzzy logic systems

Question 53

Expert systems:

A)solve problems too difficult for human experts.
B)are based on DO WHILE rules.
C)work in very limited domains.
D)share characteristics with mainframe computing.

Question 54

Which type of information system uses data visualization technology to analyze and display data for planning and decision making in the form of digitized maps?

A)GIS
B)DSS
C)GSS
D)TPS

Question 55

An inference engine is:

A)a data mining strategy used by intelligent agents.
B)the programming environment of an expert system.
C)a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks.
D)a strategy used to search through the rule base in an expert system.

Question 56

GDSS are designed to:

A)allow meeting attendees to share their thoughts in real time with their peers.
B)manage knowledge using a global perspective.
C)enable collaboration among geographically dispersed participants.
D)implement structured methods for organizing and evaluation ideas.

Question 57

Which of the following BI functionalities would you use to assess how customers would respond to a price change in your product?

A)Paramaterized reports
B)Predictive analytics
C)Ad hoc queries
D)Production reports

Question 58

To automate routine tasks to help firms search for and filter information for use in electronic commerce and supply chain management,a firm would most likely use:

A)CAD systems.
B)genetic algorithms.
C)fuzzy logic systems.
D)intelligent agents.

Question 59

Expert systems model human knowledge as a set of rules that collectively are called the:

A)knowledge base.
B)knowledge database.
C)inference engine.
D)inference base.

Question 60

A KPI is:

A)an industry standard for measuring performance along a given dimension.
B)a measure proposed by senior management.
C)an alternative to the balanced scorecard method.
D)an analytic technique for measuring financial performance.

Question 61

In ________,descriptions of past experiences of human specialists,represented as cases,are stored in a database for later retrieval when the user encounters a new case with similar parameters.

A)expert systems
B)DSS
C)CBR
D)intelligence networks

Question 62

________ systems help organizations manage both structured and semistructured knowledge.

A)Digital asset management
B)Knowledge network
C)Enterprise content management
D)Knowledge work

Question 63

Decision making is enhanced by a diverse group of ________,such as data mining and fuzzy logic.

A)intelligent techniques
B)expert systems
C)DSS
D)intelligent models

Question 64

Knowledge network systems are also known as knowledge location and management systems.

Question 65

Tools for the management,delivery,tracking,and assessment of various types of employee learning best describes:

A)knowledge work systems.
B)employee relationship systems.
C)employee management systems.
D)learning management systems.

Question 66

A(n)________ capability allows users to view more detailed views of data.

A)ad hoc
B)drill-down
C)query and reporting
D)metrics

Question 67

________ helps users see patterns and relationships in large amounts of data by presenting the data in graphical form.

A)Data visualization
B)GIS
C)Dashboards
D)Portals

Question 68

Virtual reality systems:

A)provide design engineers with precise,three-dimensional representations of their models.
B)provide an important source of expertise for organizations.
C)allow groups to work together on documents.
D)provide simulations of walking through or manipulating a three-dimensional model or programmed real-world environment.

Question 69

________ is a management methodology that translates a firm's goals into operational targets.

A)BPM
B)KPI
C)Balanced scorecard
D)OLAP

Question 70

________ help media firms store and manage unstructured digital data such as photographs,images,videos,and audio files.

A)Digital asset management systems
B)Knowledge networks
C)LMS
D)CAD

Question 71

________ intelligence technology consists of computer-based systems that attempt to emulate human behavior and thought patterns.

A)Neural
B)Genetic
C)Fuzzy
D)Artificial

Question 72

CAD workstations:

A)provide design engineers with precise,three-dimensional representations of their models.
B)provide an important source of expertise for organizations.
C)allow groups to work together on documents.
D)are high-end PCs used in the financial sector to analyze trading situations instantaneously and facilitate portfolio management.

Question 73

Virtual reality applications for the Web use a standard called:

A)CAD
B)VRML
C)VML
D)TCP/IP

Question 74

Which of the following would not be classified as a knowledge work system?

A)Computer-aided design
B)3D visualization system
C)Investment workstations
D)Digital asset management system

Question 75

A(n)________ table is a spreadsheet feature that displays two or more dimensions of data in a convenient format.

A)pivot
B)drill-down
C)ad hoc
D)multi-tier

Question 76

________ is a rule-based technology that can represent the imprecise categories by creating rules that use approximate or subjective values.

A)CBR
B)Fuzzy logic
C)A genetic algorithm
D)An expert system

Question 77

Dashboards and scorecards are visual interfaces used to make firm information easier to review quickly.

Question 78

Folksonomies are user-created taxonomies.

Question 79

________ are an essential component of a knowledge work system.

A)Computer-aided design tools
B)Three-dimensional modeling tools
C)Tagging and classification tools
D)Links to external knowledge bases

Question 80

In order to search for and retrieve knowledge objects in an enterprise content management system,the objects themselves must be:

A)tagged with a classification.
B)linked to their original sources.
C)organized into relevant directories.
D)referenced by appropriate indices.