Question 1

To prevent gastrointestinal (GI)upset,clients should be instructed to take iron supplements:&#10;A)On a full stomach&#10;B)At bedtime&#10;C)After eating a meal&#10;D)With milk

Accepted Answer

Taking iron supplements at bedtime may reduce GI upset.Iron supplements are best absorbed if they are not taken on a full stomach.Iron supplements are best absorbed if they are taken when the stomach is empty.Iron can be taken at bedtime if abdominal discomfort occurs when it is taken between meals.Bran,tea,coffee,milk,and eggs may reduce absorption.Iron can be taken at bedtime if abdominal discomfort occurs when it is taken between meals.

Question 2

A pregnant woman's diet consists almost entirely of whole grain breads and cereals,fruits,and vegetables.The nurse is most concerned about this woman's intake of:&#10;A)Calcium&#10;B)Protein&#10;C)Vitamin B12&#10;D)Folic acid

Accepted Answer

This diet is consistent with that followed by a strict vegetarian (vegan).Vegans consume only plant products.Because vitamin B₁₂ is found in foods of animal origin,this diet is deficient in vitamin B₁₂.Depending on the woman's food choices,this diet may be adequate in calcium.Protein needs can be sufficiently met by a vegetarian diet.The nurse should be more concerned with the woman's intake of vitamin B₁₂ due to her dietary restrictions.Folic acid needs can be met by enriched bread products.

Question 3

Which vitamins or minerals can lead to congenital malformations of the fetus if taken in excess by the mother?&#10;A)Zinc&#10;B)Vitamin D&#10;C)Folic acid&#10;D)Vitamin A

Accepted Answer

If taken in excess,vitamin A causes a number of problems.An analog of vitamin A appears in prescribed acne medications,which must not be taken during pregnancy.Zinc is vital to good maternity and fetal health and is highly unlikely to be consumed in excess.Vitamin D is vital to good maternity and fetal health and is highly unlikely to be consumed in excess.Folic acid is vital to good maternity and fetal health and is highly unlikely to be consumed in excess.

Question 4

A woman has come to the clinic for preconception counseling because she wants to start trying to get pregnant in 3 months.She can expect the following advice:&#10;A)&#34;Discontinue all contraception now.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;Lose weight so that you can gain more during pregnancy.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;You may take any medications you have been taking regularly.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;Make sure you include adequate folic acid in your diet.&#34;

Accepted Answer

A healthy diet before conception is the best way to ensure that adequate nutrients are available for the developing fetus.A woman's folate or folic acid intake is of particular concern in the periconception period.Neural tube defects are more common in infants of women with a poor folic acid intake.Depending on the type of contraception used,it may not be appropriate to discontinue all contraception at this time.Advising the client to lose weight now so that she can gain more during pregnancy is not appropriate advice.Depending on the type of medications the woman is taking,it may not be appropriate for her to continue taking them regularly.

Question 5

A 27-year-old pregnant woman had a preconceptual body mass index (BMI)of 19.The nurse knows that this woman's total recommended weight gain during pregnancy should be at least:&#10;A)20 kg (44 lb)&#10;B)16 kg (35 lb)&#10;C)12.5 kg (27.5 lb)&#10;D)10 kg (22 lb)

Accepted Answer

This woman has a normal BMI and should gain 11.5 to 16 kg during pregnancy.A weight gain of 20 kg (44 lb)is unhealthy for most women.This woman has a normal BMI and should gain 11.5 to 16 kg during pregnancy.A weight gain of 16 kg (35 lb)is the high end of the range of weight this woman should gain in her pregnancy.A weight gain of 10 kg (22 lb)is appropriate for an obese woman.This woman has a normal BMI,which indicates that her weight is average.

Question 6

Which nutritional recommendation about fluids is accurate?&#10;A)A woman's daily intake should be six to eight glasses of water,milk,and/or juice.&#10;B)Coffee should be limited to no more than 2 cups,but tea and cocoa can be consumed without worry.&#10;C)Of the artificial sweeteners,only aspartame has not been associated with any maternity health concerns.&#10;D)Water with fluoride is especially encouraged because it reduces the child's risk of tooth decay.

Accepted Answer

Six to eight glasses is still the standard for fluids;however,they should be the right fluids.All beverages containing caffeine,including tea,cocoa,and some soft drinks,should be avoided or should be drunk only in limited amounts.Artificial sweeteners,including aspartame,have no ill effects on the normal mother or fetus.However,mothers with phenylketonuria (PKU)should avoid aspartame.No evidence indicates that prenatal fluoride consumption reduces childhood tooth decay.However,it still helps the mother.

