Deck 6: Issues in Policing: Professional, Social, and Legal

Question 1

Overall, about ____ out of 10 persons who had contact with police in 2005 felt the police acted properly.

A)1
B)3
C)6
D)9

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Today, approximately ____ percent of all officers are racial minorities.

A)5
B)15
C)25
D)35

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Court decisions that limit police discretion are an example of a(n):

A)external stressor.
B)organizational stressor.
C)duty stressor.
D)individual stressor.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What term is used to describe the phenomena where black officers must deal with the expectation that they will give members of their own race a break, while at the same time they experience overt racism from their police colleagues?

A)The black curtain
B)Double marginality
C)Inherent role conflict
D)Toxic race relations

Question 5

Which style of policing prefers to ignore or treat informally issues of concern, unless the social or political order is being jeopardized?

A)Crime fighter
B)Social agent
C)Law enforcer
D)Watchman

Question 6

Stress reduction programs may include which of the following?

A)Diet information
B)Biofeedback
C)Meditation
D)All the above

Question 7

Which of the following traits is said to be found on all levels of policing?

A)Anger
B)Racism
C)Dogmatism
D)Cynicism

Question 8

What city was the first to hire and award the title of police officer to a woman in 1910?

A)Chicago
B)Boston
C)Los Angeles
D)New York City

Question 9

The inconvenience and physical strains that come from rotating shift work are examples of:

A)external stressors.
B)organizational stressors.
C)duty stressors.
D)individual stressors.

Question 10

An officer approaches a group of teenagers standing in a parking lot, drinking beer. She checks them for gang symbols and calls into the station to ascertain if any of them have active warrants. This officer typifies which officer style?

A)Crime fighter
B)Social agent
C)Law enforcer
D)Watchman

Question 11

Which policing style utilizes the least amount of discretion?

A)Crime fighter
B)Social agent
C)Law enforcer
D)Watchman

Question 12

Which of the following is false regarding education and the police?

A)Educated officers are better able to communicate with the public.
B)Administrators believe that educated officers generate fewer citizen complaints.
C)Educated officers have greater disciplinary problems due to job boredom.
D)Higher educated officer have greater self-confidence and assurance.

Question 13

Which of the following factors bests fits under the heading of extralegal discretionary factors?

A)Peer pressure in policing
B)Racial profiling
C)Offender demeanor
D)The working and living environment

Question 14

Which officer's style involves acting as problem solvers and is therefore well suited for community policing?

A)Crime fighter
B)Social agent
C)Law enforcer
D)Watchman

Question 15

What pattern does research reveal regarding officers' involvement in use-of-force incidents?

A)There is little evidence that use-of-force incidents are racially motivated.
B)A small portion of officers account for a sizable portion of the abuses.
C)Problem officers tend to be young and inexperienced members of the force.
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 16

Which of the following is not one of the six core beliefs at the heart of the police culture?

A)Loyalty to colleagues counts above all else.
B)The war against crime cannot be won without bending the rules.
C)No one else understands the nature of police work.
D)All of the above are core beliefs in the police culture.

Question 17

The blue curtain is a term used to describe:

A)police reluctance to express personal feelings with each other.
B)the police practice of shrouding the windows and doors of the briefing room when confidential information is disseminated at roll call.
C)the secrecy and insulation from others in society that is a consequence of the police subculture.
D)the sheet used to drape the coffins of slain police officers.

Question 18

An officer approaches a group of teenagers drinking beer, she checks everyone's ID and arrests all who are underage. This example best typifies which officer style?

A)Crime fighter
B)Social agent
C)Law enforcer
D)Watchman

Question 19

Minority female officers account for approximately ____ percent of the police force?

A)1
B)5
C)15
D)22

Question 20

Which of the following is a source of stress in policing?

A)24 hour duty
B)Poor training
C)Department politics
D)All the above are sources of stress.

Question 21

When police routinely use excessive force against suspects, it is considered:

A)Mooching
B)Abuse of power
C)Chiseling
D)Grappling

Question 22

Which of the following is not commonly identified as a factor related to police shootings?

A)Firearms availability in the community
B)Administrative policies
C)Social conflict
D)Poverty levels

Question 23

The higher the percentage of black officers on the police force, the higher the arrest rates for crimes such as assault.

Question 24

What is the lowest level of reasonable officer response mapped out in the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center's use-of-force model?

A)Contact controls
B)Verbal commands
C)Compliance techniques
D)Defensive tactics

Question 25

What is the term used to describe those police officers that accept payoffs when their everyday duties place them in a position to be solicited by the public?

