Deck 17: Foreign Policy

Question 1

To many Americans, what is the chief purpose of the nation's foreign policy?

A)protecting America's security
B)ensuring economic prosperity
C)promoting human rights
D)preserving the global environment
E)expanding the influence of American culture and religion

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of deterrence?

A)The United States enters into negotiations by signing a treaty with another nation-state.
B)The United States moves to attack the Soviet Union, believing that the Soviet Union is contemplating hostile action.
C)The United States moves to increase the size of the military to discourage attack.
D)The United States avoids permanent alliances with foreign powers by remaining neutral.
E)The United States moves to promote security by establishing trade relations with another country.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

A terrorist group is an example of a(n)

A)isolationist group.
B)appeasement group.
C)security actor.
D)interest group.
E)non-state actor.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which term describes the desire to avoid involvement in the affairs of other nations?

A)unilateralism
B)uniformity
C)isolationism
D)solitarism
E)deterrence

Question 5

The term for a political entity consisting of people with some common cultural experience, a common political authority, and recognition by other sovereignties is

A)sovereignty.
B)vassal.
C)nation.
D)province.
E)nation-state.

Question 6

In his farewell address, which president warned the American people to "steer clear of permanent alliances" and "to have . . . as little political connection as possible" with foreign nations?

A)George Washington
B)John Quincy Adams
C)Theodore Roosevelt
D)Franklin D.Roosevelt
E)Woodrow Wilson

Question 7

The global war on terror is an expression of which of the following foreign policies?

A)nation-state
B)multilateralism
C)terrorism
D)appeasement
E)preemption

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a non-state actor?

A)France
B)Russia
C)China
D)Amnesty International
E)North Korea

Question 9

The Cold War idea that the United States should show peaceful intentions in an attempt to placate the Soviet Union is an example of the policy of

A)preventative war.
B)appeasement.
C)isolationism.
D)strike warfare.
E)deterrence.

Question 10

The Monroe Doctrine is based on which of the following principles?

A)appeasement
B)isolationism
C)deterrence
D)prevention
E)preemption

Question 11

What does a policy of deterrence require?

A)making a commitment to isolationism
B)concealing the nation's willingness to fight
C)having large military forces
D)getting support for the appeasement strategy
E)attacking an opposing country before it grows strong

Question 12

During the Cold War, both the United States and USSR maintained huge arsenals of nuclear weapons.This was an especially threatening form of deterrence known as

A)double suicide.
B)Romeo and Juliet's folly.
C)security pact.
D)suicide pact.
E)mutually assured destruction.

Question 13

After the 2008 election, how did the Obama administration influence U.S.policy toward ongoing conflicts?

A)President Obama initially chose to step up American's military effort in Afghanistan and keep U.S.forces in Iraq.
B)President Obama renounced the Bush Doctrine.
C)President Obama immediately hastened the departure of American troops from Iraq but not Afghanistan.
D)President Obama immediately hastened the departure of American troops from Afghanistan but not Iraq
E)President Obama immediately hastened the departure of American troops from both Iraq and Afghanistan.

Question 14

A group other than a nation-state that attempts to play a role in the international system is also known as which of the following?

A)non-state actor
B)government
C)isolationist
D)country
E)ally

Question 15

Why did the Soviet Union collapse?

A)The government tried to tax liquor, an act that sparked the Vodka Revolt of 1989.
B)A Chinese invasion of Siberia led to a military coup.
C)Its economy could not sustain the large defense budgets necessary to compete with the United States.
D)It had too much internal ethnic diversity.
E)Its people revolted to claim the right to religious freedom.

Question 16

The era of confrontation with the former Soviet Union is known as the

A)Hundred Years' War.
B)Soviet War.
C)Silent War.
D)Third World War.
E)Cold War.

Question 17

The security policy developed by the United States in the aftermath of World War II is known as

A)isolationism.
B)appeasement.
C)preemption.
D)containment.
E)bimetallism.

Question 18

The oft-discussed notion from the Cold War that the United States should attack the Soviet Union before the Soviet Union attacks the United States is an example of the policy of

A)preventive war.
B)appeasement.
C)isolationism.
D)strike warfare.
E)mutually assured destruction.

Question 19

The foreign policy based on the idea that the United States should take preemptive action against threats to its national security is the __________ doctrine.

A)Bush
B)Ford
C)Carter
D)Reagan
E)Obama

Question 20

Which of the following is a new type of security challenge to America's information infrastructure?

