Deck 21: Developmental Theories

Question 1

The nurse is teaching a young adult couple about promoting the health of their 8-year-old child.The nurse knows that the parents understand the developmental stage their child is in according to Erikson when they state which of the following?

A)"We should provide proper support for learning new skills."
B)"We should encourage devoted relationships with others."
C)"We should limit choices and provide harsh punishment for mistakes."
D)"We should not leave our child at school for longer than 3 hours at a time."

Answer 1

"We should provide proper support for learning new skills."

Question 2

The nurse is planning playroom activities for a hospitalized 6-year-old patient.Which of the following items are age appropriate? (Select all that apply. )

A)Crayons and paper.
B)Children's books.
C)A 500-piece puzzle.
D)Building blocks.
E)Magazines and newspapers.

Answer 2

Crayons and paper.
Children's books.
Building blocks.

Question 3

Jean Piaget's cognitive developmental theory focuses on four stages of development,including which of the following?

A)Formal operations.
B)Intimacy versus isolation.
C)Latency.
D)The postconventional level.

Answer 3

Formal operations.

Question 4

While assessing an 18-month-old toddler,the nurse distinguishes normal from abnormal findings by remembering that Gesell's theory of development accounts for which of the following statements?

A)"The developmental stage of the toddler is affected solely by environmental influence."
B)"Developmental patterns are not affected by gene activity."
C)"Skill development should be identical to that of other toddlers in the playroom."
D)"Environmental influence does not affect the sequence of development."

Question 5

A nursing student overhears a 72-year-old patient reflecting on whether his or her life was meaningful.The nursing student acknowledges that the patient is in which stage of Erikson's eight stages of life?

A)Initiative versus guilt
B)Industry versus inferiority.
C)Integrity versus despair.
D)Intimacy versus isolation.

Question 6

The parents of a 15-month-old child express concern to the nurse about their child's thumb-sucking habit.Which of these explanations related to the child's age and developmental level would be most appropriate for the nurse to give the parents?

A)Thumb sucking at this age indicates a developmental delay and should be further assessed.
B)Sucking achieves a pleasing result for infants,and generalizing that action by thumb sucking is normal.
C)Thumb sucking at this age demonstrates a transition away from egocentric thinking.
D)At this age,thumb sucking will enhance language development.

Question 7

Which of these manifestations,if identified in a 6-year-old patient,should the nurse associate with a possible developmental delay according to Piaget's theory?

A)The child speaks in complete sentences but often talks only about himself.
B)The child still plays with a favourite doll that he has had since he was a toddler.
C)The child continues to suck his thumb.
D)The child describes an event from his own perspective,even though the entire family was present.

Question 8

Which statement is in accordance with Freud's psychoanalytical/psychosocial theory?

A)Adult personality is the result of resolved conflicts between sources of sexual pleasure and the mandates of reality.
B)Development occurs throughout the lifespan and focuses on psychosocial stages.
C)The genital stage precedes the phallic stage of development.
D)Problems evident in adult life are due to early successes and resolution of earlier developmental stages.

Question 9

An 18-month-old patient is brought into the clinic for evaluation because her mother is concerned.The 18-month-old child hits her siblings and says only "No" when communicating verbally.According to Piaget's theory,what recommendation should the nurse make a priority?

A)Consult the social worker because the child is hitting other children.
B)Reassure the mother that the child is developmentally within specified norms.
C)Encourage the mother to seek psychological counselling for the child.
D)Remove all toys from the child's room until this behaviour ceases.

Question 10

Which of these statements would be most appropriate for a nurse to state when assessing an adult patient for growth and developmental delays?

A)"How many times per week do you exercise?"
B)"Are you able to stand on one foot for 5 seconds?"
C)"Would you please describe your usual activities during the day?"
D)"How many hours a day do you spend watching television or sitting in front of a computer?"

Question 11

According to Piaget's formal operations level,what is a 13-year-old likely to do?

A)Hit other students to deal with environmental change.
B)Use play to understand her surroundings.
C)Question her parents about an upcoming presidential election.
D)Question where the ice is hiding when ice has melted in her drink.

Question 12

Which of these approaches would be most appropriate for the nurse to use when teaching a 4-year-old patient about scheduled surgery?

A)Give the parents a book to read about the procedure and do not discuss the procedure with the child,to decrease anxiety.
B)Set boundaries before teaching by telling the child that she can ask only three questions because time is limited.
C)Insist that the parents wait outside the room to ensure privacy of the child.
D)Allow the child to touch and hold medical equipment such as thermometers and empty syringes.

Question 13

When developing a plan of care concerning growth and development for a hospitalized adolescent,what should the nurse do? (Select all that apply. )

A)Stick with one developmental theory for consistency.
B)Apply developmental theories when making observations of the individual's patterns of growth and development.
C)Compare the individual's assessment findings versus established normal findings.
D)Recognize his or her own moral developmental level.
E)Apply a unidimensional lifespan perspective.

Question 14

A nurse should instruct the parents of a 10-year-old child to keep which of the following theoretical principles in mind when dealing with a behavioural problem at home?

A)Strategies that worked well with the first child will be equally as effective for the second child.
B)Encourage the child to volunteer some time at a local hospital to instill a sense of fulfillment.
C)Bargaining about chores in exchange for privileges may be an effective method of encouraging helpful activities.
D)Do not offer praise for accomplishments and punishment for behavioural issues.

Question 15

Which of the following is a priority reason for being knowledgeable about biophysical developmental theories?

A)Understanding how the physical body grows.
B)Predicting definite patterns of cognitive development.
C)Anticipating how patients' social behaviours develop.
D)Describing the process of psychological development.

Question 16

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development,the nurse should allow a hospitalized 4-year-old patient to safely play with which item?

A)The pump administering intravenous (IV)fluids.
B)The blood pressure cuff.
C)A baseball bat.
D)A book to read alone in a quiet place.

Question 17

The teaching plan for a 3-year-old child who is at risk for developmental delay should include which of these instructions for the parents?

A)"Encourage play as your child is exploring his or her surroundings."
B)"Insist that your child discuss various points of view,not just his or her own."
C)"Discuss world events with your child to foster language development."
D)"Actively encourage your child to read lengthy books to expedite reading and writing abilities."

Question 18

A child is assessed as being extremely active,requiring a highly structured environment,and irregular in her habits.According to Chess and Thomas (1995),an accurate interpretation of the child's category of temperament is which of the following?

A)Easy child.
B)Difficult child.
C)Hyperactive child.
D)Slow-to-warm up child.

Question 19

The nursing instructor needs to provide further instruction to the student who makes which statement?

A)"Intellectual development is affected by cognitive processes."
B)"Socioemotional processes can influence an individual's growth and development."
C)"Breast development is an example of a change resulting from biological processes."
D)"An individual's biological processes determine physical characteristics and do not affect growth and development."

Question 20

The parents of a 14-year-old boy express concern over their child's rebellious behaviour.The nurse should plan to respond to the parents' concern by informing them that their:

A)Child should be referred to a juvenile correctional facility.
B)Child's behaviour is normal because the adolescent is trying to adjust to his emerging identity.
C)Child's behaviour is a matter of concern because he is likely conflicted about establishing companionship with a partner.
D)Child's behaviour is expected because he is expressing his need to support future generations.