Deck 4: Cities, peoples, cultures, 1890-1920

Question 1

A major problem with waterworks in the large cities was

A)location of pipes.
B)water contamination.
C)quality of the pipes.
D)reluctance of people to use the supply.
E)all of these choices

Answer 1

water contamination.

Question 2

For the most part,native-born Americans viewed the "new immigrants" as

A)culturally sophisticated and racially fit.
B)politically mature.
C)groups who would enrich America's multicultural society.
D)capable of assimilating to American traditions.
E)racially inferior and culturally impoverished.

Answer 2

racially inferior and culturally impoverished.

Question 3

Within the first decade of the 20th century,the majority of workers in American cities were

A)highly skilled and well paid.
B)women.
C)immigrants.
D)highly skilled and poorly paid.
E)migrants from America's farms.

Answer 3

immigrants.

Question 4

America's first illegal aliens were

A)Mexicans.
B)Puerto Ricans.
C)Italians.
D)Chinese and Japanese.
E)Canadians.

Question 5

Robert Hunter estimated in 1904 that ____ percent of the Northern industrial population lived in poverty.

A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20
E)25

Question 6

In the first two decades of the twentieth century,women's quest for equality with men​

A)focused only on sexual freedom.
B)concentrated on education as the key to women's independence.
C)first used the term feminism to define their objectives and movement.
D)regarded workplace inequality the number one objective.
E)All of these choices.

Question 7

Most European immigrants who arrived between 1880 and 1914 came from

A)northern and western Europe.
B)eastern and southern Europe.
C)Africa.
D)Asia.
E)Mexico.

Question 8

In African American communities one would find which of the following?

A)funeral homes.
B)newspapers.
C)grocery stores.
D)doctor's offices.
E)all of these choices

Question 9

The largest number of migrants from 1860 to 1900 came from

A)England
B)Ireland
C)Germany
D)Italy
E)Scandinavia

Question 10

Efforts to improve the lives of city dwellers included all of the following except.

A)​transportation improvements.​
B)advancements in water systems.​
C)​construction of nickelodeons and amusement parks.​
D)​building of libraries and museums.​
E)​creation of urban public parks.​

Question 11

Most of those who worked and died at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company were

A)young males.
B)young immigrant females.
C)older men.
D)children.
E)middle age "old immigrant" women.

Question 12

The primary motivation for late-nineteenth-century immigration was

A)religious persecution.
B)political persecution.
C)economic hardship.
D)forced migration.
E)hardship caused by war.

Question 13

The quintessential force in late-nineteenth-century city government was

A)city hall.
B)the political machine.
C)the political party.
D)the mayor.
E)the wealthy private citizen.

Question 14

The skyscraper

A)was a new kind of building.
B)was made possible by the use of steel.
C)needed electric-powered elevators.
D)were impelled upward by rising real estate values.
E)all of these choices

Question 15

The skyscrapers celebrated which of the following?

A)God
B)man
C)religion
D)faith
E)all of these choices

Question 16

All of the following are true of Chicago except

A)it was the fastest growing city in the U.S.
B)it was one of the hardest to control.
C)the gap between the rich and the poor was large.
D)it suffered from major disasters.
E)it had no architects to adequately address major urban problems.

Question 17

From 1899 to 1910,why were three-quarters of all new immigrants men?​

A)Because most groups considered their time in America as a temporary way to make money.
B)Because the men came first to establish themselves and a home before sending for wives and children.
C)Because women were reluctant to leave their homelands.
D)Because resources were scarce and families could only afford to send one person.
E)All of these choices.

Question 18

One of the new elements to the dime novels were

A)working class women.
B)romance.
C)fantasies.
D)experience of immigration.
E)domestic women.

Question 19

Most African Americans were

A)landowners.
B)businessmen.
C)sharecroppers and tenant farmers.
D)railroad contractors.
E)none of these choices

Question 20

The living conditions for most of the working class can best be described as

A)pleasant.
B)squalid.
C)spacious.
D)sanitary.
E)healthy.

