Deck 42: Nutrition

Question 1

In providing prenatal care to a patient,what does the nurse teach the expectant mother?

A)Protein intake needs to decrease to preserve kidney function.
B)Calcium intake is especially important in the first trimester.
C)Folic acid is needed to help prevent birth defects and anemia.
D)The mother should take in as many extra vitamins and minerals as possible.

Answer 1

Folic acid is needed to help prevent birth defects and anemia.

Question 2

The energy needed to maintain life-sustaining activities for a specific period of time at rest is known as which of the following?

A)Basal metabolic rate.
B)Resting energy expenditure.
C)Nutrients.
D)Nutrient density.

Answer 2

Basal metabolic rate.

Question 3

The patient is an 80-year-old man who is visiting the clinic today for his routine physical examination.The patient's skin turgor is fair,but he has been complaining of fatigue and weakness.The skin is warm and dry,pulse rate is 126 beats per minute,and urinary sodium level is slightly elevated.After assessment,the nurse should recommend what to the patient?

A)Decrease his intake of milk and dairy products to decrease the risk of osteoporosis.
B)Drink more grapefruit juice to enhance vitamin C intake and medication absorption.
C)Drink more water to prevent further dehydration.
D)Eat more meat because meat is the only source of usable protein.

Answer 3

Drink more water to prevent further dehydration.

Question 4

A patient is seen in the outpatient clinic for follow-up of a nutritional deficiency.In planning for the patient's dietary intake,the nurse includes a complete protein.Which one of the following is an example of a complete protein?

A)Cheese.
B)Oats.
C)Legumes.
D)Vegetables.

Question 5

The nurse is assessing a patient for nutritional status.In doing so,what must the nurse do?

A)Choose a single objective tool that fits the patient's condition.
B)Combine multiple objective measures with subjective measures.
C)Forego the assessment in the presence of chronic disease.
D)Use the Mini Nutritional Assessment for pediatric patients.

Question 6

In determining kcal expenditure,the nurse knows that carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kcal of energy per gram ingested.The nurse also knows that fats provide how many kilocalories per gram?

A)3 kcal.
B)4 kcal.
C)6 kcal.
D)9 kcal.

Question 7

Some proteins are manufactured in the body,and others are not.Those that must be obtained through diet are known as which of the following?

A)Amino acids.
B)Dispensable amino acids.
C)Triglycerides.
D)Essential amino acids.

Question 8

When inserting a nasoenteric tube,the nurse will rotate the tube how much?

A)45 degrees.
B)90 degrees.
C)180 degrees.
D)360 degrees.

Question 9

In providing diet education for a patient on a low-fat diet,it is important for the nurse to understand which of the following?

A)Saturated fats are found mostly in vegetable sources.
B)Saturated fats are found mostly in animal sources.
C)Unsaturated fats are found mostly in animal sources.
D)Linoleic acid is a saturated fatty acid.

Question 10

The nurse is providing nutrition teaching to a Korean patient.In doing so,the nurse must understand that the focus of the teaching should be on which of the following?

A)Changing the patient's diet to a more conventional Canadian diet.
B)Discouraging the patient's ethnic food choices.
C)Food preferences of the patient,including racial and ethnic choices.
D)Comparing the patient's ethnic preferences with Canadian dietary choices.

Question 11

The patient states that she is a lacto-ovo-vegetarian.Which of the following types of food does a lacto-ovo-vegetarian consume?

A)Fish and poultry
B)Only plant foods
C)Milk and fish
D)Eggs and milk

Question 12

When teaching a patient about current dietary guidelines for the general population,the nurse explains referenced daily intakes and daily reference values,otherwise known as daily values.In providing this information,the nurse understands what about daily values?

A)They have replaced recommended daily allowances (RDAs).
B)They have provided a more understandable calculation of RDAs for the public.
C)They are based on percentages of a diet consisting of 1200 kcal/day.
D)They are not usually easy to find and computer experience is required.

Question 13

Fats are composed of triglycerides and fatty acids.Which of the following statements is true?

A)Triglycerides are made up of three fatty acids.
B)Triglycerides can be saturated.
C)Triglycerides can be monounsaturated.
D)Triglycerides can be polyunsaturated.

