Deck 38: Antibiotics, part 1: Sulfonamides, Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Macrolides, and Tetracyclines

Question 1

During antibiotic therapy,the nurse should monitor the patient closely for signs and symptoms of a hypersensitivity reaction.Which of the following may be an indication of a hypersensitivity reaction? Select all that apply.

A)Wheezing
B)Diarrhea
C)Shortness of breath
D)Swelling of the feet
E)Swelling of the tongue
F)Itching
G)Black,hairy tongue
H)Rash

Answer 1

Wheezing
Shortness of breath
Swelling of the tongue
Itching
Rash

Question 2

A patient is admitted with a fever of 39°C.It is of unknown origin.The assessment reveals bilateral crackles and a productive cough.The physician has ordered sputum and blood cultures and the administration of ampicillin 500 mg intravenous (IV)stat and then every 6 hours.Which is the correct sequence for the nurse to follow to complete these orders?

A)Blood culture,ampicillin dose,sputum culture
B)Sputum culture,ampicillin dose,blood culture
C)Ampicillin dose, blood and sputum cultures
D)Blood and sputum cultures,ampicillin dose

Answer 2

Blood and sputum cultures,ampicillin dose

Question 3

Which class of antibiotics is often used with β-lactamase inhibitors to extend the effectiveness of the drug?

A)Cephalosporins
B)Tetracyclines
C)Sulfonamides
D)Penicillins

Answer 3

Penicillins

Question 4

Which of the following drugs may result in an interaction if taken with penicillin?

A)Antacids
B)acetaminophen (Tylenol)
C)digoxin (Lanoxin)
D)Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Question 5

A patient taking an antibiotic suddenly develops hives.The hives are an example of which of the following reactions?

A)A desired reaction
B)An allergic reaction
C)An idiosyncratic reaction
D)An unpredictable reaction

Question 6

During antibiotic therapy,a significant drug interaction may occur with which of the following drug groups?

A)Anticoagulants
B)Estrogen-containing contraceptives
C)Antihypertensives
D)Antihistamines

Question 7

A patient has received an antibiotic to take for 1 week before planned oral surgery.This treatment is an example of what type of therapy?

A)Empirical therapy
B)Prophylactic therapy
C)Bactericidal therapy
D)Resistance therapy

Question 8

The nurse is monitoring a patient with an infection for therapeutic results to antibiotic therapy.Which of the following laboratory values indicates therapeutic effectiveness of this therapy?

A)Increased red blood cell (RBC)count
B)Increased white blood cell (WBC)count
C)Decreased WBC count
D)Decreased platelet count

Question 9

How are the four generations of cephalosporins differentiated?

A)By varying levels of toxicity
B)By adverse-effect profiles
C)By β-lactam resistance
D)By antimicrobial activity

Question 10

During drug therapy for pneumonia,a female patient develops a superinfection.She asks the nurse how this could have happened.Which of the following statements is the nurse's best explanation to the patient?

A)Large doses of antibiotics kill normal flora.
B)The infection has spread from her lungs to the new site of infection.
C)The pneumonia-causing bacteria are resistant to the drugs.
D)She is having an allergic reaction to the antibiotics.

Question 11

A patient has been prescribed a tetracycline.What important information should the nurse tell the patient about taking this medication?

A)Acidic foods,such as citrus fruit juices,help to enhance absorption.
B)Milk and cheese products result in decreased levels of tetracycline.
C)Antacids taken with the medication help to reduce gastrointestinal distress.
D)The medication should be taken with high-fibre foods to prevent constipation.

Question 12

Patients who are allergic to penicillin may also be hypersensitive to which of the following drugs?

A)Tetracyclines
B)Sulfonamides
C)Cephalosporins
D)Imipenem-cilastatin