A)ample food supplies
B)adequate transportation infrastructure
C)ample energy sources
D)assassination
E)cyber warfare

Question 21

What is the most important international organization for promoting free trade?

A)NAFTA
B)G-8
C)FIFA
D)IMF
E)WTO

Question 22

Congress has declared war on __________ occasions.

A)five
B)ten
C)fifteen
D)twenty
E)twenty-five

Question 23

What conflict marked the last time the U.S.Congress officially declared war?

A)the Korean War
B)World War II
C)the second Iraq war
D)Afghanistan and the global war against terrorism
E)the Vietnam War

Question 24

The Constitution involves the Senate directly in foreign-policy making through the

A)granting of letters of marque.
B)right to declare war.
C)fiscal appropriations process.
D)responsibility to receive ambassadors and recognize nations.
E)treaty power.

Question 25

The World Trade Organization grew out of which trade agreement?

A)General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
B)North American Free Trade Agreement
C)North Atlantic Treaty Organization
D)Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
E)Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Question 26

Which of the following is an example of an international humanitarian policy?

A)mutually assured destruction
B)protective tariffs
C)security assistance
D)petroleum agreements
E)disaster relief

Question 27

The bureaucrats who are often rivals for power within the intelligence community are the

A)secretary of defense and the director of the CIA.
B)national security adviser and the director of the FBI.
C)chairperson of the National Security Council and the chair of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
D)secretary of the treasury and the secretary of homeland security.
E)vice president and the National Security Council.

Question 28

The primary entrance of the Senate into foreign-policy making today is its role in

A)authorizing State Department spending.
B)declaring war.
C)committing troops.
D)confirming the appointment of senior military personnel.
E)approving treaties.

Question 29

What would the framers of the Constitution think of the president's ability to commit U.S.military forces abroad?

A)They would have preferred that states have discretion over international deployments of state militia detachments.
B)They would be happy because the president is intended to have full discretion over foreign policy.
C)They would be surprised because the military is supposed to exercise its own judgment on national security issues.
D)They would be surprised because the Supreme Court is required to rule on the constitutionality of each military deployment before it occurs.
E)They would be surprised because Congress was assigned the power to declare war.

Question 30

An agreement to offer a trading partner the lowest tariff rate given to other trading partners is called

A)discount.
B)equal trading.
C)most favored nation status.
D)GATT.
E)lowest permissible barrier.

Question 31

When negotiating international trade agreements, developed nations have been especially reluctant to reduce subsidies to which economic sector?

A)manufacturing
B)entertainment and leisure
C)agriculture
D)tourism
E)services

Question 32

International humanitarian policies are typically considered

A)the top security priority.
B)secondary in importance relative to international space exploration.
C)more important than security policies but less important than economic policies.
D)secondary in importance relative to economic and security policies.
E)more important than economic policies but less important than security policies.

Question 33

An example of a regional trade agreement designed to promote free trade is the

A)WTO.
B)NAFTA.
C)GATT.
D)IMF.
E)NATO.

Question 34

Since 1947, a separate organization in the White House, composed of key actors from the vast foreign-policy establishment, has helped the president make decisions and oversee the bureaucracy.What is the name of this unit?

A)Foreign Service
B)Office of Diplomacy
C)Central Planning Board
D)Intelligence Services Group
E)National Security Council

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a major bureaucratic actor in American foreign policy?

A)Department of State
B)Department of the Treasury
C)Federal Bureau of Investigation
D)Joint Chiefs of Staff
E)Department of Homeland Security

Question 36

During the 2016 presidential campaign, both Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump expressed opposition to which pending trade agreement negotiated by the Obama administration?

A)North American Free Trade Agreement
B)Central American Free Trade Agreement
C)North Atlantic Treaty Organization
D)Trans-Pacific Partnership
E)World Trade Alliance

Question 37

The United States' promotion of human rights is

A)its top international policy priority.
B)more important than security concerns.
C)more important than economic concerns.
D)applied equally to other nations, friend or foe.
E)less important than security and economic concerns.

Question 38

In 1997, the United States withdrew from an agreement that set limits on the emissions of greenhouse gasses from industrialized nations that was known as the

A)United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
B)Montreal Protocol.
C)Kyoto Protocol.
D)Manhattan Protocol.
E)Dayton Accords.