Question 14

In general,when energy requirements are completely met by kilocalorie intake in food,what happens?

A)Weight increases.
B)Weight decreases.
C)Weight does not change.
D)Kilocalories are not a factor in energy requirements.

Question 15

To counter obesity in adolescents,increasing physical activity is often more important than curbing intake.Sports and regular,moderate to intense exercise necessitate dietary modifications to meet increased energy needs for adolescents.The nurse understands that these modifications include which of the following?

A)Decreasing carbohydrates to 25% to 30% of total intake.
B)Decreasing protein intake to 0.75 g/kg/day.
C)Drinking water before and after exercise.
D)Providing vitamin and mineral supplements.

Question 16

Knowing that protein is required for tissue growth,maintenance,and repair,the nurse must understand that for optimal tissue healing to occur,the patient must be in which state?

A)Negative nitrogen balance.
B)Positive nitrogen balance.
C)Total dependence on protein for kcal production.
D)Neutral nitrogen balance.

Question 17

The nurse is teaching the patient about dietary guidelines.In discussing the four components of dietary reference intakes (DRIs),it is important to understand which of the following?

A)The estimated average requirement (EAR)is appropriate for 100% of the population.
B)The RDA meets the needs of the individual.
C)Adequate intake determines the nutrient requirements of the RDA.
D)The tolerable upper intake level is not a recommended level of intake.

Question 18

The patient has a calculated body mass index (BMI)of 34.How would the patient be classified?

A)As unclassifiable.
B)As being of normal weight.
C)As being overweight.
D)As being obese.

Question 19

The patient has been diagnosed with cardiovascular disease and placed on a low-fat diet.The patient asks the nurse,"How much fat should I have? I guess the less fat,the better." What does the nurse need to explain?

A)Fats have no significance in health and the incidence of disease.
B)All fats come from external sources and so can be easily controlled.
C)Deficiencies occur when fat intake falls below 20% of daily total fat intake.
D)Vegetable fats are the major source of saturated fats and should be avoided.

Question 20

In teaching mothers-to-be about infant nutrition,what does the nurse instruct patients to do?

A)Give cow's milk during the first year of life.
B)Supplement breast milk with corn syrup.
C)Add honey to infant formulas for increased energy.
D)Remember that breast milk or formula is sufficient for the first 6 months.

Question 21

To create a new nutritional plan of care for a patient,the nurse needs to do which of the following? (Select all that apply. )

A)Utilize the characteristics of a normal nutritional status.
B)Evaluate previous patient responses to nursing interventions.
C)Exclude established expected outcomes to evaluate patient responses.
D)Design innovative interventions to meet the patient's needs.
E)Follow through with evaluation and counselling.

Question 22

The parent of an 8-year-old asks the nurse about any special nutritional needs for children in this age group.The nurse mentions that children in this age group need to do which of the following?

A)Increase their intake of B vitamins.
B)Significantly increase iron intake.
C)Maintain a sufficient intake of protein and vitamins A and C.
D)Increase carbohydrate intake to meet increased energy needs.

Question 23

What action should the nurse take when expected nutritional outcomes are not being met?

A)Revise the nursing measures or expected outcomes.
B)Alter the outcomes on the basis of nursing standards.
C)Ensure that patient expectations are congruent with the nurse's expectations.
D)Readjust the plan to exclude cultural beliefs.

Question 24

The nurse is concerned about pulmonary aspiration when providing her patient with tube feedings.What should the nurse do?

A)Verify tube placement before the feeding.
B)Lower the head of the bed to a supine position.
C)Add blue food colouring to the enteral formula.
D)Run the formula over 12 hours to decrease volume.

Question 25

The nurse is providing home care for a patient who has acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).In preparing meals for this patient,what should the nurse do?

A)Provide small,frequent nutrient-dense meals.
B)Encourage intake of fatty foods to increase caloric intake.
C)Prepare hot meals because they are more easily tolerated.
D)Avoid salty foods and limit liquids to preserve electrolytes.

Question 26

The patient has just started enteral feedings but is complaining of abdominal cramping.What should the nurse do?

A)Slow the rate of tube feeding.
B)Instill cold formula to "numb" the stomach.
C)Place the patient in a supine position.
D)Change the tube feeding to a high-fat formula.

