Question 1

Ryan is a college football player,and notices that most of what it means to "be a guy" on the football team is to be explicitly heterosexual and to speak disparagingly about women.Ryan doesn't speak disparagingly about women,and though he is heterosexual himself,he has a number of very close friends and even a few male house-mates who are homosexual or bisexual.He wants to stay on the football team,but observes that his most meaningful relationships are often built outside of the strict gender norms of the highly-normative masculinity of the football field.Which of the following concepts could help Ryan and his teammates?

A)Gender accountability
B)Hegemonic masculinity
C)Inclusive masculinity
D)White-collar masculinity

C

Accepted Answer

Inclusive masculinity is a concept that allows men to be themselves without feeling the pressure to conform to strict gender norms. It allows for more diversity in masculinity and encourages men to develop strong relationships regardless of sexual orientation or other factors. This could help Ryan and his teammates to build meaningful relationships outside of the strictly heterosexual and disparaging culture of traditional masculinity on the football field. Gender accountability is about taking responsibility for one's actions and attitudes towards gender, but it might be less helpful in this specific scenario. Hegemonic masculinity is the dominant form of masculinity that reinforces traditional gender roles and might contribute to the toxic culture Ryan is experiencing. White-collar masculinity is a term that refers to the specific masculinity associated with professional and managerial careers, which might not be relevant in this context.

Question 2

Which of the following best describe &#34;a token&#34;?&#10;A)A token has a high organizational profile.&#10;B)A token is perceived as contrasting significantly with the dominant culture.&#10;C)A token is not permitted to function as an individual.&#10;D)All of the above.

Accepted Answer

A token is often highlighted due to their distinctiveness from the dominant group, is not allowed to act as an individual, and is given a high profile within the organization.

Question 3

June,her grandmother,and her mother all consider themselves feminists,but they get into heated conversations about the kinds of work that they,as feminists,should do.For instance,June's grandmother still lobbies her church and local organizations in order to make sure that women can be ordained and are getting hired as often and men.June's mother runs a women-only health and maternal care clinic for survivors of intimate partner violence and teaches classes at the civic center in town to men and women about "respecting the maternal." June is an organizational consultant who helps organizational members of all gender identifications to understand the ways in which their organizational experiences are gendered and connected to power.We might best describe June as a:

A)Liberal feminist
B)Academic feminist
C)Radical feminist
D)Critical feminist 3

D

Accepted Answer

June's work as an organizational consultant focuses on understanding the ways in which organizational experiences are gendered and connected to power. This aligns with the principles of critical feminism, which sees gender inequality as interconnected and rooted in broader systems of oppression, such as racism and capitalism. Critical feminism also emphasizes the importance of addressing power dynamics and promoting social justice through collective action, which is reflected in June's work as an organizational consultant.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the bigger reasons why a woman (in the United States)might choose not to participate in her company's parental-leave program?&#10;A)She probably cares more about her job than her baby.&#10;B)If she has a male partner,his company likely offers a better-paid paternity leave.&#10;C)Her colleagues and superiors will likely consider her less serious about her career if she chooses to take the leave.&#10;D)The cultures of most organizations are very supportive and familial,so she likely can integrate her baby into organizational life without taking a leave.

Accepted Answer

Women might fear that taking parental leave could negatively impact their career progression or how they are perceived in the workplace.

Question 5

The White House Project is an organization that is concerned with getting women involved in politics.Ultimately,the project strives to increase the numbers of women leaders in government,from mayors of small towns all the way to the White House.Because the project is primarily concerned with increasing female representation in the political process,we could best categorize the project as having which kind of feminist orientation?

A)Liberal Feminist
B)Radical Feminist
C)Second-wave Feminist
D)Critical Feminist

Accepted Answer

The White House Project's focus on increasing the number of women leaders in politics suggests a belief in the idea of equal opportunities and access for women, which is a key belief of liberal feminism. Liberal feminists strive to eliminate gender-based discrimination and create equal opportunities for both men and women in all areas of society, including politics.