Question 39

When the United States granted China the best tariff rate it gives to any nation, it extended what status to China?

A)discount
B)equal trading
C)most favored nation
D)GATT
E)open partner

Question 40

The president can create legally binding understandings between the United States and another country without seeking the advice and consent of the Senate by using

A)a treaty.
B)an executive agreement.
C)executive privilege.
D)an executive order.
E)the presidential prerogative.

Question 41

Which international institution was established to provide short-term flow of money to help overcome temporary trade deficits?

A)World Bank
B)World Finance Institute
C)International Monetary Fund
D)International Development Organization
E)Manhattan Transfer Authority

Question 42

The most important category of unofficial player in American foreign policy is the

A)media.
B)military.
C)bureaucracy.
D)interest group.
E)United Nations.

Question 43

The International Monetary Fund makes loans that are consonant with the interests of the

A)world community.
B)European Union, its primary sponsor.
C)United Nations, its parent government.
D)United States, Europe, and Japan, its leading shareholders.
E)Federal Reserve, its primary sponsor.

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT an instrument of modern American foreign policy?

A)diplomacy
B)United Nations
C)the International Monetary Fund
D)economic aid and sanctions
E)unilateral security

Question 45

The representation of a government to other foreign governments is called

A)diplomacy.
B)cloaking.
C)international imaging.
D)foreign visioning.
E)projection.

Question 46

Which of the following is an example of a diplomatic solution?

A)The International Monetary Fund lends money to Greece.
B)Secretary of State John Kerry engages in talks with Russia to reach an agreement on the threat of Iranian nuclear weapons development.
C)The United States launches bombing strikes against terrorists groups and rogue states before they can do harm to the United States.
D)The United States sends medical aid, food relief, and rescue teams to Haiti after Haiti is struck by an earthquake.
E)The United States engages in a trade treaty with Canada and Mexico to lower or eliminate tariffs among the three countries.

Question 47

What is the supreme body of the United Nations?

A)the UN General Assembly
B)the UN Peacekeeping Taskforce
C)the UN Security Council
D)the UN Charter Group
E)the International House of Delegates

Question 48

The purpose of diplomacy is to

A)prepare for war.
B)promote the exchange of scholarly ideas across international boundaries.
C)sabotage a foreign nation.
D)promote national interests by peaceful means.
E)collect intelligence on the weaknesses of other countries.

Question 49

Unilateral sanctions by the U.S.government are usually

A)effective because of the magnitude of the U.S.economy.
B)effective because of the strength of the U.S.military.
C)ineffective because the target of the sanctions can simply trade elsewhere.
D)ineffective because federalism allows individual states to circumvent the sanction's trading rules.
E)effective because they inspire other countries to follow suit.

Question 50

Which of the following is an organization, founded in 1945, that acts as a channel for negotiations and a means of settling international disputes peaceably?

A)the League of Nations
B)the International Monetary Fund
C)the World Bank
D)the United Nations
E)the Warsaw Pact

Question 51

A relatively small but quite influential example of a human rights interest group is

A)Amnesty International.
B)Global Oppression Watch.
C)Citizens Against Genocide Conference.
D)World Commission on Crimes Against Humanity.
E)Human Rights Watch.

Question 52

The practical powers of the United Nations devolve mainly on the

A)UN General Assembly.
B)UN Peacekeeping Taskforce.
C)UN Security Council.
D)UN Charter Group.
E)UN Leadership Consortium.

Question 53

Which American interest group based on identification with its nation of origin has the reputation for having the strongest influence on foreign policy?

A)Jewish Americans with ties to Israel
B)Armenian Americans
C)Japanese descendants
D)Irish Americans
E)Cuban Americans

Question 54

Which choice best defines sanctions?

A)a loan to provide economic aid
B)a cash incentive to provide economic aid
C)permission to engage in international commerce
D)a type of treaty
E)an economic punishment

Question 55

When was the United Nations founded?

A)1919
B)1932
C)1945
D)1936
E)1989

Question 56

Which international institution was set up to make long-term loans to capital-hungry countries?

A)World Bank
B)World Finance Institute
C)International Monetary Fund
D)International Development Organization
E)Bretton Woods Institute

Question 57

The United States created the professional diplomatic corps with passage of the

A)State Secrets Act of 1790.
B)1792 Ministerial Ordinance.
C)Ambassadorial Act of 1812.
D)Diplomacy Act of 1893.
E)Foreign Service Act of 1946.

