Question 1

The determinant of health with the greatest effect on the health of Canadians is which of the following?&#10;A)Education.&#10;B)Health services.&#10;C)Social support networks.&#10;D)Income and social status.

Accepted Answer

Income,income distribution,and social status constitute the greatest determinant of health because they influence most other determinants.Some investigators suggest that literacy and education are important influences on health status because they affect many other health determinants.Approximately 25% of a population's health status is attributed to the quality of its health care services.Social support affects health,health behaviours,and health care utilization but is not the greatest determinant of health.

Question 2

The nurse incorporates levels of prevention on the basis of patient needs and the type of nursing care provided.Which of the following is an example of tertiary level preventive caregiving?&#10;A)Teaching a patient how to irrigate a new temporary colostomy.&#10;B)Providing a lesson on hygiene for an elementary school class.&#10;C)Informing a patient that immunizations for her infant are available through the health department.&#10;D)Arranging for a hospice nurse to visit with the family of a patient with cancer.

Accepted Answer

Tertiary prevention is provided when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible.At this level,the hospice nurse aims to help the patient and his or her family to achieve a high level of function,despite the limitations caused by the patient's illness.Teaching a patient how to irrigate a new colostomy is an example of secondary prevention.If the colostomy is to be permanent,care may later move to the tertiary level of prevention.Providing a lesson on hygiene for an elementary school class and informing a patient about available immunizations are examples of primary prevention.

Question 3

The principle &#34;Health promotion is multisectoral&#34; means which of the following?&#10;A)Relationships between individual,social,and environmental factors must be recognized.&#10;B)Physical,mental,social,ecological,cultural,and spiritual aspects of health must be recognized.&#10;C)In order to change unhealthy living and working conditions,areas other than health must also be involved.&#10;D)Health promotion uses knowledge from disciplines such as social,economic,political,environmental,medical,and nursing sciences,as well as from first-hand experience.

Accepted Answer

The statement "Health promotion is multisectoral" is the principle explained by the necessity to involve areas other than health in order to change unhealthy living and working conditions.

Question 4

Risk factors can be placed in the following interrelated categories: genetic and physiological factors,age,physical environment,and lifestyle.The presence of any of these risk factors means which of the following?

A)A person with the risk factor will get the disease.
B)The chances of getting the disease are increased.
C)The disease is guaranteed not to develop if the risk factor is controlled.
D)Risk modification will have no effect on disease prevention.

Accepted Answer

The presence of risk factors does not mean that a disease will develop,but risk factors increase the chances that the individual will experience a particular disease or dysfunction.Control of risk factors does not guarantee that a disease will not develop.However,risk factor identification assists patients in visualizing those areas in life that can be modified or even eliminated to promote wellness and prevent illness.

Question 5

Classifications of health conceptualizations occur in which ways? (Select all that apply. )&#10;A)Health as stability.&#10;B)Health as free from illness.&#10;C)Health as universal.&#10;D)Health as actualization.&#10;E)Health as individual.

Accepted Answer

Health can be conceptualized (Pender,2006)in three ways: health as stability,health as actualization,and health as both of these together.

Question 6

One of the five health promotion strategies,as identified by the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion,is which of the following?&#10;A)Creating supportive environments.&#10;B)Strengthening educational opportunities.&#10;C)Developing a medical approach.&#10;D)Minimizing stressful situations.

Accepted Answer

"Creating supportive environments" is one of the five broad health promotion strategies identified by the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion.The other strategies are building healthy public policy,strengthening community action,developing personal skills,and reorienting health services."Strengthening educational opportunities," "Developing a medical approach," and "Minimizing stressful situations" are not among the five strategies.

Question 7

Which of the following is a true statement about nutrition in Canada,according to the research?&#10;A)Canadians have increased their total fat and salt consumption.&#10;B)Canadians report that their children eat the recommended daily number of fruits and vegetables.&#10;C)Fifty percent of children aged 2 to 17 years are overweight or obese.&#10;D)The 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)revealed that 40% of adult Canadians were obese (body mass index of 30 or more)and 50% were overweight.

Accepted Answer

One quarter of Canadians overall,and one third of teenagers aged 14 to 18 years,reported eating at a fast-food outlet the previous day;such foods are high in fats and salts.Seventy percent of children aged 4 to 8 ate fewer than the minimum servings of fruits and vegetables daily.Of children aged 2 to 17 years,26% were overweight or obese,not 50%.The 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS)revealed that 23% of adult Canadians were obese (body mass index of 30 or more),not 40%,and 36% were overweight,not 50%.

Question 8

Since the early 1990s,which group has had the highest amount of absenteeism of all workers in Canada?&#10;A)&#34;White collar sector&#34; workers.&#10;B)Nurses.&#10;C)Workers in the trades.&#10;D)Transport and equipment operators.

Accepted Answer

There is considerable concern regarding negative workplace conditions in the health care sector.Nurses have had the highest or second-highest rate of absenteeism of all workers in Canada since the early 1990s.Rates of absenteeism for the "white collar sector," for workers in the trades,and for transport and equipment operators are not available.

Question 9

When the nurse is educating an adult patient about health promotion activities,which of the following is the most important internal patient factor for the nurse to consider?&#10;A)Emotional wellness.&#10;B)Developmental stage.&#10;C)Professed spirituality.&#10;D)Levels of education and literacy.