Question 6

Robin is furious with her brother Zan,who recently told her twelve-year old son (his nephew)that in order to "be a man," he needed to be more aggressive,get stronger,rely less on others,be more independent,and "talk about girls" with his guy friends.Robin has been very careful to create space for her son to grow into the kind of man he needs to be,but Zan's ideas about masculinity can best be described as:

A)Antifeminism
B)Hegemonic masculinity
C)Homosocial reproduction
D)White-collar masculinity

Accepted Answer

Zan's ideas about masculinity align with the concept of hegemonic masculinity, which suggests that there is a dominant form of masculinity that men are expected to conform to. This includes being aggressive, independent, and emphasizing traditional masculine traits such as physical strength and sexual prowess. Robin's concern is that her son might feel pressured to conform to this idea of masculinity, which could limit his potential for personal growth and development.

Question 7

Costen is an elementary school teacher.He,the principal,and the custodian are the only men who work in the building.Costen is good with his students,but he is neither the strongest teacher nor the strongest leader in the building.He often receives awards,however,and is earmarked to become the new assistant principal when he finishes up his Master's degree.Which of the following provides a critical feminist read of this situation?

A)Men in female-dominated professions are often promoted quickly because they bring valuable insights otherwise missing from so-called "pink collar" work.
B)Men in female-dominated professions are more competitive than their female colleagues and therefore are promoted more quickly.
C)Men in female-dominated professions experience a pressure toward upward mobility that sees them promoted more quickly than women.
D)Men in female-dominated professions are have more time to dedicate to professional development activities and are therefore quickly promoted.

Accepted Answer

This situation highlights the gendered pressure and expectations for men in female-dominated professions to climb the ladder quickly, which is often not the case for their female colleagues. While it is not explicitly stated that women are being held back, the fact that there are only three men in the building suggests that the school is primarily staffed by women, which reinforces gender norms about women's work. Choice A is incorrect because it suggests that men bring valuable insights that are otherwise missing from female-dominated professions, which reinforces gendered stereotypes about women's abilities. Choice B is incorrect because it suggests that men are more competitive than women, which is again a gendered stereotype that reinforces the idea that women are not as interested in leadership positions. Choice D may be true in some cases, but there is no evidence in this scenario to suggest that Costen has more time for professional development activities than his female colleagues.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a critique of liberal feminism?&#10;A)Liberal feminism too often accounts for the ways in which women must adapt to male cultures of organizations.&#10;B)Liberal feminism too often treats gender as an unproblematic organizational variable.&#10;C)Liberal feminism tends to focus on &#34;women in management,&#34; ignoring the material realities of women in lower-level positions.&#10;D)Liberal feminism tends to focus on &#34;professional&#34; work and positions rather than blue-collar work.

Accepted Answer

Option A is not a critique of liberal feminism as it acknowledges the ways in which women have to adapt to patriarchal structures within organizations. The other options (B, C, and D) are critiques of liberal feminism.

Question 9

Twice in the same day,Carlos used the wrong pronoun when asking questions.The first time,his friend Eric said that he was going to see the doctor,whom he finds quite competent."Where is his office?" asked Carlos.Eric replied,"Her office is in the hospital annex." The second time,his niece Maya said that she liked her kindergarten teacher very much."What's her name?" asked Carlos.Maya replied,"His name is Mr.Ngo." Both times,Carlos was embarrassed at his error.From a critical feminist point of view,which is the most likely explanation for Carlos' mistakes?

A)Doctors are most often men and kindergarten teachers are most often women,so Carlos naturally assumed that he was using the right pronouns.
B)Many types of work still have gender associations;Carlos used the pronouns most associated with the gender-identification of doctors and kindergarten teachers.
C)Most men who go into kindergarten teaching ride the glass escalator to administrative positions very quickly,so Carlos assumed that a man wouldn't be teaching his niece's class so late in the school year.
D)Women's nurturing natures make them good kindergarten teachers,while men's inherent rationality make them good doctors,so Carlos assumed that the praise was related to these people's natural ability to do their jobs well.

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Accepted Answer

Carlos' mistakes can be attributed to the association of gender with certain professions. This is a common phenomenon in society where certain jobs are stereotypically associated with certain genders. Carlos used the pronouns most commonly associated with the gender identification of doctors and kindergarten teachers, leading to his mistakes.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes how gender roles come to be?&#10;A)They are decided upon individually.&#10;B)They come naturally to us because they're decided by biological sex.&#10;C)They are produced through interactions with others.&#10;D)They are prescribed by our parents,teachers,and jobs.

