Deck 13: Roles of Muscles

Question 1

In a group of muscles that can do the opposite action of the action in question,the most powerful muscle is known as the prime:

A)mover
B)agonist
C)antagonist
D)fixator

Answer 1

antagonist

Question 2

If a client has decreased flexion of the right thigh at the hip joint,which of the following muscles is most likely tight?

A)right rectus femoris
B)left rectus femoris
C)right semitendinosus
D)right sartorius

Answer 2

right semitendinosus

Question 3

When the action in question is dorsiflexion of the foot at the ankle joint,an antagonist is:

A)soleus
B)tibialis anterior
C)extensor hallucis longus
D)extensor digitorum longus

Answer 3

soleus

Question 4

When the action in question is extension of the neck at the spinal joints a mover is:

A)splenius capitis
B)anterior scalene
C)longus colli
D)platysma

Question 5

If a client has decreased right lateral flexion of the neck at the spinal joints,which of the following muscles is most likely tight?

A)right trapezius
B)left rhomboids
C)right splenius capitis
D)left sternocleidomastoid

Question 6

When the action in question is right rotation of the neck at the spinal joints an antagonist is:

A)posterior scalene
B)left sternocleidomastoid
C)right splenius capitis
D)right trapezius

Question 7

An antagonist is best defined as a muscle that:

A)can do the opposite of the mover
B)can do the opposite of the action in question
C)must always eccentrically contract
D)creates motion other than at joints

Question 8

A muscle that can do the action in question is called which of the following?

A)antagonist
B)neutralizer
C)mover
D)fixator

Question 9

When the action in question is abduction of the thigh at the hip joint a mover is:

A)adductor longus
B)vastus lateralis
C)gluteus medius
D)semitendinosus

Question 10

A contralateral muscle is also known as what type of muscle?

A)agonist
B)fixator
C)antagonist
D)support

Question 11

When contracting,movers will:

A)shorten
B)lengthen
C)stay the same length
D)sometimes shorten and sometimes lengthen

Question 12

When the action in question is flexion of the hand at the wrist joint an antagonist is:

A)extensor digitorum
B)pronator teres
C)flexor carpi ulnaris
D)supinator

Question 13

Cocontraction is defined as when which of the following contract at the same time?

A)mover and agonist
B)antagonist and fixator
C)antagonist and agonist
D)fixator and neutralizer

Question 14

The prime mover is defined as the:

A)longest mover
B)first mover to contract
C)most efficient mover
D)mover with the most power

Question 15

A characteristic of antagonists is that when contracting they will always:

A)stay the same length
B)shorten
C)lengthen
D)work against gravity

Question 16

When the action in question is flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint a mover is:

A)posterior deltoid
B)coracobrachialis
C)trapezius
D)triceps brachii

Question 17

An agonist is also known as which of the following?

A)antagonist
B)neutralizer
C)fixator
D)mover

Question 18

A mover performs what type of contraction?

A)concentric
B)eccentric
C)isometric
D)negative

Question 19

An antagonist performs what type of contraction?

A)concentric
B)stabilization
C)isometric
D)eccentric

Question 20

If a client has decreased abduction of the left thigh at the hip joint,which of the following muscles is most likely tight?

A)left sartorius
B)left adductor longus
C)right adductor magnus
D)right gluteus medius

Question 21

If the rectus femoris contracts and flexes the thigh at the hip joint,which of the following can act as a fixator to prevent pelvic motion at the hip joint?

A)gluteus maximus
B)tensor fasciae latae
C)iliopsoas
D)erector spinae

Question 22

If the rectus femoris contracts and flexes the thigh at the hip joint,the muscle that stops the pelvis from anteriorly tilting at the hip joint is called which of the following?

A)neutralizer
B)fixator
C)mover
D)antagonist

Question 23

When movers contract,antagonists usually:

A)shorten
B)relax
C)isometrically contract
D)concentrically contract

Question 24

Mobility muscles tend to be characterized as:

A)larger and deeper
B)smaller and superficial
C)larger and superficial
D)smaller and deeper

Question 25

If the right levator scapulae contracts to only right laterally flex the neck at the spinal joints,a possible fixator is:

A)right splenius capitis
B)right lower trapezius
C)right rhomboids
D)left levator scapulae

Question 26

Larger,longer,and more superficial describe which of the following types of muscles?

A)mobility
B)fixators
C)tonic
D)postural stabilization

Question 27

A muscle that can stop an unwanted action at the fixed attachment of the muscle that is working is called which of the following?

A)neutralizer
B)antagonist
C)mover
D)stabilizer

Question 28

Fixators and neutralizers are similar in that they both:

A)assist the mover by adding to the strength of the joint action
B)act to cancel out unwanted actions of the muscle that is working
C)isometrically contract to fix the fixed attachment of the muscle that is working
D)isometrically contract to stop unwanted actions of the muscle that is working

Question 29

If a body part is moving downward slowly at a joint,which of the following is most likely happening?

A)The movers are concentrically contracting.
B)The movers are lengthening.
C)Gravity is the mover.
D)Gravity is working against the motion.

Question 30

Tennis elbow muscles are commonly stressed in their role as fixators during which of the following joint actions?

