Deck 4: The Human Relations School

Question 1

As a pragmatist,Mary Parker Follett was most interested in which component of communication?

A)Environment in which communication takes place
B)Process of relating
C)Receiver
D)Sender

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Many companies hold a company picnic or "fun day" for employees and their families to thank their employees and to offer a social environment for families to interact.This practice is most closely related to which of the following theories of effective management?

A)Scientific management
B)Bureaucratic theory
C)Human relations theory
D)Family support theory

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Mary Parker Follett argued that in exercising power or giving orders,one's authority arises out of the needs of the situation.She called this concept:

A)Situational power
B)Power of need
C)Law of the situation
D)Law of needs

Answer 3

C

Question 4

At the College Café,managers make decisions without employee input and motivate employees to abide by these decisions and resultant rules by threatening to fire them if they don't.Rensis Likert would classify this organization as:

A)Consultative
B)Exploitive-authoritative
C)Participative
D)Benevolent-authoritative

Question 5

The principal architect of the human relations movement was:

A)Rensis Likert
B)Elton Mayo
C)Mary Parker Follett
D)Douglas McGregor

Question 6

Explanations about the disappearance of Mary Parker Follett from early management theory include the fact(s)that:

A)She was a woman
B)Her writings were too rich and complex
C)She was a strong believer in grassroots participation
D)All of the above

Question 7

Which of the following assumes that organizations are at their best when they create cooperative,conflict-free worker-manager relations?

A)Human Relations Theory
B)Follett's Bridge Theory
C)Human Resource Management
D)None of the above

Question 8

The group who believed that administrative elites should take the lead in industrial development because the masses could not be trusted to make objective decisions were called:

A)Industrial democrats
B)Realist democrats
C)Industrial republicans
D)Realist republicans

Question 9

It has been argued that the ideology of the researchers associated with the Hawthorne studies is reflected in the interpretation of the data.This ideology includes the idea(s)that:

A)There is a legitimate role for conflict in the workplace
B)The average worker is able to understand the nature of working conditions objectively
C)Gender dynamics are a negligible factor in workplace attitudes
D)All of the above

Question 10

The mantra for the human relations movement was:

A)"A fair day's wage for a fair day's work"
B)"Empowered employees are eager employees"
C)"A happy worker is a productive worker"
D)"One best way"

Question 11

Corporate social responsibility (CSR)programs focus on positive social and environmental impacts of the company.They function,at least in part,as an attempt to encourage the employees that their work is meaningful,and thus tap into their higher-order needs.This function of CSR is most closely associated with:

A)Environmental economics
B)Human resource management
C)Human relations theory
D)Workplace democracy

Question 12

In a particular college class,the instructor communicates to the students what is expected of them in order to receive good grades (which can be conceived of as either rewards or threats).Although it is a small class,and he is open to comments and questions from the students,he is ultimately responsible for setting class goals and expects his students to follow his directions.If we consider this class an organization,Rensis Likert would classify the leadership as:

A)Consultative
B)Exploitive-authoritative
C)Participative
D)Benevolent-authoritative

Question 13

The head coach of the football team threatens and coerces his players in order to bring out their best.He assumes that the players will avoid work and responsibility unless he forces them to do otherwise.His assumptions are based on which philosophy of management control?

A)Theory A
B)Theory X
C)Theory Y
D)Theory Z

Question 14

The purpose of the interview program associated with the Hawthorne studies was:

A)To allow workers to let off steam
B)To collect information from workers in order for management to address their concerns
C)To study the differences between the attitudes of different workers
D)To determine the relationship between worker pay and worker satisfaction

Question 15

The Hawthorne Studies were a catalyst for studies in all of the following areas,except:

A)Gender inequality
B)Leadership
C)Organizations as systems
D)Small-group relations

Question 16

In today's world,there continue to be differing views on the purpose of business in society.Of the following views,which is most like Mary Parker Follett's belief about organizations?

A)A business organization should exist to make a profit for the shareholders
B)A business organization should exist to bring together resources in order to address social and environmental challenges
C)A business organization should exist to enable people to reach their potential as citizens and community members
D)None of the above

Question 17

All of the following were factors that played a role in the development of the human relations school,except:

A)Decreasing gap between rich and poor
B)The increase of public consciousness about unsafe working conditions
C)The increasing power of unions
D)Widespread interest in alternative political systems such as socialism and communism

Question 18

One of the earliest examples of qualitative,naturalistic research in the workplace was:

A)The Bank Wiring Observation Room Study
B)The Illumination Studies
C)The Interview Program
D)The Relay Assembly Test Room Studies

Question 19

Elton Mayo proposed that the solution to industrial and societal ills was to be found in the application of psychological principles to the transformation of whose attitudes?

A)Owners
B)Managers
C)Workers
D)All of the above

Question 20

Elton Mayo argued that the experience of the average industrial worker ran parallel to the experience of:

A)Housewives
B)Schoolchildren
C)Posttraumatic stress victims
D)Recent immigrants

Question 21

The group of early 20th century social thinkers who believed that organizations could be a force for good and positive change if they were made more democratic was called the _____________________.

Question 22

Mary Parker Follett viewed conflict as a symptom of industrial sickness and worker maladjustment.

Question 23

According to Douglas McGregor,the responsibility for ineffective organizational performance lies with the workers who do not place the organization's needs above their own.

Question 24

One of the most progressive aspects of Human Resources Management is that,unlike earlier theories of management,this approach took different organizational contexts (such as differences in size,goals,environment,and so forth)into account.

Question 25

Different forms of work lend themselves more or less easily to participative models of organizing.

Question 26

The human relations movement provided for little or no change in the nature of work itself.

Question 27

The phenomenon in which workers respond to the personal attention paid to them by supervisors is known as the _____________________.

Question 28

Human Resource Management represents an attempt to tap into higher-order needs (such as love/belonging,esteem,and self-actualization)and make work relevant to the achievement of human potential.

Question 29

In resolving conflict through ________________,the goal is to find a resolution in which each party's desires are satisfied and no one has to sacrifice anything.

Question 30

________________________ developed a model of work motivation,identifying two competing philosophies of management control which he termed Theory X and Theory Y.

Question 31

According to Elton Mayo,if allowed to do so workers would naturally create an organic community in which spontaneous cooperation increases productivity.

Question 32

_____________________ is the term used for the traditional philosophy of management control that assumes that the average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if he can.

Question 33

There is little evidence to suggest any strong causal connections among social factors,worker satisfaction/morale,and productivity.

Question 34

The first of the Hawthorne Studies,the _________________ studies,called scientific management into question because of its unexpected results.

Question 35

The Hawthorne studies demonstrated that informal communication was largely detrimental to the functioning of organizations.

Question 36

Rensis Likert developed the ___________________ to classify leadership styles that reflect the degree of employee participation in organizational decision making.

Question 37

The idea of ______________________ refers to Mary Parker Follett's dynamic conception of communication that conceives of it as a system of relating,in which the very act of communicating changes everyone involved.

Question 38

One critique of the Hawthorne studies is that there were multiple variables that were not accounted for,and thus the conclusions that were drawn from the studies are suspect.

Question 39

For Mary Parker Follett,there are two forms of power: "power-over" and _________________.

Question 40

The style that Rensis Likert identifies as _______________________ is one in which motivation occurs through rewards and decision making is distributed throughout the organization.