Question 27

The patient has just been started on an enteral feeding and has developed diarrhea after being on the feeding for 2 hours.Which of the following is the most likely cause of the diarrhea?

A)Clostridium difficile infection.
B)Antibiotic therapy.
C)Formula intolerance.
D)Bacterial contamination.

Question 28

DRIs are evidence-informed criteria for an acceptable range of amounts of vitamins and nutrients for each gender and age group.Components of DRIs include which of the following? (Select all that apply. )

A)EAR.
B)RDA.
C)The Food Guide Pyramid.
D)Adequate intake.
E)The tolerable upper intake level.

Question 29

The nurse is preparing to insert a nasogastric tube in a patient who is semiconscious.To determine the length of the tube needed to be inserted,the nurse measures what length?

A)From the tip of the nose to the xiphoid process of the sternum.
B)From the earlobe to the xiphoid process of the sternum.
C)From the tip of the nose to the earlobe.
D)From the tip of the nose to the earlobe to the xiphoid process.

Question 30

The patient is admitted with facial trauma,including a broken nose,and has a history of esophageal reflux and of aspiration pneumonia.In view of this information,which of the following tubes is appropriate for this patient?

A)Nasogastric tube.
B)Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)tube.
C)Nasointestinal tube.
D)Jejunostomy tube.

Question 31

In providing teaching for a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus,the nurse gives the patient which instruction?

A)Insulin is the only consideration that must be taken into account.
B)Saturated fat should be limited to less than 30% of total calories.
C)Cholesterol intake should be greater than 200 mg/day.
D)Nonnutritive sweeteners can be used without restriction.

Question 32

The patient is to receive multiple medications via the nasogastric tube.The nurse is concerned that the tube may become clogged.What can the nurse do to prevent this?

A)Irrigate the tube with 60 mL of water after all medications are given.
B)Check with the pharmacy to find out whether liquid forms of the medications are available.
C)Instill nonliquid medications without diluting.
D)Mix all medications together to decrease the number of administrations.

Question 33

In creating a plan of care to meet the nutritional needs of the patient,the nurse needs to explore the patient's feelings about weight and food.Why must the nurse do this?

A)To determine which category of plan to use.
B)To set realistic goals for the patient.
C)To mutually plan goals with patient and team.
D)To prevent the need for a dietitian consult.

Question 34

To provide successful nutritional therapies to patients,what must the nurse understand?

A)Patients will have to change diet preferences drastically to be successful.
B)The patient will tell the nurse when to change the plan of care.
C)Expectations of nurses frequently differ from those of the patient.
D)Nurses should never alter the plan of care regardless of outcome.

Question 35

In determining the nutritional status of a patient and developing a plan of care,it is important to evaluate the patient according to what data?

A)Published standards.
B)Nursing professional standards.
C)Absence of family input.
D)Patient input only.

Question 36

The patient is asking the nurse about the best way to stay healthy.The nurse explains to the patient that from a nutritional point of view,the patient should do which of the following? (Select all that apply. )

A)Maintain body weight in a healthy range.
B)Increase physical activity.
C)Increase intake of meat and other high-protein foods.
D)Keep total fat intake to 10% or less.
E)Choose and prepare foods with little salt.

Question 37

The patient is an older woman and has been given a nursing diagnosis of Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements.What role should the nurse play in her treatment regimen?

A)Encourage weight gain as rapidly as possible.
B)Encourage large meals three times a day.
C)Decrease fluid intake to prevent feeling full.
D)Encourage fibre intake.

Question 38

In measuring the effectiveness of nutritional interventions,what must the nurse remember?

A)To expect results to occur rapidly.
B)Not to be concerned with physical measures such as weight.
C)To expect to maintain a course of action regardless of changes in condition.
D)To evaluate outcomes according to the patient's expectations and goals.

Question 39

At present,the most reliable method for verification of placement of small-bore feeding tubes is

A)Auscultation.
B)Aspiration of contents.
C)Radiography.
D)pH testing.

Question 40

Before giving the patient an intermittent tube feeding,what should the nurse do?

A)Make sure that the tube is secured to the gown with a safety pin.
B)Have the tube feeding at room temperature.
C)Inject air into the stomach via the tube and auscultate.
D)Place the patient in a supine position.