Accepted Answer

Gender roles are largely produced through social interactions with others. Society creates expectations and norms around how men and women should behave, dress, and interact with others. These expectations can be reinforced through media, institutions, and the behavior of individuals around us. While biology does play a role in determining sex differences, gender roles are largely socially constructed.

Question 11

&#34;The personal is political&#34; is a second-wave rallying cry that:&#10;A)Reminds women and men that &#34;personal&#34; issues like domestic violence,women's health care,and reproductive rights have little to do with bigger societal issues.&#10;B)Stresses the idea that &#34;private&#34; issues like domestic violence,women's health care,and reproductive rights have far-reaching implications on women's societal roles.&#10;C)Justifies patriarchal impulses and structures that curtail or prevent women's participation in public and work-life,limiting women to the private spheres of the home.&#10;D)All of the above.

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#34;The personal is political&#34; is a second-wave...

Question 12

Masculinity is worth of our consideration as organizational scholars because:&#10;A)It is usually taken for granted in wider culture.&#10;B)It has significant implications on how we view men,women,and their relationships.&#10;C)It is a socially constructed phenomenon (like feminity).&#10;D)All of the above.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Masculinity is worth of our consideration as...

Question 13

Which of the following best describes feminism?&#10;A)An approach to understanding,explaining,and critiquing the relationship between gender and power.&#10;B)A unified approach to studying human behavior,which values women over men.&#10;C)An extremist political approach of female activists.&#10;D)All of the above.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following best describes feminism?&#10;A)An...

Question 14

Though radical feminism's separatism can certainly help survivors of rape,domestic abuse,or intimate partner violence,many separatist organizations struggle and/or ultimately disintegrate.Based on your knowledge of organizational communication and Mumby's description of separatist organizations,how might you best explain this phenomenon?

A)From an organizational culture perspective,separatist organizations probably have root metaphor conflict issues because they are separate from the rest of society.
B)From an organizational culture perspective,separatist organizations probably do not have enough shared symbols and to develop a strong and cohesive culture.
C)From a systems perspective,separatist organizations become too "closed" and cannot adequately adapt and build interdependent with other organizations.
D)From a systems perspective,separatist organizations suffer entropy because the concept of multifinality means that there are many non-separatist ways of fulfilling the same goals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Though radical feminism's separatism can certainly help...

Question 15

Jacque has always been labeled a &#34;dynamo.&#34; Whip-smart,a gifted leader,and a cunning businessperson,her mentors long assumed that she would soar to the top roles in the consulting firm where she worked.One of just a few women in male-dominated organizations (in a male-dominated field),Jacque has now spent ten years in mid-management in three different companies.Despite impeccable reviews and consistently high reviews from the organization's clients,she never seems to get a promotion.What term could best describe Jacque's predicament?&#10;A)Glass elevator&#10;B)Glass ceiling&#10;C)Glass house&#10;D)Glass escalator

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jacque has always been labeled a &#34;dynamo.&#34;...

Question 16

Which of the following features best characterizes a radical feminist collective organization?&#10;A)Authority resides in the whole,not in the individuals who occupy certain offices.&#10;B)Social control is based in mutually shared values,not in the impersonal use of impersonal rules and sanctions.&#10;C)Individual incentives focus on furthering the organization's values and political goals,not securing economic rewards.&#10;D)All of the above.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following features best characterizes...

Question 17

Aila Brown has a PhD in organizational communication and is a professor,yet generally insists that her students address her by first name.Aila is an excellent writer,a well-respected scholar in her (and other)fields,and a superb lecturer frequently sought after to give guest lectures.Contrary to the typical model of an "independent scholar" working alone,however,Alia frequently co-teaches and co-authors with other female scholars.She is deeply invested in mentoring younger women,and all of her work is characterized by a profound ethic of care that emphasizes sensitivity,connectedness,and nurturance.She describes herself as a feminist committed to re-making the academy with a different set of values and operating principles.Based on the different "strands" of feminism of which you've learned,which feminist project rings truest to this description of Aila's work?

A)Liberal feminism
B)Radical feminism
C)Critical feminism
D)Political feminism

Accepted Answer

The answer of Aila Brown has a PhD in organizational...