Question 7

Three servings of milk,yogurt,or cheese plus two servings of meat,poultry,or fish will adequately supply the recommended amount of protein for the pregnant woman.Many clients are concerned about the increased levels of mercury in fish and may be afraid to include this source of nutrients in their diet.Sound advice by the nurse to assist the client in determining which fish is safe to consume includes:

A)Canned white tuna is a preferred choice
B)Avoid shark,swordfish,and mackerel
C)Fish caught in local waterways is the safest
D)Salmon and shrimp contain high levels of mercury

Accepted Answer

As a precaution,the pregnant client should avoid eating all of these as well as the less common tilefish.Additional information on levels of mercury in commercially caught fish is available at www.cfsan.fda.gov.High levels of mercury can harm the developing nervous system of the fetus.It is essential for the nurse to assist the client in understanding the differences between numerous sources of this product.A pregnant client may eat as much as 12 ounces a week of canned light tuna;however,canned white,albacore,or tuna steaks contain higher levels of mercury and should be limited to no more than 6 ounces per week.Pregnant women and mothers of young children should check with local advisories about the safety of fish caught by families and friends in nearby bodies of water.If no information is available,these fish sources should be avoided,limited to less than 6 ounces,or the only fish consumed that week.Commercially caught fish that is low in mercury includes salmon,shrimp,pollock,or catfish.The pregnant client may eat up to 12 ounces per week.

Question 8

Which nutrient's recommended dietary allowance (RDA)is higher during lactation than during pregnancy?&#10;A)Energy (kcal)&#10;B)Iron&#10;C)Vitamin A&#10;D)Folic acid

Accepted Answer

Needs for energy,protein,calcium,iodine,zinc,the B vitamins,and vitamin C remain greater than nonpregnant needs.The need for iron is not higher during lactation than pregnancy.A lactating woman does not have a greater requirement for vitamin A than a nonpregnant woman.Folic acid requirements are the highest during the first trimester.

Question 9

Which statement made by a lactating woman leads the nurse to believe that the woman might have lactose intolerance?&#10;A)&#34;I always have heartburn after I drink milk.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;If I drink more than a cup of milk,I usually have abdominal cramps and bloating.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;Drinking milk usually makes me break out in hives.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;Sometimes I notice that I have bad breath after I drink a cup of milk.&#34;

Accepted Answer

One problem that can interfere with milk consumption is lactose intolerance,which is the inability to digest milk sugar because of a lack of the enzyme lactose in the small intestine.Milk consumption may cause abdominal cramping,bloating,and diarrhea in such people,although many lactose-intolerant individuals can tolerate small amounts of milk without symptoms.A woman with lactose intolerance is more likely to experience bloating and cramping,not heartburn.A client that breaks out in hives after consuming milk is more likely to have a milk allergy.This woman should be advised to simply brush her teeth after consuming dairy products.

Question 10

With regard to weight gain during pregnancy,maternity nurses should know that:&#10;A)In this case,the woman's height is not a factor in determining her target weight&#10;B)Obese women may have their health concerns,but their risk of giving birth to a child with major congenital defects is the same as with normal-weight women&#10;C)Women with inadequate weight gain have an increased risk of delivering an infant with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)&#10;D)Greater than expected weight gain during pregnancy is almost always due to old-fashioned overeating

Accepted Answer

IUGR is associated with women with inadequate weight gain.The primary factor in making a weight gain recommendation is the appropriateness of the prepregnancy weight for the woman's height.Obese women are twice as likely as normal-weight women to give birth to a child with major congenital defects.Overeating is only one of several likely causes.

Question 11

After you complete your nutritional counseling for a pregnant woman,you ask her to repeat your instructions so that you can assess her understanding of the instructions given.Which statement indicates that she understands the role of protein in her pregnancy?

A)"Protein will help my baby grow."
B)"Eating protein will prevent me from becoming anemic."
C)"Eating protein will make my baby have strong teeth after he is born."
D)"Eating protein will prevent me from being diabetic."

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Accepted Answer

The answer of After you complete your nutritional counseling for...

Question 12

Maternal nutritional status is an especially significant factor of the many that influence the outcome of pregnancy because:&#10;A)It is very difficult to adjust because of people's ingrained eating habits&#10;B)It is an important preventive measure for a variety of problems&#10;C)Women love obsessing about their weight and diets&#10;D)A woman's preconception weight becomes irrelevant

Accepted Answer

The answer of Maternal nutritional status is an especially significant...