Question 21

The writer who called for the release of women from domestic chores through collectivized housework was​

A)Margaret Sanger.
B)Alice Paul.
C)Charlotte Perkins Gilman.
D)Crystal Eastman.
E)Emma Goldman.

Question 22

Which of the following is true about labor in the early twentieth century?

A)French-Canadian immigrants and their children held one of every two jobs in New England's cotton textile industry.
B)Mexican and Filipino women and children formed a large part of the labor force in California's agricultural industry.
C)First- and second-generation immigrants constituted more than 96 percent of the labor force that built and maintained the nation's railroads.
D)Of 750,000 Slovaks arriving in America before 1913,at least 600,000 went to work in the coal mines and steel mills of Pennsylvania.
E)all of these choices.

Question 23

Which of the following is true about the 1893 Columbian Exhibition?

A)It was held in Philadelphia.
B)"White City" was by far the most popular part of the fair.
C)It was a commercial flop.
D)It deliberately rejected displaying achievements by black Americans.
E)all of these choices

Question 24

Coney Island offered commercial amusements in a setting in which social mores were decidedly loosened.

Question 25

The nation's first subways were constructed in

A)New York City.
B)Boston.
C)Philadelphia.
D)Chicago.
E)Trenton.

Question 26

All of the following were characteristics of urban life in the late nineteenth century except

A)city governments provided clean water largely for the middle and upper classes.
B)most working class city dwellers lived in overcrowded,unsanitary,disease-ridden tenements.
C)ethnic minorities maintained their communal identity by establishing churches and fraternal societies.
D)social classes and ethnic groups mixed freely in city housing areas.
E)many working class families lacked running water.

Question 27

Museums in the Gild Age worked the hardest to attract the attention of the

A)well-to-do.
B)intellectual community.
C)widest possible audience.
D)female club members.
E)working class.

Question 28

Cosmopolitanism refers to​

A)​the belief that cities had far more to offer than rural areas.
B)​the celebration of variety and diversity in urban areas.
C)​the movement of architectural innovation and improvement in American cities.
D)​the belief that  immigration created a "melting pot" in cities.
E)​None of these choices.

Question 29

In the early twentieth century,the American middle class

A)did not include any significant numbers from ethnic groups.
B)included an increasing number of immigrant business  owners.
C)slowed assimilation of ethnic groups.
D)was primarily urban in nature.
E)came to be dominated by ethnic groups.

Question 30

Most Japanese and Chinese immigrants came to America

A)to escape political oppression.
B)to practice their religion freely.
C)because of economic deprivation.
D)because Americans welcomed them and treated them well.
E)because of the bloody war between Japan and China.

Question 31

The idea of American's nationality being cosmopolitan was first discussed by which of the following?

A)Israel Zangwill
B)Horace Kallen
C)Margaret Sanger.
D)Theodore Roosevelt.
E)Randolph Bourne

Question 32

​The Triangle Shirtwaist fire was characterized by

A)​the large number of young boys who perished that day.
B)​the ability of the fire department to rescue many of the workers.
C)​the employers locking the entrances which hindered workers' escape.
D)​failed safety measures implemented weeks earlier.​
E)​All of these choices.​

Question 33

Employers tended to use black strikebreakers because they were sympathetic to their economic plight.

Question 34

Which of the following is a true statement about American industrial workplace conditions?​

A)Employers worked hard to keep workplaces safe.
B)As many as one quarter of immigrant steelworkers were killed or injured on the job.
C)New laws protected workers from being compelled to work excessive hours.​
D)Children were a rare sight at workplaces.​
E)All of these choices.​

Question 35

The political boss of Boston was

A)"King Richard" Croker.
B)Abe Ruef.
C)James Michael Curley.
D)Tom Pendergast.
E)James Duke.

Question 36

Many immigrants between 1900 and 1914 returned to the land of their birth.