Question 18

When Mae was growing up,her dad taught her to play golf and how to fix houses and cars.He was an executive in a manufacturing company,and often chatted about business with her as he took her to school in the mornings.As she progressed in her career,she found that playing golf,knowing how to talk about construction and cars,and having an extensive background with phrases like "Kaizen" and "one-piece flow" opened up more opportunities for her than her prestigious Master's degree and frequently demonstrated leadership abilities.This is an example of:

A)Tokenism
B)Homosocial reproduction
C)Antifeminism
D)The glass ceiling

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Mae was growing up,her dad taught...

Question 19

Which of the following best describes critical feminism's approach to gender?&#10;A)Critical feminism views gender as a socially constructed phenomenon that is subject to change.&#10;B)Critical feminism views gender as an integral and constitutive feature of organizational life.&#10;C)Critical feminism views gender as an &#34;activity&#34; that organizational members do on a daily basis.&#10;D)All of the above.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following best describes critical...

Question 20

Cristobel is a Black woman born to Kenyan-born immigrants.After finishing seminary from a prestigious divinity school,she works at a predominately white church with a predominately male staff.Though her denomination frequently asks staff and local speakers to preach on Sundays,in the two years that Cristobel worked at the church,she was only asked to preach on the Sundays adjacent to the Martin Luther King Jr.holiday in January and a Sunday designated "World Culture Sunday." Of the following concepts,which could best connect to Cristobel's experience?

A)Hegemonic masculinity
B)Tokenism
C)Sexism
D)Antifeminism

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cristobel is a Black woman born to...

Question 21

Feminism includes the perspectives of _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Feminism includes the perspectives of _______________....

Question 22

_____________________reproduction is a phrase used to describe the ways in which men tend to hire people who look,speak,and think like them.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____________________reproduction is a phrase used to describe...

Question 23

The idea that certain jobs are &#34;feminine&#34; and others are &#34;masculine&#34; indicates that jobs are _______________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The idea that certain jobs are &#34;feminine&#34;...

Question 24

&#34;Gender accountability&#34; the term used to describe the process when male managers make sure that their female employees are adequately performing the jobs for which they were hired.

Accepted Answer

The answer of &#34;Gender accountability&#34; the term used to describe...

Question 25

The rise of the terms &#34;sissy&#34; and &#34;stuffed shirt&#34; arose around the end of the 19th century to describe the pomp and posture with which men used to carry themselves.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The rise of the terms &#34;sissy&#34; and...

Question 26

___________________ feminism is &#34;woman centered.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of ___________________ feminism is &#34;woman centered.&#34;...

Question 27

Feminism is a single,unified,collective movement.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Feminism is a single,unified,collective movement....

Question 28

The project of radical feminism has been realized in our postmodern society.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The project of radical feminism has been...

Question 29

Radical feminism was,in many ways,a ____________________ project,seeking to make the world better.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Radical feminism was,in many ways,a ____________________ project,seeking...

Question 30

There are many kinds of masculinity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There are many kinds of masculinity....

Question 31

Social,economic,and labor upheaval around the end of the 19th century caused a broad-scale middle-class redefinition of what it meant to &#34;be a man.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Social,economic,and labor upheaval around the end of...

Question 32

Radical feminism adopts &#34;_____________________&#34; views of men and women,uncritically associating men with &#34;typical masculinity&#34; and women with &#34;typical femininity.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Radical feminism adopts &#34;_____________________&#34; views of men...

Question 33

Femininity is socially constructed;masculinity is natural.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Femininity is socially constructed;masculinity is natural....

Question 34

___________________ feminism seeks to increase the numbers of women in traditional organizations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ___________________ feminism seeks to increase the numbers...

Question 35

Masculinity is always rooted in homophobia and antifeminism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Masculinity is always rooted in homophobia and...

Question 36

Liberal feminists take an &#34;_______________&#34; approach to organizational communication.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Liberal feminists take an &#34;_______________&#34; approach to...

Question 37

In order for a feminist organization to truly advocate for women for the long-term,the organization must adapt to changes in the environment and interact with other organizations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In order for a feminist organization to...

Question 38

Feminist approaches to the study of organizations have encouraged scholars to examine the ways in which gender is a _____________________ feature of the organizing process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Feminist approaches to the study of organizations...

Question 39

The only reason that a woman might choose not to participate in a company sponsored parental-leave program is because she is making the choice to value her career more than her family.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The only reason that a woman might...

Question 40

The relationship between gender and _______________ shapes everyday work and professional contexts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The relationship between gender and _______________ shapes...

Deck 9: Communicating Gender at Work