Question 13

While taking a diet history the nurse might be told that the expectant mother has cravings for ice chips,cornstarch,and baking soda.This represents a nutritional problem known as:&#10;A)Preeclampsia&#10;B)Pyrosis&#10;C)Pica&#10;D)Purging

Accepted Answer

The answer of While taking a diet history the nurse...

Question 14

Pregnant adolescents are at high risk for _______________ due to lower body mass indexes (BMIs)and &#34;fad&#34; dieting.&#10;A)Obesity&#10;B)Gestational diabetes&#10;C)Low-birth-weight babies&#10;D)High-birth-weight babies

Accepted Answer

The answer of Pregnant adolescents are at high risk for...

Question 15

Which meal provides the most absorbable iron?&#10;A)Toasted cheese sandwich,celery sticks,tomato slices,and a grape drink&#10;B)Oatmeal,whole wheat toast,jelly,and low-fat milk&#10;C)Black bean soup,wheat crackers,ambrosia (orange sections,coconut,and pecans),and prunes&#10;D)Red beans and rice,cornbread,mixed greens,and decaffeinated tea

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which meal provides the most absorbable iron?&#10;A)Toasted...

Question 16

Assessment of a woman's nutritional status includes a diet history,medication regimen,physical examination,and relevant laboratory tests.A maternity nurse performing such an assessment should be aware that:

A)Oral contraceptive use may interfere with the absorption of iron
B)Illnesses that have created nutritional deficits,such as phenylketonuria (PKU),may require nutritional care before conception
C)The woman's socioeconomic status and educational level are not relevant to her examination;they are the province of the social worker
D)The only nutrition-related laboratory test most pregnant women need is testing for diabetes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Assessment of a woman's nutritional status includes...

Question 17

Which minerals and vitamins usually are recommended to supplement a pregnant woman's diet?&#10;A)Fat-soluble vitamins A and D&#10;B)Water-soluble vitamins C and B6&#10;C)Iron and folate&#10;D)Calcium and zinc

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which minerals and vitamins usually are recommended...

Question 18

To help a woman reduce the severity of nausea caused by morning sickness,the nurse might suggest that she:&#10;A)Try a tart food or drink,such as lemonade,or salty foods,such as potato chips&#10;B)Drink plenty of fluids early in the day&#10;C)Brush her teeth immediately after eating&#10;D)Never snack before bedtime

Accepted Answer

The answer of To help a woman reduce the severity...

Question 19

A pregnant woman's diet history indicates that she likes the following.The nurse encourages this woman to consume more of which food in order to increase her calcium intake?&#10;A)Fresh apricots&#10;B)Canned clams&#10;C)Spaghetti with meat sauce&#10;D)Canned sardines

Accepted Answer

The answer of A pregnant woman's diet history indicates that...

Question 20

Nutrition is one of the most significant factors in influencing the outcome of a pregnancy.Nutrition is alterable and an important preventive measure for a variety of potential problems such as low birth weight and prematurity.While completing the physical assessment of the pregnant client,the nurse can evaluate the client's nutritional status by observing a number of physical signs.Which sign indicates that the client has unmet nutritional needs?

A)Normal heart rate,rhythm,and blood pressure
B)Bright,clear,shiny eyes
C)Alert,responsive,and good endurance
D)Edema,tender calves,and tingling

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nutrition is one of the most significant...

Question 21

Obstetricians today are seeing more morbidly obese pregnant women (those that weigh 400 lb or greater).A new medical subspecialty referred to as ____________ obstetrics has subsequently arisen.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Obstetricians today are seeing more morbidly obese...

Question 22

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)have been established for the people of the United States and Canada.These recommendations for daily nutritional intakes meet the needs of approximately 75% to 80% of the healthy population.Is this statement true or false?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)have been established for...

Question 23

Most women with uncomplicated pregnancies can use the nurse as their primary source for nutritional information.There are times when the nurse or midwife should refer a client to a registered dietitian for in-depth nutritional counseling.These pregnant women include those with:

A)Preexisting or gestational illness such as diabetes
B)Ethnic or cultural food patterns
C)Obesity
D)Vegetarian diets

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most women with uncomplicated pregnancies can use...

Question 24

Calculate the body mass index (BMI)for a woman who is 65 cm tall and weighs 115 lb.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Calculate the body mass index (BMI)for a...

Deck 14: Maternal and Fetal Nutrition