A)flexion of the fingers
B)extension of the fingers
C)flexion of the hand at the wrist joint
D)extension of the hand at the wrist joint

Question 31

If the right levator scapulae contracts to only elevate the right scapula,a possible fixator is:

A)right lower trapezius
B)right splenius capitis
C)right anterior scalene
D)left lower trapezius

Question 32

If the flexor digitorum superficialis contracts to only flex the fingers,the extensor carpi radialis brevis acts as a fixator to do what to the hand at the wrist joint?

A)create flexion
B)prevent flexion
C)create extension
D)prevent extension

Question 33

Which method of body conditioning primarily focuses on strengthening the powerhouse?

A)yoga
B)nautilus
C)Pilates
D)Gyro tonics

Question 34

If the flexor digitorum superficialis contracts to only flex the fingers,extensor carpi radialis brevis acts as which of the following?

A)mover
B)antagonist
C)fixator
D)neutralizer

Question 35

Postural stabilization muscles tend to be characterized as:

A)larger and deeper
B)smaller and superficial
C)larger and superficial
D)smaller and deeper

Question 36

A muscle that can stop an unwanted action at the fixed attachment of the muscle that is working is called which of the following?

A)mover
B)antagonist
C)fixator
D)neutralizer

Question 37

Muscles are often divided into what two categories?

A)fixators and stabilizers
B)mobility muscles and movers
C)postural stabilization muscles and mobility muscles
D)concentric contractors and eccentric contractors

Question 38

If a body part is moving downward slowly at a joint,the antagonists are:

A)relaxed
B)concentrically contracting
C)shortening
D)eccentrically contracting

Question 39

If a body part is moving upward at a joint,the movers are:

A)relaxed
B)eccentrically contracting
C)concentrically contracting
D)lengthening

Question 40

Smaller,deeper muscles located close to joints are usually described as which of the following types of muscles?

A)mobility
B)phasic
C)postural stabilization
D)prime mover

Question 41

By definition,the attachment at which fixators work is the:

A)one that does not move
B)mobile one
C)insertion
D)proximal one

Question 42

For the distal attachment of a muscle to move more efficiently,the proximal attachment must:

A)move freely
B)be fixed
C)become hypermobile
D)move in the opposite direction

Question 43

If the right levator scapulae contracts to only right laterally flex the neck at the spinal joints,a possible neutralizer is:

A)right posterior scalene
B)left posterior scalene
C)left sternocleidomastoid
D)right lower trapezius

Question 44

Which of the following word roots means work?

A)ergon
B)syn
C)ordinare
D)agon

Question 45

Which of the following word roots means opposed?

A)contra
B)sym
C)ipsi
D)ergon

Question 46

A muscle that can stop an unwanted action at the mobile attachment of the muscle that is working is the definition of which of the following?

A)mover
B)fixator
C)antagonist
D)neutralizer

Question 47

Which type of muscle contraction is most likely to cause ischemia in the tissues?

A)shortening
B)isometric
C)eccentric
D)lengthening

Question 48

If the anterior deltoid muscle contracts to only flex the arm at the shoulder joint,the muscle that stops the deltoid from also abducting the arm at the shoulder joint is called which of the following?

A)mover
B)fixator
C)antagonist
D)neutralizer

Question 49

Which of the following types of muscles can be a synergist?

A)mover
B)fixator
C)neutralizer
D)all of these

Question 50

Any muscle other than the prime mover or prime antagonist that contracts to help the joint action in question occur is called what type of muscle?

A)support
B)assistant mover
C)synergist
D)neutralizer

Question 51

The attachment at which neutralizers work is the:

A)origin
B)fixed one
C)mobile one
D)none of the above

Question 52

A muscle that can hold another part of the body in position while the action in question is occurring is the definition of what type of muscle?

A)mover
B)stabilizer
C)support
D)antagonist

Question 53

Which of the following word roots means side?

A)dextero
B)sinistro
C)latus
D)sagitta

Question 54

If the right levator scapulae contracts to only extend the neck at the spinal joints,a possible neutralizer is:

A)right lower trapezius
B)left upper trapezius
C)right posterior scalene
D)left rhomboid

Question 55

Which of the following word roots means against?

A)post
B)ante
C)sym
D)anti

Question 56

Scapulohumeral rhythm is an example of:

A)cocontraction
B)joint stabilization
C)lumbopelvic rhythm
D)coupled actions

Question 57

The purpose of support muscles is to:

A)oppose the antagonist
B)work against gravity
C)create motion at joints
D)create the same action as the mover

Question 58

Two separate joint actions that must occur simultaneously describe which of the following?

A)cocontraction
B)coupled actions
C)productive antagonism
D)cardinal plane actions

Question 59

The co-ordering of movers,antagonists,fixators,neutralizers,and support muscles describes which of the following?

A)cocontraction
B)synergy
C)coupled actions
D)coordination

Question 60

An example of coupled actions is when the:

A)arm moves,the scapula also moves
B)biceps brachii moves the forearm,the posterior deltoid fixes the arm at the shoulder joint
C)hip flexors contract,the hip extensors also contract
D)forearm moves,the hand goes along for the ride