Question 37

Chinese and Japanese immigrants

A)settled primarily in the South.
B)worked primarily in the automobile industry.
C)made up the majority of the urban workforce.
D)were generally more prosperous than European immigrants.
E)were ineligible for citizenship.

Question 38

Most of the "new immigrants"

A)intended to establish permanent homes and to become U.S.citizens.
B)moved to the South to take advantage of industrial development there.
C)immediately joined labor unions.
D)hoped to work and save money in the United States and then to return to their homelands.
E)bought farms.

Question 39

Margaret Sanger crusaded for

A)birth control.
B)free love.
C)automation for of housekeeping chores.
D)women's suffrage.
E)all of these choices

Question 40

American vaudeville

A)grew out of antebellum minstrelsy.
B)would be best described as song shows.
C)had largely died out by 1900.
D)initially catered to the wealthy,leisure class.
E)never appealed to the respectable middle class.

Question 41

Most mass immigration to the United States after 1880 was propelled by economic hardship.

Question 42

The structure of the Columbia Exposition reinforced a racial hierarchy.

Question 43

Most of the "new" immigrants were women and children.

Question 44

Skyscrapers in the late nineteenth century were reaching to the sky but smaller and shorter than European cathedrals.

Question 45

The least successful fair in American history was the Columbia Exposition.

Question 46

Al Capone was known as "the J.P.Morgan of the underworld."

Question 47

By the early twentieth century,northern industrialists preferred to hire southern blacks over the "new immigrants."

Question 48

Between 1880 and 1920 the number of immigrants coming to the United States declined significantly.

Question 49

Most working families required two to three wage-earners in order to make ends meet.

Question 50

Few Americans attended the Columbia Exposition.

Question 51

The black middle class tended to be smaller and more precarious than its counterpart in other ethnic communities.

Question 52

The "old" and "new" immigrants had nothing in common.

Question 53

In the 1870s many American cities were walking cities where people often lived within walking distance of work.

Question 54

Immigrants who came to the United States tended to do so regardless of whether or not they had friends or relatives already in the United States.

Question 55

There were big changes both above and below ground in the growing cities.

Question 56

By 1920,a majority of states prohibited child labor.

Question 57

By 1900,the average work week in American industry was fifty hours.

Question 58

The typical workweek for steelworkers was more than 72 hours.

Question 59

Many "new" immigrants rose to the prosperous ranks of skilled labor.

Question 60

The black middle class of the nineteenth century went into decline as whites no longer wanted to employ blacks for services such as barbering or food preparation.

Question 61

African American real estate agents in many cities achieved significant wealth and power.

Question 62

By the early twentieth century,Japanese immigrants owned about 25 percent of California's total farm acreage.

Question 63

The ____________________ were urban leaders who ran corrupt political machines that provided social welfare services for slum dwellers.

Question 64

Big city machines were both positive and negative forces in urban life.

Question 65

More than half of the early films shown in American nickelodeons came from France,Germany,and Italy.

Question 66

Conservatives were concerned about the antagonism that existed between feminists and labor activists.

Question 67

Many feminists found a supportive community in New York's Greenwich Village.

Question 68

The designer of Central Park was ____________________.

Question 69

In the 1870s,many cities were ____________________ cities where one did not need transportation.

Question 70

This time period saw a great deal of government corruption and organized crime.

Question 71

African Americans were treated worse than new immigrants.

Question 72

The Midway Plaisance was a feature attraction at Coney Island.

Question 73

Man local politicians made money through graft.

Question 74

Most Asian migrants came into the country through Ellis Island.

Question 75

Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson disdained the "melting pot" notion of America.

Question 76

Women began to reinforce and support traditional ideas about sex and gender equality.

Question 77

The nation's racial climate was worsening.

Question 78

Contaminated water in Chicago gave way to a(n)____________________ disease outbreak.

Question 79

In the early years of the movie industry the price of theater tickets was too high for the working classes of the cities to enjoy this new form of entertainment.

Question 80

The new kind of building in the city was the ____________________.