Accepted Answer

Levels of education and literacy are important influences to consider when the nurse is educating an adult patient about health promotion activities.Literacy can influence health both directly (e.g. ,with regard to medication use,safety practices)as well as indirectly (through use of services,lifestyles,income,work environments,and stress levels).Spirituality is reflected in a person's values and beliefs,the relationships established with family and friends,and the ability to find hope and meaning in life;however,these can change throughout life;however,it is not the most important factor to consider.The nurse must consider the patient's level of growth and development when using the patient's health beliefs and practices as a basis for planning care,but this is not the most important patient factor to consider.In this case,the patient is at the adult developmental stage.The patient's emotional wellness-degree of stress,depression,or fear,for example-can influence health beliefs and practices.The manner in which a person handles stress throughout each phase of life will influence the way he or she reacts to illness.However,this is not the best available option.

Question 10

When discussing the effect of a known risk factor on a patient's health,what would the nurse would say?&#10;A)&#34;It doesn't mean that you'll get the disease,just that the odds are greater for you.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;Now that you know the possibility is there,you can take steps to prevent it.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;This risk factor can be managed by making a change to your lifestyle.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;You're lucky because you have the benefit of being able to do something about&#160;it.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The presence of risk factors does not mean that a disease will develop,but risk factors increase the chances that the individual will experience a particular disease or dysfunction.Although the statement "Now that you know the possibility is there,you can take steps to prevent it" is not incorrect,it does not address the effect of the risk factor on the patient's health.It is not always true that a risk factor can be managed by making lifestyle changes.The strategy of telling the patient that he or she is lucky and has the benefit of being able to do something about a risk factor minimizes the patient's concern,and does not address the effect of the risk factor on the patient's health.

Question 11

According to the World Health Organization,what is the best description of &#34;health&#34;?&#10;A)Simply the absence of disease.&#10;B)Involving the total person and environment.&#10;C)Strictly personal in nature.&#10;D)Status of pathological state.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the World Health Organization,what is...

Question 12

The nurse is working on a committee to evaluate the need for increasing the levels of fluoride in the drinking water of the community.In doing so,the nurse is fostering which concept?&#10;A)Anticipatory prevention.&#10;B)Primary prevention.&#10;C)Secondary prevention.&#10;D)Tertiary prevention.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is working on a committee...

Question 13

The patient is admitted to the emergency department of the local hospital from home with reports of chest discomfort and shortness of breath.She is administered oxygen and breathing treatments,laboratory tests and blood gas measurements are performed,and electrocardiography is conducted.What level of preventive care is this patient receiving?

A)Primary prevention.
B)Secondary prevention.
C)Tertiary prevention.
D)Health promotion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The patient is admitted to the emergency...

Question 14

A patient is admitted to a rehabilitation facility after a stroke.The patient has right-sided paralysis and is unable to speak.The patient will be receiving physiotherapy and speech therapy.What are these examples of?

A)Primary prevention.
B)Secondary prevention.
C)Tertiary prevention.
D)Health promotion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient is admitted to a rehabilitation...

Question 15

The nurse is using the population health promotion model to develop actions for improving health.After asking,"On what should we take action?";"How should we take action?";and "Why should we take action?" the nurse will ask which of the following questions?

A)"With whom should we act?"
B)"When should we take action?"
C)"Which government should take action?"
D)"Where should we first act?"

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Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is using the population health...

Question 16

Which of the following is a prerequisite for health,as identified by the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion?&#10;A)Education.&#10;B)Social support.&#10;C)Self-esteem.&#10;D)Physical environment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a prerequisite...

Question 17

A paraplegic patient in the hospital for an electrolyte imbalance is receiving care at which prevention level?&#10;A)Primary prevention level.&#10;B)Secondary prevention level.&#10;C)Tertiary prevention level.&#10;D)Health promotion level.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A paraplegic patient in the hospital for...

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?&#10;A)Reduction of risk factors,such as smoking.&#10;B)Breast self-examination and testicular self-examination.&#10;C)Cardiac rehabilitation programs.&#10;D)Blood pressure screening to detect hypertension.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an example...

Question 19

The nurse is working in a clinic that is designed to provide health education and immunizations.As such,this clinic focuses on which type of prevention?&#10;A)Primary prevention.&#10;B)Secondary prevention.&#10;C)Tertiary prevention.&#10;D)Diagnosis and prompt intervention.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is working in a clinic...

Question 20

What priority strategy for health promotion in Canada is optional but seen as important to incorporate in nursing education curricula?&#10;A)Knowledge of disease prevention.&#10;B)Strategies for health promotion.&#10;C)Policy advocacy.&#10;D)Concepts of determinants of health.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What priority strategy for health promotion in...

Question 21

Health challenges,as identified by Achieving Health for All: A Framework for Health Promotion (Epp,1986),include which of the following? (Select all that apply. )&#10;A)Mutual aid&#10;B)Reducing inequities&#10;C)Increasing prevention&#10;D)Enhancing coping

Accepted Answer

The answer of Health challenges,as identified by Achieving Health for...

Deck 1: Health and Wellness