Question 1

A patient has been taking the corticosteroid dexamethasone (AK Dex)but has developed bacterial conjunctivitis.He is given a prescription for gentamicin (Alcomicin)ointment.What interaction is possible if the two drugs are used concurrently?

A)The infection may become systemic.
B)The gentamicin effects may become more potent.
C)The corticosteroid may cause overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms.
D)Immunosuppression may make elimination of the eye infection more difficult.

Accepted Answer

Concurrent use of corticosteroids such as dexamethasone and ophthalmic antibiotics may cause immunosuppression,which may make elimination of the eye infection more difficult.

Question 2

A patient with an eye injury requires an ocular examination to detect the presence of a foreign body.Which of the following drugs is used for this examination?&#10;A)dapiprazole&#10;B)fluorescein sodium (AK-Fluor)&#10;C)atropine sulfate&#10;D)cromolyn sodium

Accepted Answer

Fluorescein sodium is an ophthalmic diagnostic dye used to identify corneal defects and to locate foreign objects in the eye.

Question 3

Although dipivefrin (Propine)has localized effects in the eye,it mimics the effects of the sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitters and can cause systemic effects.Which of the following systemic effects can occur?

A)Dizziness and syncope
B)Bradycardia or heart block
C)Dry mouth and constipation
D)Increased heart rate or blood pressure

Accepted Answer

Dipivefrin can cause increased cardiovascular effects,mimicking the sympathetic nervous system and resulting in increased heart rate or blood pressure.

Question 4

Which of the following conditions are indications for the direct- and indirect-acting miotics?&#10;A)Ocular infections&#10;B)Blurred vision&#10;C)Open-angle glaucoma&#10;D)Cataracts

Accepted Answer

Indications for the direct- and indirect-acting miotics include open-angle glaucoma,convergent strabismus,and ocular surgery.

Question 5

In preparation for ocular surgery,which drug is used for local anaesthesia?&#10;A)Glycerin&#10;B)tetracaine (Minims)&#10;C)Acetazolamide&#10;D)apraclonidine 1% (Iopidine)

Accepted Answer

Tetracaine is used as a local anaesthetic for ocular surgery or other procedures.

Question 6

A patient has developed toxic effects after prolonged high doses of topically applied miotic drugs.Which of the following drugs does the nurse expect will be used as an antidote?&#10;A)Atropine&#10;B)epinephrine (Epinrin)&#10;C)acetylcholine (Miochol E)&#10;D)Diphenhydramine

Accepted Answer

Atropine is used to treat toxicity (excessive parasympathetic nervous system effects)produced by topically applied miotic drugs.

Question 7

A patient has been prescribed timolol (Betimol)eye drops.What important information should the nurse tell the patient about the proper application of these eye drops?&#10;A)Apply the drops into the conjunctival sac instead of directly onto the eye.&#10;B)Apply the drops directly to the cornea for the best effectiveness.&#10;C)Blot the eye with a tissue immediately after application of the drops.&#10;D)Gently touch the tip of the dropper to the eye surface before administering the drop.

Accepted Answer

All ophthalmic agents should be administered into the conjunctival sac.
Avoid touching the eye with the tip of the dropper to prevent contamination of the product.Only remove excess eye medication with a tissue.

Question 8

The nurse is administering ophthalmic drops.Identify the correct administration steps and place them in the correct order.Not all steps will be used.&#10;A)Close the eye gently.&#10;B)Close the eye tightly.&#10;C)Apply gentle pressure to the inner canthus/lacrimal sac for one minute.&#10;D)Place drop into conjunctival sac.&#10;E)Place drops onto the cornea.&#10;F)Clean debris from the eye as needed.&#10;G)Have the patient tilt the head back and look up at the ceiling.&#10;H)Remove excess medication gently from around the eyes.

Accepted Answer

The correct order of administration steps is: close the eye gently;apply gentle pressure to the inner canthus/lacrimal sac for one minute;place drop into conjunctival sac;clean debris from the eye as needed;have the patient tilt the head back and look up at the ceiling;and remove excess medication gently from around the eyes.
The eyes should not be closed tightly because the medication may spill out of the eyes.Drops are not placed onto the cornea;they should be placed into the conjunctival sac.

Question 9

Which of the following drugs is used to reduce intraocular pressure?&#10;A)cromolyn (Opticrom)&#10;B)Polypeptides&#10;C)Osmotic diuretics&#10;D)Hyperosmolar sodium chloride

Accepted Answer

Drugs used to reduce intraocular pressure include osmotic diuretics.

Deck 58: Ophthalmic Drugs