Question 58

Who can revoke executive agreements?

A)the full Senate
B)both chambers of Congress
C)the House of Representatives
D)the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
E)the Joint Committee on Trade and International Commerce

Question 59

When the United States prohibited trade with Cuba under the Castro government, it exemplified the use of

A)a policy of appeasement.
B)a policy of preemption.
C)a sanction.
D)a bilateral treaty.
E)diplomacy.

Question 60

The type of interest group that reputedly has the most influence on American foreign policy is the __________ interest group.

A)public
B)economic
C)professional
D)environmental
E)human rights

Question 61

Until the early twentieth century, the United States rejected the idea of isolationism.

Question 62

The United States accounts for roughly what share of global military spending?

A)one-tenth
B)one-fifth
C)one-third
D)half
E)three-fourths

Question 63

In the post-Cold War era, non-state actors have generally been deterred from action against the United States by the same means that deter nation-state actors.

Question 64

To counter new security threats posed by non-state actors, the United States has shifted from a policy of deterrence to a policy of appeasement.

Question 65

These neighboring countries are the top recipients of U.S.military aid.

A)Iran and Afghanistan
B)Trinidad and Tobago
C)Rwanda and Uganda
D)India and Pakistan
E)Israel and Egypt

Question 66

To many Americans, the chief purpose of the nation's foreign policy is protection of America's security.

Question 67

One example of an organization forged by a collective security treaty is

A)OPEC.
B)GATT.
C)WTO.
D)NATO.
E)APEC.

Question 68

What does NATO stand for?

A)NAtions TOgether
B)North American Trade Organization
C)North American Treaty Organization
D)National Alliance for Tranquility and Order
E)North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Question 69

Security includes transportation, infrastructure, and energy supplies.

Question 70

What provoked the first formal mobilization of the NATO Alliance?

A)the Soviet Union's invasion of Hungary in 1956
B)the Warsaw Pact's invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968
C)the Russian invasion of Chechnya in 1994
D)Al Qaeda's terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001
E)the Libyan civil war of 2011

Question 71

What major lesson did U.S.policy makers learn from the U.S.military actions in Korea, Vietnam, and Iraq?

A)Tanks are ineffective against large infantry formations.
B)The U.S.can succeed against guerrilla organizations with the help of China.
C)Democratic presidents are more likely to get the country into wars.
D)Public support for conflicts decreases if they last a long time without positive results.
E)The threat of nuclear weapons gives the U.S.a decisive military and diplomatic advantage.

Question 72

The first collective security agreement the United States entered into was the

A)North Atlantic Treaty, which created NATO.
B)Southeast Asia Treaty, which created SEATO.
C)ANZUS, tying Australia and New Zealand to the United States.
D)Rio Treaty, which established the Organization of American States.
E)Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

Question 73

This facility is used to hold indefinitely people captured overseas who are linked to terror organizations.

A)Fort Knox
B)Guantanamo
C)Alcatraz
D)Fort Leavenworth
E)Riker's Island

Question 74

When the United States asked the International Court of Justice to resolve a long-standing dispute with Italy over American property confiscated by the Italian government, it exemplified the resolution of conflict through the process called

A)collective bargaining.
B)jurisprudence.
C)adjudication.
D)judicial review.
E)arbitration.

Question 75

As part of its Cold War strategy of appeasement, the U.S.defended South Korea against invasion by North Korea.

Question 76

Which of the following is an example of a bilateral treaty?

A)The United States enters into an agreement with Canada and most of western Europe.
B)The United States enters into a security agreement with other states in the Western Hemisphere.
C)The United States enters into a security agreement with Israel.
D)The United States enters into a security agreement with the Philippines, Pakistan, and Thailand.
E)Australia and New Zealand enter into a security agreement with the United States.

Question 77

Which of the following is a treaty organization that was formed in 1949 to counter the perceived threat from the Soviet Union?

A)the League of Nations
B)the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
C)the World Bank
D)the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
E)the North American Free Trade Association

Question 78

Treaties between two countries are referred to as

A)bipolar.
B)bilateral.
C)bipartite.
D)bicameral.
E)dual state.

Question 79

The Bush Doctrine asserts that the United States will no longer attack other nations unless the United States is attacked first.

Question 80

What is the most visible instrument of foreign policy?

A)military force
B)arbitration
C)collective security treaties
D)sanctions
E)disaster assistance