A)Grass eaters
B)Meat eaters
C)Passive criminality
D)Selective enforcement or non-enforcement

Question 26

What was the name of the famous commission that investigated corruption in New York City in the 1970s?

A)Warren Commission
B)Knapp Commission
C)Christopher Commission
D)Mollen Commission

Question 27

What U.S. Supreme Court decision set forth the "reasonable officer" standard for police use of deadly force?

A)Williams v. New York
B)Graham v. Connor
C)Sherman v. California
D)Tennessee v. Garner

Question 28

What U.S. Supreme Court case deemed the use of deadly force against an unarmed and non-dangerous fleeing felon an illegal seizure under the Fourth Amendment?

A)Tennessee v. Garner
B)Graham v. Conner
C)Gregg v. Georgia
D)U.S. v. Weeks

Question 29

The watchman style of policing is characterized by officers devoted to the profession of police work and who are most likely to aspire to command rank.

Question 30

The Supreme Court has created a good faith exception to the exclusionary rule which indicates that evidence is admissible in court if the police officers acted in good faith by first obtaining court approval for their search, even if the warrant they received was deficient or faulty.

Question 31

In the landmark case Tennessee v. Garner, the U.S. Supreme court outlawed deadly use of force by police.

Question 32

A search is considered unreasonable when it exceeds the scope of police authority or is highly invasive of personal privacy, even if it reveals incriminating evidence.

Question 33

What is the term used to describe those that aggressively misuse police power for personal gain by demanding bribes, threatening legal action, or cooperating with criminals?

A)Grass eaters
B)Meat eaters
C)Active criminality
D)Selective enforcement or non-enforcement

Question 34

The Mollen Commission is an example of what type of effort to control police corruption?

A)Outside review board or special prosecution
B)Civil litigation
C)Citizen review board
D)Internal review board

Question 35

More than 50 percent of citizens who experience force at the hands of the police report an injury.

Question 36

The Knapp Commission concluded that the vast majority of police officers involved in police corruption are meat eaters.

Question 37

In 1914, in Weeks v. United States, the Court established the exclusionary rule.

Question 38

Administrative policies have little or no impact on level of police shootings.

Question 39

Justification of the use of deadly force via the "fleeing felon" rule can be traced to:

A)English Common Law.
B)the landmark Tennessee v. Garner case.
C)the landmark Graham v. Conner case.
D)the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC) guidelines.

Question 40

Factors such as the living and working environment of the officer often affect their discretion.

Question 41

The Court created a reasonableness standard for the use of force in the case of ____________________.

Question 42

Identify and describe the factors that have been related to police shootings.

Question 43

Using a juvenile assault as an example, compare and contrast the four major styles of police work. Explain how these styles influence police discretion.

Question 44

The ____________________ rule is the oldest deadly use of force standard, dating back to English Common Law times.

Question 45

Compare and contrast the "fleeing felon" and Tennessee v. Garner rules as they relate to police use of deadly force.

Question 46

Discuss the various types of police corruption. What causes such behavior? How can it be controlled?

Question 47

The ____________________ style of policing views the investigation and apprehension of serious crime as the most important aspect of policing.

Question 48

The Supreme Court has used case law to define the boundaries of the Miranda warning since its inception. Discuss recent case law which appears to have narrowed the scope of Miranda.

Question 49

The most controversial issue revolving around the Court's control of police behavior is commonly known as the ____________________.

Question 50

Describe how the role of police is of concern to the public.

Question 51

In his classic 1969 book, African Americans in Blue, Nicholas Alex pointed out that African American officers of the time suffered from what he called ____________________.

Question 52

In the case Tennessee v. Garner, the U.S. Supreme Court deemed the use of deadly force against an unarmed, non-dangerous fleeing felon to be a violation of the ____________________ Amendment.

Question 53

Explain the different factors that commonly influence an officer's use of discretion.

Question 54

In the case of ____________________, the Supreme Court created objective standards for questioning by police after a defendant has been taken into custody.

Question 55

The ____________________ style of policing thinks of officers as troubleshooters who repair the social fabric of society.

Question 56

Racial profiling would be considered an ____________________ decision-making factor.

Question 57

Explain the changes that have occurred in the hiring of minority and female officers. What are some of the problems experienced by these two groups of officers?

Question 58

The ____________________ style of policing is characterized by an emphasis on maintaining public order.

Question 59

Identify and describe the distinct categories of stressors that impact police officers.

Question 60

The most controversial issue revolving around the Court's control of police behavior is what is commonly known as the exclusionary rule. Summarize the basics of this rule and discuss its current status and controversy.